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The development of new dilational stents for resolving chronic benign stenosis and strictures of the respiratory airways and esophagus in children
Janoušek, Petr ; Kabelka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Betka, Jan (referee) ; Šlapák, Ivo (referee) ; Přádný, Martin (referee)
Stenosis of the larynx and trachea accounts for a small but adverse spectrum of diagnoses in patients treated in ENT and Head and Neck Surgical departments. In treating chronic stenosis and strictures, an unequivocal, generally -accepted approach has not been established. The predominant method of treatment is surgical. Other methods applied include endoscopic (laservaporation, aryteooidectomy) and extemal (expansive, resection) procedures. 10 the pediatric population, the desired method is one which has a minimal1y harmful impact to the growing child. For these reasons, indications to exteosive surgical treatments are limited. Dilatation of stenosis and stricture, and temporary maintaining of lumen patency using stents individual1y measured "to size" seem to afford greater advantages for use in the pediatric population. In cooperation with the Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry (Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic), we have worked on the development of stents suitable for clinical use that exhibit a combination of useful properties (rigidity, absorbability, biocompatibility, microbial inactivity). The steots were developed by polymerisatioo of 2 hydroxyethy1methacrylate onto a template made from polyethylenenterphtalate type silk (Dacron). The Poly-HEMA material is registered by the national Drug...
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Use of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology
Sláma, Karel ; Slouka, David (advisor) ; Betka, Jan (referee) ; Holubec, Luboš (referee)
Dissertation work: Using of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology The aim of this dissertation is to introduce the use of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology. The theoretical part deals with the description of robotic devices and their use. This part is divided into several chapters: the invention of robots, its development and its usage in medicine. The theoretical part also deals with specifications, safety and main principles of controlling. It also includes the description of the most commonly used robotic system in medicine - the daVinci system. Furthermore, the theoretical part explains, how robots are used in otorhinolaryngology and other surgery fields including the preparation and practical procedures in a robotic operation. The other part describes specific indication criteria for transoral robotic surgery (TORS) including extended uses in otorhinolaryngology, especially in transaxillary thyroidectomy. The special part contains the evaluation of resulting data from a group of otorhinolaryngology patients with T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of base of tongue and supraglottis who were operated on robotically in comparison to traditional open surgery procedures. Key words Robot, use in medicine, da Vinci system, use in otorhinolaryngology
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Laser radiation in minimally invasive medicine
Slouka, David ; Slípka, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Betka, Jan (referee) ; Vostracký, Zdeněk (referee)
Introduction. The development trend of modern medicine is minimal invasiveness while maintaining sufficient radicality . This is aided by a great deal of new knowledge, revolutionary technical achievements and work approaches. Examples of this are numerous - an excimer laser for myopia, radio frequency thermoablation in the treatment of liver metastases, the use of a harmonic scalpel in endoscopic or open surgery. These are all examples where minimum damage is incurred on the "way" to a treating an organ with the same radicalism as with traditional surgery. The ultrasonic knife and radiofrequency thermotherapy have entered medicine in a multidisciplinary way, which, however, remains incomparable with the expansit of the phenomenon called laser. Lasers bring together a group of devices with very diverse characteristics, enabling applications in many fields of medicine. Wavelength defined by an active medium, coherence, collimation and monochromaticity predisposes lasers to a single technically unique selective influence of various tissues with their great energy. This enables a device belonging to a group of lasers to crush kidney stones, as well as evaporate a cornea or cut enamel. Objectives of the work. Our objective was to determine the benefits of laser medicine to minimize invasiveness in...
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Polymeric-drug Conjugates in Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Betka, Jaroslav ; Říhová, Blanka (advisor) ; Prausová, Jana (referee) ; Reiniš, Milan (referee)
Malignant diseases are after cardiovascular diseases the second most common cause of death in the developed countries. The number of patients newly diagnosed with cancer is constantly rising, on average by 2.5% yearly. This trend also applies to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, which is the sixth most common oncological disease. Its occurrence is most influenced by two external risk factors: smoking and abuse of alcohol; latest research indicates that for the emergence of neoplasia is crucial not only the amount of and duration of the use of a harmful substance but also the time of day when a harmful substance is used as well as psychological dependence on the substance. But recently, we are witnessing growth of the frequency of occurrence of the squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx with non-smokers and younger age groups in connection with presence of the HPV infection in tumor. The forms of so far most commonly used anticancer therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) have, despite progressions over the last decades, lead to significant improvement only with some types of cancer but in the case of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is the total probability of five-year survival still low, approximately 40%. Therefore we are turning our attention to the new forms of...
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Early cancerogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Kastner, Jan ; Betka, Jan (advisor) ; Salzman, Richard (referee) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee)
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumour of head and neck. Prognostic and predictive information as an individual imprint of molecular-genetic analysis of HNSCC will help to determine the best indivicual treatment. And in case of surgical appraoch the optimal resection with adequate quality of life and long-term survival. Study of early cancerogenesis in our project is based on knowledge, that histological normal mucosa next to tumor shows preneoplastic molecular alterations. Molecular genetic changes in a histological normal mucosa harbouring a tumor may play a principal role in revealing of early cancerogenesis process. Molecular-genetic analysis of cancerogenesis in HNSCC reveals prognostic and predictive factors, which are necessary for evaluation and decission for the best individual treatment. This is the concept of tailored medicine The text summarizes current knowledge of early cancerogenesis in HNSCC and presents molecular-biological trends, which are necessary to discover details of early cancerogenesis and thus to get a tool for better detection as well as treatment of malignant disease. The study is based on fragment analysis of microsatelites lesions in tumor tissue in comparison to adjacent mucosa and the healthy mucosa. Results show significant molecular-biological...
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Use of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology
Sláma, Karel ; Slouka, David (advisor) ; Betka, Jan (referee) ; Holubec, Luboš (referee)
Dissertation work: Using of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology The aim of this dissertation is to introduce the use of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology. The theoretical part deals with the description of robotic devices and their use. This part is divided into several chapters: the invention of robots, its development and its usage in medicine. The theoretical part also deals with specifications, safety and main principles of controlling. It also includes the description of the most commonly used robotic system in medicine - the daVinci system. Furthermore, the theoretical part explains, how robots are used in otorhinolaryngology and other surgery fields including the preparation and practical procedures in a robotic operation. The other part describes specific indication criteria for transoral robotic surgery (TORS) including extended uses in otorhinolaryngology, especially in transaxillary thyroidectomy. The special part contains the evaluation of resulting data from a group of otorhinolaryngology patients with T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of base of tongue and supraglottis who were operated on robotically in comparison to traditional open surgery procedures. Key words Robot, use in medicine, da Vinci system, use in otorhinolaryngology
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Polymeric-drug Conjugates in Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Betka, Jaroslav ; Říhová, Blanka (advisor) ; Prausová, Jana (referee) ; Reiniš, Milan (referee)
Malignant diseases are after cardiovascular diseases the second most common cause of death in the developed countries. The number of patients newly diagnosed with cancer is constantly rising, on average by 2.5% yearly. This trend also applies to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, which is the sixth most common oncological disease. Its occurrence is most influenced by two external risk factors: smoking and abuse of alcohol; latest research indicates that for the emergence of neoplasia is crucial not only the amount of and duration of the use of a harmful substance but also the time of day when a harmful substance is used as well as psychological dependence on the substance. But recently, we are witnessing growth of the frequency of occurrence of the squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx with non-smokers and younger age groups in connection with presence of the HPV infection in tumor. The forms of so far most commonly used anticancer therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) have, despite progressions over the last decades, lead to significant improvement only with some types of cancer but in the case of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is the total probability of five-year survival still low, approximately 40%. Therefore we are turning our attention to the new forms of...
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Laser radiation in minimally invasive medicine
Slouka, David ; Slípka, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Betka, Jan (referee) ; Vostracký, Zdeněk (referee)
Introduction. The development trend of modern medicine is minimal invasiveness while maintaining sufficient radicality . This is aided by a great deal of new knowledge, revolutionary technical achievements and work approaches. Examples of this are numerous - an excimer laser for myopia, radio frequency thermoablation in the treatment of liver metastases, the use of a harmonic scalpel in endoscopic or open surgery. These are all examples where minimum damage is incurred on the "way" to a treating an organ with the same radicalism as with traditional surgery. The ultrasonic knife and radiofrequency thermotherapy have entered medicine in a multidisciplinary way, which, however, remains incomparable with the expansit of the phenomenon called laser. Lasers bring together a group of devices with very diverse characteristics, enabling applications in many fields of medicine. Wavelength defined by an active medium, coherence, collimation and monochromaticity predisposes lasers to a single technically unique selective influence of various tissues with their great energy. This enables a device belonging to a group of lasers to crush kidney stones, as well as evaporate a cornea or cut enamel. Objectives of the work. Our objective was to determine the benefits of laser medicine to minimize invasiveness in...
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