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Influence of Plasma-nitriding on Fatigue Life of High-strength Steels under Biaxial Loading
Major, Štěpán ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Růžička,, Milan (referee) ; Obrtlík, Karel (referee) ; Pokluda, Jaroslav (advisor)
This work deals with fatigue life and fractographycal analysis of plasma-nitrided and virgin specimen made of the low-alloy high-strength steel. Specimens were subjected to in-phase combined bending-torsion loading. The work is focused on three groups of problems. The first group of problems was associated with the fatigue life and its prediction. The objective was to examine a relationship between the presence of the nitrided layer and fatigue life. The application of surface layers has significantly improved the fatigue life in the high-cycle region. An extended comparison between classical and advanced multiaxial criteria was performed. Criterions proposed by Marin and Matake were found to be most precise. The second objective of this work was to examine a relationship between the loading ratio ( is the bending amplitude and is the torsion amplitude ) and the fracture surface topography in the highcycle fatigue. Properties of fracture surfaces were quantified by many roughness and fractal parameters. Many roughness parameters start to incrise rapidly above a critical value of the loading ratio zc = 0,5. The last part of this work deals with the fractographical analysis of fish-eye cracks that were formed in plasma-nitrided steel specimens under symetrical bending, symetrical torsion and biaxial in-phase bending-torsion combinations.
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Structural and Mechanical Characteristics of Nickel-Alloyed Ductile Cast Iron
Tesařová, Hana ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Kruml, Tomáš (referee) ; Konečná,, Radka (referee) ; Pacal, Bohumil (advisor)
The aim of this dissertation work is the evaluation of the influence of nickel alloying on the structure and mechanical properties, both monotonic and dynamic, of nodular cast iron with ferritic and bainitic matrix. Two chock melts with 0.5 and 2.7 % Ni were used to study the nickel influence. The quantitative evaluation of structure of these melts using image analysis was done and basic tensile mechanical properties were determined. Subsequently, the time optimization of two-stage ferritic annealing and isothermal austempered heat treatment at 375 °C was performed with the aim to obtain optimal ferritic and bainitic structures with best static and dynamic mechanical properties. After ferritic annealing the nickel alloying contributes to substitution hardening of ferritic matrix which positively affects its strength and other mechanical properties. The higher nickel content in the bainitic structure causes the shift of phase transformation times to longer times which results in restricted production of small carbides and in bigger volume of retained austenite. These features were confirmed by observation in transmission electron microscope. Precise tensile and low cycle fatigue tests at temperatures 23 and – 45 °C were performed on the optimized structures of both nodular cast irons. As a result of the notch effect of graphite nodules, microplastic deformation of both nodular cast irons was observed at stresses which were lower than the yield stress. The Hollomon's equation very well describes the individual parts of tensile curves for both nodular cast irons including their mutual comparison. From the low cycle fatigue tests, the cyclic hardening/softening curves, the evolution of elastic modulus and hysteresis loop shape parameters, cyclic stress-strain curves and fatigue life curves were obtained for both temperatures and materials. Moreover, the decrease of retained austenite volume was measured by neutron diffraction and the evolution of surface relief was characterized during cyclic straining for both austempered nodular cast irons at both temperatures. On the basis of these results both cyclic plasticity and fatigue degradation mechanisms in relation to the cyclic strain localization were described for both nodular cast irons.
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Study of the properties of hyperpolarized xenon-129 for magnetic resonance imaging
Rychnovský, Jan ; Nováková,, Sabina (referee) ; Kohout,, jJaroslav (referee) ; Bartušek, Karel (advisor)
Produkce hyperpolarizovaných plynů, především helia (3He) nebo xenonu (129Xe), nachází stále rostoucí rozsah aplikací v zobrazování magnetickou rezonancí (MRI). Helium ani xenon nejsou obyčejně obsaženy v těle a experimenty tedy nejsou ovlivněny nechtěným signálem z okolních tkání. Ukázalo se, že několika hyperpolarizačními technikami může být magnetická polarizace (magnetizace) jader vzácných plynů zvýšena na hladinu, se kterou jsou praktické aplikace proveditelné. Hyperpolarizované plyny mohou tedy být užitečným nástrojem pro neinvazivní zkoumání lidského dýchání, dovolující statické zobrazování během zadržení dechu nebo zkoumání dynamiky výdechu nebo nádechu, nebo funkčního zobrazování. V neživé přírodě, mohou být hyperpolarizovaný plyny využity jako kontrastní látka při studiu mikroporézních materiálů, jako jsou zeolity, stavební látky a hmoty, atd. V této doktorské práci je popsán vývoj a konstrukce aparatury pro hyperpolarizaci xenonu (izotopu 129Xe). Nákup hyperpolarizovaného xenonu od jiných výzkumných center v zahraničí a jeho dovážení by ovšem nebylo efektivní a to zejména z důvodu náročnosti zajištění potřebných fyzikálních podmínek pro přepravu hyperpolarizovaného plynu. Toto bylo hlavní motivací k vývoji vlastní technologie pro přípravu hyperpolarizovaného xenonu. Se zvládnutou technologií by bylo možné navázat spolupráci s medicínskými zařízeními, nebo s týmy zabývající se živou nebo neživou přírodou (např. při studiu mikroporézních materiálů, gelů, v zemědělských aplikacích nebo při výzkumu využívajících zvířat, atd.). Cílem této práce je studium teorie hyperpolarizovaných vzácných plynů se zaměřením na 129Xe a experimentální ověření a změření relaxačních časů pomocí jaderné magnetické rezonance. Vzhledem k tomu, že je možné hyperpolarizované vzácné plyny skladovat pro pozdější využití, se tato práce také zabývá možnostmi zásobníku hyperpolarizovaného vzácného plynu a jeho teoretickým a experimentálním řešením. V této práci jsou popsány především dva základní typy experimentů přípravy hyperpolarizovaného xenonu. V obou jsou využity zatavené válcové skleněné vzorky naplněné xenonem a doplňujícím plynem – dusíkem, heliem. První z experimentů se zabývá měřením vlastností termálně polarizovaného xenonu a druhý měřením vlastností hyperpolarizovaného xenonu. Pro hyperpolarizaci 129Xe bylo použito výkonového laseru a experimentálně byla zkoumána jednak míra polarizace na základě změny spektrální hustoty čerpacího laserového svazku a dále pak optimální doba optického čerpání 129Xe a relaxační časy xenonu.
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The Effect of Temperature Annealing on Structure-Property Relationship of Oriented Polypropylene
Sadílek, Jiří ; Jančář, Josef (referee) ; Kohout,, Jan (referee) ; Hell,, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kučera, Jaroslav (advisor)
The aim of this work is to study the effect of thermal history to structure and properties not only of oriented polypropylene monofilaments with different orientation but of course of isotropic non-oriented polypropylene. Term thermal history includes thermal regimes from alpha relaxation temperature (T?) to melting temperature (Tm). This work consists of three parts. The changes of dynamic mechanical properties, strength, deformation and tensile modulus of polypropylene samples according to annealing temperature (Ta) are described in the first part of this work. In the second part, the changes of crystal phase are observed. Preferentially, calorimetric behaviour (DSC), changes of crystal dimensions and orientation function of crystal phase (X-ray) are observed. Measured values from the first and the second part of this work were used for calculation of total orientation function of PP samples. Rheological measurements are shown in the third part of this thesis. Rheological measurements consist of short isothermal creep, shrinkage of free tapes and static deformation at higher temperatures. Measured rheological values were performed using rheological models. Using these models characteristics of entropic spring, instantaneous elasticity and viscosity and tendency to get to state of ease were calculated.
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Structure and fatigue properties of selected titanium alloy
Prudíková, Alena ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
Main topic of the thesis was to evaluate fatigue properties of the titanium alloy Ti-A13-V2,5, labelled by ASTM as Grade 9. Most attention was focused on fatigue behaviour of the alloy in the range of high cycle fatigue. Fatigue testing was realised to detect the fatigue properties and consequently to generate the Wöhler curve and the Haigh diagram. In addition to this, tension and bending tests were performed. Metallographic and fractographic analyses of fatigue fracture form part of the overview about material properties, which was accomplished by use of REM. Experimental part of the thesis was backed by the literature research. The first half of it contains a short summary of basic information about the titanium and its alloys, so as some chapters about the history and properties of titanium, the way of its production, classification of titanium alloys and its thermic treatment. The fatigue is thoroughly scrutinised in the second half of the background research. Here can also be found the information about the fatigue process, its stages, the fatigue life and the most significant attributes of the fatigue fracture. The last chapters of the thesis are dedicated to the alloy Ti-A13-V2,5 - being examined in the experimental part - so as to its fatigue properties. The main benefit of this thesis is the completion of the missing information concerning the fatigue behaviour of the alloy, which is – according to the literature research - generally not available.
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Haigh diagram of selected spring steel
Zejdová, Lucie ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
This master’s thesis focuses on the fatigue properties of spring steel 54SiCrV6. The theoretical part deals with the properties and use of spring steel and metal response to cyclic loading. The main aim of this work was to obtain the basic mechanical properties as well as the hight cycle fatigue data. Additional metallographical evaluation of microstructure.
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Mechanical properties Al-alloy EN AW 7020 at increase temperatures
Slouka, Marek ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals with high strength aluminium alloys AlZn4Mg (EN AW 7020). This alloy is used for high strength, low density, a good corrosion resistant and a good weldability in protective atmospheres. At first this thesis is described to aluminium alloys, ways of manufacturing and history. Next this thesis mainly deals with wrought aluminium alloys, heat treatment this alloys and alloys Al-Zn-Mg. Tensile tests were made of alloys EN AW 7020 at room temperature and increased temperature. Next this alloy was made of fatigue test and metallographic analysis. The model was construct. This model describe to behaviour alloy at increased temperature and this model was compared with measure values. This thesis describe to behaviour of study alloy at room temperature and increased temperature.
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The Influence of the Isothermal Transformation Dwell on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of ADI
Falta, Petr ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
The thesis ,,The Influence of Transformation dwell on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of ADI´´ deals with problems of optimal properties of the unalloyed nodular cast iron, which are obtained by the heat treatment. The heat treatment consists of austenitization and then rapidly quenching to the transformation temperature, isothermal transformation and water cooling in the end. The aim of the thesis is focused on estimating the influence of isothermal transformation on the content of stabilized austenite, static mechanical properties and on the fatigue properties in high-cycle fatigue region for selected samples. The theoretical part of this work analyses the production of the nodular cast iron and its possibilities of the heat treatment, final technological and mechanical properties. Furthermore, it examines the conditions of austempering (temperature and time of isothermal dwell), which has a fundamental influence on mechanical properties of ADI. Problems of fatigue properties are described at the end of this part. The experimental part contains a chemical composition of studied samples and their metallographic analysis. Among others the basic mechanical static properties were determined as well as the Wöhler curves including values of fatigue limits for ten on seventh cycles. Wöhler curves were obtained by a mathematical processing using data reached by fatigue tests.
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Accuracy testing of mobile mapping system MOMAS
Nováčková, Soňa ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Hanzl, Vlastimil (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce the mobile mapping system MOMAS, which is owned by Geodis Brno, spol. s.r.o. and test the accuracy of the system. Perform data collection and processing of data in the workplace company Geodis. In addition, identical target points, determine their coordinates and compare them with the coordinates obtained MOMAS system. And finally processed statistically derived coordinate differences.
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OpenSSL-based client-server system
Kohout, Jaroslav ; Janovič, Filip (referee) ; Malý, Jan (advisor)
Aim of this diploma thesis is study of possibilities of OpenSSL extension in PHP environment and its implementation in securing client-server system example. This system will be use to store confidential data. Whole system will be exemplar of securing against scale of attacks leads to gain private data.
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