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Matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: occurrence, evaluation, and their elimination
Svoboda, Pavel ; Nováková, Lucie (advisor) ; Švec, František (referee) ; Havliš, Jan (referee)
Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Pavel Svoboda Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Lucie Nováková, Ph.D. Advisor: RNDr. Hana Vlčková, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: occurrence, evaluation, and their elimination The dissertation thesis deals with the issue of matrix effects in analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). LC-MS represents a well-established, widely used, and powerful tool in the field of qualitative and quantitative analysis of a wide range of different compounds. Despite all the advantages offered by LC-MS such as sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness, it suffers from a major drawback represented by matrix effects. This undesirable phenomenon affects important parameters of LC-MS method such as accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. Therefore, an evaluation of these effects should be involved in validation of every single LC-MS method and their source should be eliminated. The assessment is generally performed by qualitative and quantitative approaches such as post-extraction addition, post-column infusion, and comparison of slopes of calibration curves. The matrix effects can be reduced or...
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Matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: occurrence, evaluation, and their elimination
Svoboda, Pavel ; Nováková, Lucie (advisor) ; Švec, František (referee) ; Havliš, Jan (referee)
Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Pavel Svoboda Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Lucie Nováková, Ph.D. Advisor: RNDr. Hana Vlčková, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: occurrence, evaluation, and their elimination The dissertation thesis deals with the issue of matrix effects in analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). LC-MS represents a well-established, widely used, and powerful tool in the field of qualitative and quantitative analysis of a wide range of different compounds. Despite all the advantages offered by LC-MS such as sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness, it suffers from a major drawback represented by matrix effects. This undesirable phenomenon affects important parameters of LC-MS method such as accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. Therefore, an evaluation of these effects should be involved in validation of every single LC-MS method and their source should be eliminated. The assessment is generally performed by qualitative and quantitative approaches such as post-extraction addition, post-column infusion, and comparison of slopes of calibration curves. The matrix effects can be reduced or...
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Matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: occurrence, evaluation, and their elimination
Svoboda, Pavel ; Nováková, Lucie (advisor) ; Švec, František (referee) ; Havliš, Jan (referee)
Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Pavel Svoboda Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Lucie Nováková, Ph.D. Advisor: RNDr. Hana Vlčková, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: occurrence, evaluation, and their elimination The dissertation thesis deals with the issue of matrix effects in analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). LC-MS represents a well-established, widely used, and powerful tool in the field of qualitative and quantitative analysis of a wide range of different compounds. Despite all the advantages offered by LC-MS such as sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness, it suffers from a major drawback represented by matrix effects. This undesirable phenomenon affects important parameters of LC-MS method such as accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. Therefore, an evaluation of these effects should be involved in validation of every single LC-MS method and their source should be eliminated. The assessment is generally performed by qualitative and quantitative approaches such as post-extraction addition, post-column infusion, and comparison of slopes of calibration curves. The matrix effects can be reduced or...
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Economic and social aspects of overindebtedness of households in Czech Republic after 2000
Švec, František ; Jílek, Josef (advisor) ; Řežábek, Pavel (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of excessive debt of households. In the first part the analysis of development of indebtedness of households was made and it was found out, that consumer loans are the most risky. Consumer loans are associated with the highest ratio of defaulting loans and are the leading cause of bankruptcies of individuals in the Czech Republic. The following chapter analyzes institutional environment of credit market and detects current weaknesses. These weaknesses consist in insufficient oversight of nonbank provider of consumer loans, absence of upper limit of annual percentage rate for consumer credit and credit availability to risk groups of households. Another cause of overindebtedness of households is insufficient financial literacy in Czech Republic. The reduced consumption has been identified as the most significant impact of overindebtedness of households. It is caused by transferring funds from households with a higher propensity to consume to households with a lower propensity to consume. Lower household consumption leads also to lower government revenue collected through the value added tax. Another economic impact we can see for example in increasing poverty of households, increasing criminality, higher government spending on health care or potential political radicalization. The thesis results are proposals of legislative measures that would mitigate the economic impact of overindebtedness of households. These measures lie primarily in the regulation of consumer credit market and greater consumer protection. The specific options are an extension of supervision by the Czech National Bank on nonbank providers of consumer loans, determining the upper limit of annual percentage rate, more thorough application of the legal obligation to examine the ability of borrowers to repay loans. Another option is to reduce the limit of 30 % of paid-up commitments in insolvency law.
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The impact of general literacy on rate of overindebtedness of persons
Švec, František ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Rod, Aleš (referee)
The work examines the impact of general literacy, for which as a proxy variable level of completed education was elected, on the rate of debt of insolvent persons and their subsequent entry into insolvency proceedings. The research was conducted using a regression model expressing the causal relationship between the amount of the debt of insolvent persons, education level and other control variables. In the models data of 200 people who asked for enter into insolvency proceedings were used. These data were collected by insolvency administrators and also advisors for borrowers Ing. Vladimír Švec and Ing. Pavel Moc. The work also reveals other determinants influencing the debt of insolvent persons, both using a model and comparing the characteristics of over-indebted persons and a population of Czech Republic. It proves that the rate of debt of insolvent persons increases with increasing level of education. It was also proved that with increasing level of education the probability of over-indebtedness of people and their entry into insolvency proceedings decreases. As a byproduct of my thesis the relation between the rate of debt of insolvent persons and gender, age, marital status and income was revealed.
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