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Jews in Finland during World War II
Dvořáková, Jana ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Ebelová, Ivana (referee)
Before and during World War II there was almost no Anti-Semitism in Finland, and in fact, the Finnish government refused to condone the Nazis' anti-Jewish platform. When Finland also refused to cooperate with the Soviet Union in late 1939, Soviet troops attacked Finland. As equal Finnish citizens, the country's Jews joined the army to fight the Soviets; some 15 were killed and many others were wounded. After holding out for several months, Finland surrendered to the Soviet Union in March 1940 and was forced to hand over some of its territory to the Soviets. In 1941 German troops came to Finland; Finland then joined Germany as its ally in the attack on the Soviet Union in order to recapture the land it had lost to the Soviets in the Winter war. Some 300 Jews (Finnish citizens and refugees from other countries) served in the Finnish army during the Continuous war. The German authorities requested that the Finnish government hand over its Jewish community, but the Finns refused. Reportedly, when SS chief Heinrich Himmler brought up the "Jewish question" with Prime Minister Johann Wilhelm Rangell in mid-1942, Rangell replied that there was no Jewish question in Finland; he firmly stated that the country had but 2,000 respected Jewish citizens who fought in the army just like everyone else, and thus closed the...
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Old Czech glosses in the writings Or zarua and Arugat ha-bosem
Uličná, Lenka ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Sadek, Vladimír (referee)
České glosy v středověkých hebrejských spisech se doposud nesetkaly s patřičným zájmem české ani zahraniční bohemistiky; ten se zatím omezoval na všeobecné zmínky a pobídky k výzkumu. Na opomíjení tohoto bohatého lingvoliterárního materiálu poukazovala a poukazuje zejména česká hebraistika. Je zřejmé, že bohemistika se musí zabývat i texty psanými v jiných jazycích, než je čeština či slovanské jazyky: dnes již snad nikdo nepochybuje o zařazení latinských textů české provenience do dějin naší literatury, postupně přijímány jsou i texty psané německy mluvícími autory, hlásícími se k českému území a kultuře. Písemnictví česko-hebrejské, tedy texty psané hebrejským jazykem českými Židy, stojí doposud v pozadí. Hebrejské středověké spisy jsou nejen významnými literárními památkami z doby, z níž se do současnosti nedochovalo mnoho textů; jsou zároveň i nedoceněným pramenem poznání života tehdejších obyvatel Českého království, a to jak židovských, tak i nežidovských. Obzvlášť pozoruhodným aspektem těchto spisů je právě přítomnost českých, resp. jinojazyčných glos. Problémem byla a nadále zůstává jazyková bariéra: středověké hebrejské spisy především z oblasti rabínské literatury se sice ve světě od 19. století znovu vydávají, nikdo je však nepřekládá. 1.2 V předkládané práci se pokusím shrnout doposud publikované...
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Historical midrash Sefer Josipon (10th century). A critical analysis of the text
Křížová, Magdalena ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Oliverius, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis aims to summarize our existing knowledge about the time of composition and the litcrary context oť an important historiographical work oť the Middle Ages - the so-called Sefer .Josippon. The thesis is divided into three main parts: the tirst one is concerned with critical comparison oť di ťferent conjectures regarding the origins of the boo k, the second attempts to interpret tbc book ťrom the point oťthe history oťJewish literature ofthat period and the tinal part consists ofa C zech translation oť three short extracts of the boo k, that are chosen to demonstrate the styl i sti cal and artistic techniques of the author and his way oť handl ing with hi s literary sources. The tirst part starts with deťining the problem of the authorship of the book. We have shown that Seťcr .fosippon wasn't originally writtcn as pseudo-epigraphical book, but it was traditionally ascribed to Josephus Flavius (called here ,Joseph ben Gorion''. a mistake caused by misunderstandig oť.Josippon ·s sourccs) only later, while in thc original text oťthis chronicle often quotes Josephus as its primary source oť inťormation. The question oťthe causes and time ofthis ascribement has not been succesťully solved. since already in the I O th century the book i s refered to as .,book oť Joseph ben Corion"". This might possibly...
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Memoirs of Glikl of Hameln
Polišenská, Jana ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee)
This diploma thesis "Memoirs of Glikl of Hameln" is dedicated to life and work of Glikl bas Judah Leib, an Ashkenazi Jewish woman living in the years 1645(?) - 1724. The first part includes biography of Glikl and characteristics of the preserved text of her Memoirs. Glikl was born in Hamburg and there she spent a great deal of her life. Approximately in the age of 13 she was married to Hayim, with whom she lived through a long and happy marriage. She bore 14 children, out of which 12 reached the adult age. Glikl was also a very talented busenesswoman, she dealt with precious stones and other goods and she had a wide web of businness contacts. Her family belonged to the Ashkenazi elite of Hamburg. After her husband's death in the year 1689 she took over the family businness and since the year 1691 she has been writing her Memoirs ( .( In the year 1700 she married for the second time, left Hamburg and went to live with her husband Hirsh Levy to Metz (at that time French). Two years later Hirsh Levy went bankrupt and the couple was left penniless. In the year 1710 Glikl became a widow for the second time. She died in Metz aged approximately 78. The Memoirs of Glikl were written in several periods of time in the years 1691-1719 and they were destined only for family members, not for public. The original...
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Old Czech Glosses in Medieval Hebrew Rabbinic Writings
Uličná, Lenka ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Hoffmannová, Jana (referee) ; Oliverius, Jaroslav (referee)
of the dissertation Lenka Uličná This study aims to present and interpret the Old Czech (so-called Canaanic) glosses preserved in medieval Hebrew rabbinic writings Arugath ha-bosem by Abraham ben Azriel, Or zarua by Isaac ben Moses and in the commentary to the Mahzor Nuremberg. So far, linguistic analyses of this language material have been based on the editions. The present work analyzes manuscript versions of the glosses and significantly refines the research. We consider the so-called Canaanic glosses primarily as a sociolinguistic subject and this attitude influenced the selection of methods used in this study. Due to the character of the language material, we had to combine the sociolinguistic methods with methods of contrastive linguistics, paleographic methods and analytical methods of diachronic linguistics. The results of this analysis are presented in dictionary entries and they provide a basis for the following characterization of the so-called Canaanic language and its position towards the so-called Jewish languages on the one hand and towards the Czech language of the Christian majority, on the other. The gloss is i.a. a manifestation of bilingualism of the productor of the text. Being aware of the insufficiency of one language he tries to secure the understanding of a certain term in...
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Jewish Fables. Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan: "Mishle Shu'alim".
Hynková, Cecílie ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Oliverius, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the fable collection called Mishle Shu'alim, written by the Jewish author Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan who lived in the 12th/13th century either in France or in England. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the work along with the genre of the fable and its examples in Jewish literature of the Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Bible, Talmud, midrashic literature and a few of medieval scripts). The essential part of the thesis contains information about the author and all his works, characterization and analysis of the collection, and the list of the existing manuscripts, all known editions, and all translations of the collection or those of individual fables. Special attention is being paid to the Prague Jesuit edition of 1661. The thesis furthermore contains a commented translation of three selected fables.
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The Image of Eastern Jew in 20th Century Czech Jewish Journals (till 1938)
Fottová, Magdalena ; Holý, Jiří (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
This thesis focuses on the image of an Eastern Jew in Czech-Jewish and Zionist journals from 1910 to 1925 and its position in the identity of these groups. The analysis is based on fictional texts (both translations and originally Czech ones) with Eastern Jewish characters, which (considering their placement in official journals of the Czech-Jewish and Zionist institutions) presented a fictional world acceptable for the movement's ideology and co-created the image of Eastern Jew in their followers' collective memory. A description of the most frequent features of Eastern Jewish characters is supplemented by historical context and the journals' non-literary articles. Key words Eastern Jew, 1st World War, Jewish identity, assimilation, Zionism, Jewish journals, stereotypes, characters.
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Conversion to Judaism a Reflection to Jewish Oral Tradition and History
Mayer, Daniel ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee) ; Weis, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with conversion to Judaism from the point of view of the Jewish oral tradition and history. First part is focused on the general issue of conversions, laws and regulations of the Jewish law (Halakha) dealing with conversions, and views held by scholars belonging to the Talmudic period. Chronologically ordered sections follow, containing examples of conversions of both individuals and ethnic groups (Samaritans) of the Biblical period with an emphasis on their presence in written oral tradition, in Mishna, Gemarah and midrashes. Examples of converts of the Hellenic and Roman periods are presented in a similar fashion. This part is concluded with a chapter on converts in the Sassanid Babylonia. The thesis then presents examples of conversions from the late Hellenic period and early Middle Ages, including peripheral parts of the then know world - northern Africa, Ethiopia, Yemen and the Khazar Khaganate in the steppes along the Volga river. The last part of the thesis consists of examples of individual conversions to Judaism in the Europe of Middle Ages and the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Key Words: Judaism, conversion, converts, Halakha, oral tradition.
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The image of Tel Aviv in the poetry of Meir Wieseltier
Hametová, Zuzana ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Oliverius, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the image of the city of Tel Aviv as it is represented in the poetry of Meir Wieseltier, a contemporary Israeli poet. The main part of the thesis consists of the analysis of the individual poems dealing with Tel Aviv, with the emphasis on the diversity of the poet's Tel Aviv imagery. The thesis includes an introduction to the history of modern Hebrew poetry, and it also discusses the portrayal of Tel Aviv in the works of modern Israeli poets.
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The development of the Jewish community in Kolín in the 18th century. The population, crafts, administration in comparison
Věchetová, Zuzana ; Ebelová, Ivana (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
The comparison of two biggest jewish communities in the Czech country, Kolín and Libeň, show us in virtue of performed research the different making of them. On the one hand its population grew in the same way up. Many of the inhabitants come from other cities, mainly from Nový Bydžov and Praha, also some from Poland or Germany. On the other hand show the differents in crafts, taxes collection and administration. In Kolín were more tradesmen and merchants, in Libeň dominated the manufacturing of clothes. The real jewish ribbon manufacture in Libeň was established at the end of eighties of 18th century. Surprising is result of research the taxes. The Jews from Kolin, although they had less incomes, had to collect twice more contribution tax than the Jews from Libeň. The contribution tax rises about one third during the 18th century. The administration of Jews in Kolín was privileged due to direct management of Czech chamber. But the the economic situation was different, the Jews from Libeň were for Praha more important. The digest from reviewed sources perform the schedule of office holders, tables and graphs in supplement. Also the picture supplement is included.
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