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Representative Problems Faced by Beginning Teachers of Russian and Czech
Šimková, Kateřina ; Rozboudová, Lenka (advisor) ; Konečný, Jakub (referee)
The theoretical part focuses on the aspects of the teaching profession and teacher's competencies, followed by a description of beginning teachers of the Czech language and Russian as a second foreign language. This thesis also summarises the most common problems faced by these teachers. In the practical part, these problems are compared by a semi-structured interview with beginning teachers. In these days, beginning teachers of Czech and Russian are faced with problems related to the integration of arrived Ukrainian pupils in the context of the war in Ukraine. Most respondents point to the same gaps in the university preparation, namely the problematic form of internships, teaching of professional subjects, didactics, pedagogy and psychology. As for the introduction to the position, the most common form of support is the introducing teacher, who was assigned to most of the respondents, but cooperation was often formal or otherwise dysfunctional. Beginning teachers of Czech and Russian have the same issues with the textbook series, that they must use, and with the pupil evaluation. Compared to beginning teachers of Russian, beginning teachers of the Czech language face more challenges in identical areas (e.g. discipline, preparation time, communication with parents) and higher demands are placed on...
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The setting-up of an environmental garden in a nursery school for children with SEN and its practical use
ŠIMKOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with a set up of an environmental garden in a nursery for children with special needs. The theoretical part describes preschool settings for children with special needs, forms of education and specifics of a game of children with special needs. Furthermore, it outlines the Framework Education Programme for Preschool Education with an emphasis on environmental education. This thesis specifies the goals of the Framework Educational Programme feasible in a school garden. The benefits of spending time in the nature for preschool children's holistic development are described, followed by the history of school gardens. The practical part consists of the setting up of an environmental garden for the nursery Riegrova 1 in České Budějovice and the methodology of using the garden for educational purpose.
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Detection and quantification of maternal RNA localization during early development
Šimková, Kateřina ; Šindelka, Radek (advisor) ; Frolíková, Michaela (referee)
The asymmetric localization of maternal RNAs and proteins is a crucial mechanism for the body plan development in many animal species. These maternal factors are expressed during the oogenesis and they are used for the regulation of early developoment. In this diploma thesis, I addressed the role of asymmetrically localized RNAs along animal- vegetal axis in the early development of Ambystoma mexicanum. The second part of my thesis is focused on RNA localization in dorso-ventral and left-right axes. I identified the localization patterns of many known RNAs along the animal-vegetal axis using RT-qPCR and I also detected several genes, which can be involved in the dorso-ventral or lef-right patterning. Furthermore, we performed transcriptome wide analysis, which revealed changes classified into the following categories: RNAs relocalization, de novo synthesis before the onset of MBT and RNAs degradation during early development. Many vegetally localized genes in Xenopus laevis with the important role in the development of primordial germ cells have been previously described. Surprisingly, my results show that many of these genes are degraded during the early development of A. mexicnum. I believe that this degradation may be due to a different mechanism of PGC development in A. mexicanum and X. laevis....
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Waterworlds of Nové Mlýny: Ethnography of winemakers and climate change
Šimková, Kateřina ; Zandlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Halbich, Marek (referee)
This master thesis addresses issues reflecting the socio-natural aspects of draught, one of the devastating consequences of climate change which increasingly affects the Czech Republic. This work uses a field research facility located around reservoirs Nové Mlýny and views it within the waterworlds concept, a term established by authors Kristen Hastrup and Fridy Hastrup. Ethnographic research shows the impact of water and its scarcity on the landscape, local inhabitants and their relationships and practices. A particular focus is given to wine growers and their understanding of draught, climate change and ways for adopting good practices in an area which is gradually drying out. Furthermore, it captures the transformation of practices related to the maintenance of a vineyard and maps individuals affected by the problems of draught in that area. Key words: Ethnography, draught, climate change, waterworlds, water, reservoirs Nové Mlýny, viniculture
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Infant and toddler nutrition
Šimková, Kateřina ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Hrnčířová, Dana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the subject of infant and toddler nutrition. These stages of child development correspond to the period from birth to age three, and the establishment of healthy nutrition and eating habits is fundamental, because it may have a lifelong impact. The practical part of this thesis aimed to examine the compliance of parents with guidelines on breast-feeding and the introduction of complementary feeding, to determine toddlers' actual intake of calories and macronutrients, and to assess the frequency of consummation and amounts of sweet foods and drinks. Based on this data, it was tested whether the intake of calories, macronutrients and sugar had an influence on the body mass index (BMI) or weight-for-length ratio. The information was collected using a questionnaire filled by parents of 22 children hospitalized in the Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders of the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague. The results showed that the majority of parents followed the guidelines in the length of exclusive breast-feeding and a period of introduction of complementary feeding. The dietary records revealed that almost all toddlers involved in this study had an excessive intake of proteins and sugars....
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Induction of left-right asymmetric gene expression by extracellular fluid flow in ventral node
Šimková, Kateřina ; Vegrichtová, Markéta (advisor) ; Mašek, Jan (referee)
Left-right asymmetry determines the orientation of visceral organs during gastrulation in the mouse embryo. The asymmetry originates in ventral node which is located on the anterior end of primitive streak. Cells of the ventral node possess motile nodal cilia. These cilia rotate and generate leftward flow of extra-embryonic fluid. The leftward flow initiates asymmetric expression of Nodal signalling pathways in nodal cells. Abnormal nodal flow and the interruption of asymmetric gene expression cause reversal arrangement of visceral organs, called situs inversus. The mechanosensing and chemosensing models are the main theories addressing the question of how the leftward nodal flow is sensed by nodal cilia. The mechanosensing model, also referred to as 'two cilia model', is based on two types of cilia, motile and immotile. Motile cilia generate nodal flow while immotile cilia act as mechanosensors with polycystin cation channels. According to the chemosensing model, morphogens are secreted and form gradient that induces asymmetric gene expression in the node. It is still unclear which model is the right one, but it is possible that the final model is combination of both.
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Annotated Czech Translation of Selected Chapters from Dyšev, S.: Vory v zakone i avtoritety. Moskva: Eksmo, 2008. S. 2, 5-12, 20-28, 42-46.
Šimková, Kateřina ; Rosová, Anna (advisor) ; Rubáš, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on translation of several selected chapters of the book Vory v zakone i avtoritety authored by Sergey Dyshev, accompanied by a scholarly translatological commentary to this translation. This commentary includes a translation analysis of the source text, a description of the translation process, a selection of a translation method, a categorization of translation shifts and last but not least, it covers strategy of solutions to various translation challenges.
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Truancy in high school
Šimková, Kateřina ; Komárková, Tereza (advisor) ; Kasíková, Hana (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to find out the occurrence and the main causes of pupils' truancy at secondary school and the overall description of this negative phenomenon. The thesis is a case study of a particular secondary school. The name of the secondary school is not mentioned in the thesis for ethical reasons. The diploma thesis is of a theoretical- empirical character. The thesis describes truancy as a socially pathological phenomenon and its definition is not missing here. The causes and factors of truancy are also mentioned in the theoretical part. The legislative framework, the solution of the truancy problem and mainly the prevention, which is a part of the thesis, are not left out. The methods of a questionnaire and interview were used in the empirical part of the thesis. In the empirical part there is a subsequent evaluation, analysis and evaluation of the overall situation of the truancy occurrence at a particular secondary school. The research respondents were both pupils and teachers of the relevant secondary school.
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Working with Low Achieving Readers in the Third Class of Elementary School
ŠIMKOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis deals with the issue of low achieving readers and appropriate corrective approaches. The theoretical part addresses in detail the characteristics and difficulties of low achieving readers as well as suitable corrective action. In the research part pupils are divided into groups according to their shortcomings and in each group the pupil´s qualitative and quantitative errors in their reading performance are analyzed and then a corrective action is proposed. The research survey is carried out using comprehensive reading diagnostics for pupils in the third class at elementary school.
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