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Nanostructured materials based on metal oxides - structure and thermal stability
Václavů, Tereza ; Kužel, Radomír (advisor) ; Čapková, Pavla (referee) ; Klementová, Mariana (referee)
Title: Nanostructured materials based on metal oxides - structure and thermal stability Author: Tereza Václavů Department: Department of Condensed Matter Physics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Radomír Kužel, CSc. Abstract: The structure and temperature stability of two nanocrystalline ma- terials were studied. First, titanate nanotubes prepared by hydrothermal synthesis were studied from room temperature up to 1000 ◦ C in air and helium atmospheres and in vacuum with the aid of in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and calorimetry combined with electron microscopy. The nanotubes exhibit different behavior and structure transformations during heating in different atmospheres. A difference between vacuum and He atmosphere was observed; also a different final product was observed after annealing: In air, the nanorods disintegrated to nanoparticles, whereas in vacuum nanowires formed. The second material studied was a nanocrystalline particle system with an iron core protected against oxidation by an oxide layer. The structure of these nanoparticles was determined by XRD and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The tem- perature stability and induced transformations of these samples were studied by in situ XRD and X-ray small-angle scattering (SAXS). The long-time stability of the structure of these nanoparticles was studied as well;...
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2D structures based on metal phosphonates; relationships between arrangement and properties studied by molecular simulations methods
Škoda, Jakub ; Pospíšil, Miroslav (advisor) ; Čapková, Pavla (referee) ; Praus, Petr (referee)
This work deals with the structural analysis of layered zirconium sulfophenylphosphonates and their intercalates with the use of the classical molecular simulation methods. The inner composition of both fully and partially sulfonated layers was determined in agreement with available experimental data, especially chemical analysis, thermogravimetric measurements and X-ray diffraction. The calculations revealed the positions of the water molecules in the planes of sulfo groups which strongly affect the resultant diffraction pattern. Within the zirconium sulfophenylphosphonate layered structure, the arrangements of intercalated species based on optically active dipyridylamine molecules and cations of sodium, copper and iron were solved with the respect to the agreement with experimental results and values of potential energy. In case of the dipyridylamine molecules and its derivatives, the resultant disordered partially row arrangements of the organic molecules in the interlayer were showed to influence the dipole moment of the intercalate. From this point of view, nitro-derivative has been picked out as the most suitable for potential applications. Regarding the intercalated cations, sodium cations take up the space of water molecules next to the sulfo groups while copper and iron cations are distributed in a...
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Legal Protection of Animals, Focusing on Livestock and Furbearers
Čapková, Petra ; Derlich, Stanislav (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
Legal Protection of Animals, Focusing on Livestock and Furbearers The diploma thesis titled "Legal Protection of Animals, Focusing on Livestock and Furbearers" provides a comprehensive overview of current framework of the legal protection of animals in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into seven chapters and several sub-chapters. The initial chapters present information on the historical tendencies and philosophical bases of animal protection, as well as on the development of the perceiving of animals as subjects of law, which has over several centuries formed into our contemporary idea of an animal, its protection and legal standing. Crossing over from international and European legal sources, the thesis gradually shifts its focus on Czech legislature which has undergone marked changes over the last year, namely through the amendment 246/1992 Sb. aimed at eliminating animal abuse. Constituting a key aspect of the work, specific terminology is discussed in chapter 3. Terms such as animal or abuse are clarified consulting the law. As the title makes evident, the pivotal chapters of the thesis provide a more detailed delineation of the legal regulations concerning livestock and furbearers. Individual sub- chapters then discuss the particularities of their breeding, welfare, transportation...
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2D structures based on metal phosphonates; relationships between arrangement and properties studied by molecular simulations methods
Škoda, Jakub ; Pospíšil, Miroslav (advisor) ; Čapková, Pavla (referee) ; Praus, Petr (referee)
This work deals with the structural analysis of layered zirconium sulfophenylphosphonates and their intercalates with the use of the classical molecular simulation methods. The inner composition of both fully and partially sulfonated layers was determined in agreement with available experimental data, especially chemical analysis, thermogravimetric measurements and X-ray diffraction. The calculations revealed the positions of the water molecules in the planes of sulfo groups which strongly affect the resultant diffraction pattern. Within the zirconium sulfophenylphosphonate layered structure, the arrangements of intercalated species based on optically active dipyridylamine molecules and cations of sodium, copper and iron were solved with the respect to the agreement with experimental results and values of potential energy. In case of the dipyridylamine molecules and its derivatives, the resultant disordered partially row arrangements of the organic molecules in the interlayer were showed to influence the dipole moment of the intercalate. From this point of view, nitro-derivative has been picked out as the most suitable for potential applications. Regarding the intercalated cations, sodium cations take up the space of water molecules next to the sulfo groups while copper and iron cations are distributed in a...
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Structural study of nanocrystalline titanium oxide films and their temperature stability
Chlanová, Lea ; Kužel, Radomír (advisor) ; Čapková, Pavla (referee) ; Ganev, Nikolaj (referee)
Title: Structural study of nanocrystalline titanium oxide films and their temperature stability Author: Lea Chlanová Department: Department of Condensed Matter Physics Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Radomír Kužel, CSc., Department of Condensed Matter Physics Abstract: TiO2 thin films can exhibit photocatalytic activity and photoinduced su- perhydrophilicity depending on crystallinity, phase composition and mi- crostructure. These parameters were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and reflectivity (XRR) for magnetron deposited films - nanocrystalline and amorphous, namely their temperature and time evolution. For nanocrystalline films, it was found that higher partial oxygen pressure during the deposition is beneficial. Small anatase crystallites were stable up to about 450 ◦ C. Depth-profiling XRD of some samples revealed that rutile phase was only present close to the substrate. For amorphous films it was found that the crystallization depends strongly on the film thickness and it is slower for very thin films. Evolution of the intensities of anatase diffraction peaks with annealing time could be described by a modified Avrami equation. XRD profile was relatively narrow from the very be- ginning of crystallization (at about 220 ◦ C), which indicated relatively larger crystallites (> 100 nm), and hence, nanocrystalline films...
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Phytoestrogens in the food and their connection to arising of the cancer of breast and of sex organs
Čapková, Petra ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Estrogens and progestins are female hormones. Thanks to their binding to the estrogen receptor they induce gene expression and thus the response of the organism. They are responsible only not for physiological effects such as bone metabolism, menstrual cycle but they play a role also in the pathogenesis of tumours of the breast and genital organs. The production of endogenous substances, receptors or enzymes which are called tumore markers can be characteristic of tumor growth. Breast and endometrial cancer can be both estrogen dependend and estrogen independent. The increased expression of estrogen or progesterone receptors can be detected in the hormone dependent breast cancer. There are big diferences between the incidence of breast, ovary and endometrial cancer in developed countries (USA, Europe) compared with Japan. This may be because the Japanese population consumes foods with higher content of soybean. Soy is rich in phytoestrogens. They are active plant substances that, among other plants, are found in the red clover, linseed and soybeans. Phytoestrogens can be divided to isoflavones, lignans, coumenstans and stilbens. Their effects are similar to the 17β-estradiol. We can classify them as so-called natural selective estrogen receptor modulators. They have a wide range of effects. They...
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Psychological theory of vision
Čapková, Pavlína ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor)
The topic of these master theses is visual shape perception, or more specifically: perception of orthogonal geometrical figures inspired by architectural design. The theoretical base of the project is psychological theory of visual perception - mainly contemporary informational approach - and the concept of figural goodness in psychology, aesthetics and theory of architecture. The practical part of the project is an experimental research on shape preferences of 61 experimentees. The experimental stimuli were thirty pairs of slightly different geometrical figures, the experimentee was to choose "the better shape of the couple".
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Malé a střední podnikání v odvětví zemědělství
Capková, Pavlína
This thesis deals with the issue of subsidies for small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector. The main objective is to demonstrate the importance of subsidies and their impact on financial results. Application will be made on practical examples of small enterprises - cooperative farm and private farm, and medium-sized enterprise - school farm Žabčice. To achieve results, there was used secondary data which was obtained from the Czech Statistical Office, Eurostat and the Ministry of Agriculture. The operational objective was the analysis of income, costs and revenues from plant and animal production of the given companies in the year 2013. Within the crop production, there was analyzed wheat, barley and canola. Within the animal products, there were analyzed fattening bulls. Based on the results of the analysis the necessity of subsidies has been demonstrated.
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