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Impact of urban sprawl on the environment and analysis of soil sealing along the D5 highway
Keprta, Antonín ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Sub/urbanization is one of the major factors affecting the environment. Moving population and economic activities to suburb isn't always an idyllic process, but often brings many difficulties. Impacts on the natural environment are often enormous. Degradation of air quality and water quality, soil sealing and soil degradation etc. are just some of the impacts of urban sprawl on the environment. Among others include homogenization of biota, landscape fragmentation, introduction of alien species, or light and noise pollution. Pressure on the agricultural land is made by large appropriation of land and through impervious surfaces. The study evaluates the appropriation of land along the D5 highway with areas of commercial sub/urbanization. Traffic routes through the perfect time availability are the places with the greatest concentration of commercial areas today. The study showed that new commercial areas are built on the most fertile soils. Therefore the question is whether the protection of soils in the Czech Republic is sufficient. Unfinished and often missing plans of territory make often the situation even worse. Keywords: sub/urbanization, urban sprawl, pollution, soil sealing, soil protection
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Mapping, dating and documentation of historcal landscape structures in the landscape of the Lower Doubrava region
Horák, Jan ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
This diploma theses is focused on a topic of mediaeval landscape and it's recognition and it's development. The studied area is in the lower Doubrava River and Klejnárka river region, eastwards of Kutná Hora. The work is based on an analysis of historical, archaeological and geographical data and on a fieldwork research of the selected historical landscape features (of natural and also artificial origin). The dam of pond "Svatoanenský rybník" (Nové Dvory u Kutné Hory cadastral area) was chosen for the fieldwork research and for the dating analysis. There were made five dug sampling sites through the dam and alluvial sediments beneath. The profiles were described and analyzed. There were taken samples for these analyses: radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) and heavy metal content assessment. The pond's origin is historically dated 1501 - 1552 AD. The dam was archeologically dated 15th century post quem (on the basis of pottery and glass sherds analysis). There was taken only one sample for 14 C dating from alluvial sediments. The result of dating by AMS method is 2070 +- 30 BP, but stratigraphically these sediments came from Middle Ages. This difference is cleared up by resedimentation of sampled wood. The analysis of OSL is still not finished. Most interesting results...
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Alpine treeline dynamics in relation to slope aspect, western Giant Mts.
Píro, Lukáš ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
In eight selected habitats in the Western Giant Mountains (area of peaks Kotel and Violík) was studied growth of individuals of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in ecotone of alpine treeline. There were selected four habitats in two locations (tree groups and close canopy forest) in the south exposition and four habitats in two locations in the north exposition. With use of size of radial growth and other dendrometrical characteristics was studied differences in growth of trees depend of slope exposition and location of the habitats (tree groups and close canopy forest). There were compiled the standard and residual chronologies. Further was studied the response function of radial growth and temperature characteristics, especialy mean temperature of growing season. It was found the positive a negative pointer years, representive years with extreme ring width, and response function of pointer years indexes and temperature characteristics. Last step was to analyze the tree age structure in studied habitats. There were found statistically significant differencies in radial growth between north and south slope exposition in the close canopy forest position in years 1959 - 1998, although radial growth on south side was larger all the spotted time. In tree groups was radial growth larger in north slope...
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Pedogenesis on Tertiary vulcanites in the Czech Republic
Krejčová, Soňa ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Janderová, Jana (referee)
The introductory part provides a relatively detailed description of andosols. It describes their classification according to WRB (2006) and under Slovak classification system (2000). Czech classification of andosol is not defined, because occurrence of these soils in Czech area was not confirmed. It is characterized andosol parent material, chemical and physical properties. There is also a chapter on extending andosol in the world and a summary of factors that influence the pedogenesis of these soils. The following section summarizes the research of volcanic and tectonic evolution of Eger Rift, which is linked to young volcanism in the country. The summary contains also a geological and geomorphological characteristics of the main young volcanic area the Czech Republic (České středohoří, Doupovské hory). To these characteristics I added another summary of Velký Roudný, because these area is by Czech soil scientists appropriate for the occurrence of andosol. We also conducted at the Velký Roudný own legwork. Literature contains a chapter devoted to current knowledge about andosol in the Czech and Slovak Republic. Describe the results of works of authors who have dealt with the issue andosol. The Czech experts that were mostly Holusa O. (2003) and Novák et al. (2010), the Slovak Balkovič (2002) and...
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Water retention in experimental waterbasins with focus on histosols
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is being written within the framework of the project GA UK 2371/2007 "Water retention in spring areas as a tool of integrated anti-floods protection and solution of problems with dryness" at the Institute of Physical Geography and Geoecology. The influence of histosols on retention, especially in the National Park of Šumava, is a delicate topic because of collision of nature protection and valuable biotopes preservation on one hand and countryside utilization for anti-floods protection on the other hand. The thesis follows the bachelor thesis "Water retention of histosols". It includes a detailed pedological analysis of the basins of 'Rokytka' and 'Černý potok'. The result of the thesis is water retention determination in the basins and calculation of overall soil retentive potential. The thesis also addresses the analysis of the influence of organic soil on retentive potential of countryside. Keywords: water retention, histosols
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Soil management of large investment projects on the example of the industrial zone Kolín - Ovčáry
Bejblová, Klára ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kuklík, Miloslav (referee)
The thesis deal with the soil sealing and the rehanding with the uncovering of soil cultural layers. This problem is describe on the example of the industrial zone Kolín - Ovčáry. In the thesis there is the evaluation of the soil characteristics and their changes in areas where due to the trensfer of the cultural layer was created completely new structure of soil cover compact of soil units with artificial stratigraphy of profile. For this area the new classification subsumtion is suggested. The overall impacat of the soilsealig and implementation of the uncovering of soil cultural layers, despite of local incerase of soil fertility parameters, we evaluate as the degradation of soil cover.
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Spatial Variability of Soil Texture in Selected Area of Alluvial Plain of Luznice
Dvořáková, Magdaléna ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Janderková, Jana (referee)
5 Summary Research part of this dissertation thesis begins with floodplain characteristics and describes concerned area in geographic, geologic, geomorphologic and pedologic connections. A chapter about nature conservation is included as all the area is situated in a natural reserve and protected landscape area. Next part of the dissertation describes characteristics of fluvisols and differences of insertion fluvisols in soil taxonomy systems. This part also involves a chapter dealing with questions of soil texture classification and particle size analysis. Materials and methods chapter contains field research and particle size analysis, in particualr pipette and sieve analysis and statistical survey of grain size data. Last part of the dissertation thesis presents field survey data which was complemented by data from VUMOP and ýVUT. Results of grain size analysis of twenty chosen samples are also included. Results of geostatistical data survey on concerned areas are depicted on maps which illustrate variation of soil texture. The end of this part summarizes a change proposal of environmental-soil unions' classification and rough calculation of retention capacity of the concerned area. Key words: fluvisol, floodplain, Lužnice, texture, retention
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PODZOLS OF LOWLANDS IN CZECHIA AND THEIR MEANING IN CARBON SEQUESTRATION
Freyerová, Kateřina ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee) ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor)
Non-boreal podzol is azonal type of podzols in lowlands of midlle latitude, for which is especially typical translocation of organics compounds from soil surface into spodic horizon. During this translocation a considerable accumulation of organic matter is developed. Carbon estimation in Czechia is executed in depth upper 30 cm only, and that is why the carbon pools are underestimated in podzols. In this bachelor thesis was executed general estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) by means of methods used in CzechCarbo project, which led to result of 56,4 tC/ha. This mass is equivalent to upper 30 cm layer. It means that if the spodic horizon is not included in SOC estimation, it could cause misrepresentation in soil organic carbon estimating. Keywords: podzols, soil organic matter, soil organic carbon, carbon sequestration, soil carbon estimating.
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Anthracological analysis of chernozems in Czechia
Danková, Lenka ; Zádorová, Tereza (referee) ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor)
This thesis deals with a pedogenesis of chernozems in Czechia (Central Europe). It solves a problem with open landscapes in Central Europe, further a role of man and fires in formation of this soils and relation between colour of chernozems and the content of black carbon. In my thesis is represented pedoanthracology as a method, which can be useful for future study of open landscapes in Central Europe and for an influence of man. In this thesis, there were also analysed two chernozemic soils with Raman spektrometry. It was found out, that chernozems was probably formed under forest-steppe vegetation with residue of post glacial steppe. Anthropogenic activity and fires could be new factors of pedogenesis of Central European chernozems. It was showed a strong relation between colour and content of BC. Raman spectrometry found a presence of BC in our analysed soils.
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