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The hero and the image of nationalism in Colombia. The sculptures at Centennial Park and at the Park of Independence, (1883-1910).
Ramirez Bolivar, Juan Gabriel ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee) ; Damasceno, Cláudia (referee)
The hero and the image of nationalism in Colombia, The sculptures at "Parque del Centenario" (1883-1958). The main objective of this master thesis is to analyze and determine the relationship between the construction of the pantheon of heroes1 in Colombia and the attempt to consolidate a national identity in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. This problem is analyzed through a case study that focuses on a specific public space in Bogotá: "El Parque del Centenario". This space was built in 1883 for commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Simon Bolivar's birthdate. The research was conducted as an analysis that puts on dialogue different kinds of historical sources. Therefore, the use of images representing the monuments; maps and plans of the park and the city were; but above all, the main sources of analysis are newspapers and magazines which circulated between 1880 and 1958. The analysis of this case study is presented as a historical narrative that aims to provide relevant information about the construction and development of this public space. This text is divided into three chapters that chronologically follow the progress of the park. The first chapter covers the period between 1883 and 1910. This section focuses on the celebration of the centenary of Bolívar's birth. There will...
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Sociolinguistic perspective of bilingual communities in Mexico: the case of the ethnic group Rarámuri
Sosíková, Tereza ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
The thesis is based on an argument that the minority language Rarámuri, as well as other indigenous languages of Mexico, is found in unequal position to the Spanish language, coinciding with the indigenous communities' socioeconomic conditions in a comparison to the central majority of the Spanish-speaking population. The indigenous mother tongue is often percieved by its speakers as an obstacle for achieving a better socioeconomic situation and experiencing the modernized lifestyle of the majority. Often, it is one of the first cultural attributes that is being abandoned. The speakers of minority languages are also an object of the state's educational policies that are presented as supportive for vernacular cultures and languages, however they have mostly opposite effect, which reveals the fact their essential intention is an assimilation. In this study I focus on three aspects of this sociolinguistic issue: firstly, the general approach and educational politics of Mexican State in regard of indigenous population in the twentieth century. Secondly, the description of main extralinguistic factors that condition vitality of a language, in this case it is the Rarámuri language. And thirdly, a field work research of language situation in selected communities with different meassures of bilingualism....
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Politics of sustainable development in Ecuador in the context of the region of Latin America
Lhotáková, Zuzana ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee)
Zuzana Lhotáková: Policy of sustainable development in Ecuador in the context of the region of Latin America Abstract Sustainable development can be defined as a strategy that enables the long-term needs of humanity to be met within the limits of natural resources. Since ecosystems of global importance (Amazon rainforests) and rich deposits of natural resources are located in Latin America, future development of this region is going to have impact on planetary level. Ecuador as a developing country with extreme biodiversity and vast deposits of oil and metals is perfect object for my case study. Constitution of Ecuador (2008) recognizes "Mother Earth" as a subject of law with specific legal entitlements and promotes the pursuit of buen vivir2 as an obligation of state. The aim of the study was to analyze how several selected individuals in Ecuador who openly embrace the sustainable develompent or buen vivir concept perceive official state policies in this regard. The following aim was to evaluate how these implemented policies correspond with principles of sustainable development or buen vivir promoted in the Constitution. In my thesis I analyze the content of semi-structured interview and participant observation records which I have collected during my field research in Ecuador. The majority of interviewed...
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Ritual Decapitation in Mesoamerica
Baudiš, Adam ; Kostičová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
This master's thesis deals with sacrifice by decapitation. Its goal is to describe systematicaly this phenomenon which was widely practiced in the Mesoamerican area. To accomplish this there were firstly introduced the main interpretation lines of human sacrifice. The importance of maize for the Mesoamerican culture was described in the next chapter. The third part of this thesis introduces some Aztec festivities which are connected with ritual decapitation in Sahagún's Historia general. Then this thesis deals with the main aspects of the Mesoamerican ballgame and its connection with the story of the Hero twins from Popol Vuh is introduced here and analyzed. The fourth chapter describes the methods of ritual decapitation. It deals with the question of the fixation method described by Sahagún as "espaldas con espaldas" and the question of the ritual instrument which should have been used in this situation. Then it describes this method in the context of Maya sacrifices. The final part deals with the posthumous dealing with the head and the body of the sacrifices. Big part is given to the problem of tzompantli and the treating of the body. Two main techniques are presented here - skinning and ritual cannibalism. Then it describes the Maya techniques of treating the head which include storing skulls...
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Public Image of Spain Based on Travel Literature Published in 17th - 18th c. England
Branda, Martin ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze and interpret English travel accounts from 17th and 18th century concerning Spain. One of the texts is original English work, while the other was translated from French. Both of them were available to the contemporary English reader. The thesis analyzes these travel accounts and aims to define the image of Spain and its inhabitants, based on the data from both works. The main goal of this thesis is then to reconstruct the mental map of each traveller, based on the method of cognitive mapping. At the same time, the perceiving of the space, border and the concrete rating of places visited, is also stressed. The next objective of this work is to compare both travel accounts, or propose two different views of Spain during a given time span. Keywords: Image of Spain, travel accounts, Catherine Aulnoy, Robert Southey, mental map
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Comparison of the Decolonisation Process in Indonesia and Malaysia
Šebek, Ivo ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Janáč, Jiří (referee) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
The author of the submitted work compares the process of decolonization in Southeast Asia on the examples of Indonesia and the Federation of Malaya. Although both countries have much in common, culturally, historically, or geographically for example; the process of gaining independence from the colonial powers differed in many aspects. Text analyses probable reasons for these differences by comparative study of economic, social and political histories of both territories in the 19th and especially in the first half of the 20th century. Taking into account the extensive subject matter the analysis focuses only on selected areas that seem to be essential to the distinct development of decolonization in researched countries based on the existing literature. That involves particularly the approach of colonial countries (Great Britain and Netherlands), the course of World War II, solving the ethnical issue and the role of local political elites. This work also covers brief summary of economic and political development in the period preceding the declaration of independence. Key words: Decolonization Southeast Asia Indonesia Malayan federation colonialism
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Czech immigration to Chile in the first half of the 20th century
Klímová, Jana ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
Czech immigration to Latin America in the 20th century is relatively well-documented phenomena. Nevertheless it still opens up some areas that invites to detailed research. One of them is the Czech emigration to Chile in the first half of the 20th century. Due to the remoteness of the Chilean Republic immigration developed much later compared to the situation in traditional immigration countries that were mainly Argentina and Brazil. We can say it is the marginal area of the Czech migration although it is possible to find even in this small group of immigrants interesting life stories of Czechs that decided to try their luck in distant South America. This thesis aims to introduce main periods of the Czech immigration to Chile in the first half of the 20th century and to describe the life stories of Czechs who have left a significant legacy in Chilean society. Author also intends to focus on motives of choosing Chile as a final destination, Chilean migration policy in the particular periods and also to development of compatriots' activity in the areas of concentration of Czech citizens. Unfortunately there is not much literature related to this issue and that is why author will primarily derive from the archival sources of Chilean or Czechoslovak origin (Archive of the Czech Ministry of Foreign...
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Cultural identification of Peruvian village migrants in urban environment: Provincial clubs in Lima
Procházková, Dominika ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
The thesis is devoted to the topic of Peruvian rural migrants in the capital of Lima and the maintaining their cultural identity through associations focused on folklore. In the first part I will outline the socio-economic reasons for migration and the adaptation issues of migrants in an urban environment. There are also described associations that provide economic as well as psychological support to immigrants. The main part is focused directly on folklore as the basis of identity and folklore associations in Lima. I chose folklore associations from Puno as a representative sample because of their rich cultural activities. I will demonstrate how organizations work, who their members are and what activities they pursue. The conclusion questions the modern musical fusions in Peru and the future of the Andean culture in an urban environment.
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Tarahumaran Warfare in Colonial Sources
Černý, Martin ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
The goal of the thesis is to analyze war customs of Tarahumara people of northern Mexico during colonial era. The work focuses on technological aspects of warfare like weaponry, strategy and tactics, as well as social phenomenas like taking captives, using of witchcraft and role of violence in Tarahumara culture. 17th century conflicts are seen as part of the process, which has caused significant changes in tarahumaran perception of war an it's role in society. Analysis of this process is the another goal of this work. Further subject of interest are conflicts with the other native groups in the region and influence of tarahumara armed resistance to changes in attitude of colonial institutions. The work is based on sources of the ecclesiastical origin - reports, letters and chronicles of missionaries, as well as correspondence of viceroyal officials and records of military commanders operating in tarahumara region. Keywords: Tarahumaras, Northern Mexico, Warfare, 17th century, Viceroyalty of New Spain, Presidio Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Argentine Army as an economic factor
Daříčková, Eva ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee)
The doctoral thesis The Argentine Army as an Economic Factor focuses on civil-military relations that are key to understanding the history, the development of modern society, and even the reality of current Argentina. The main myth that characterizes Argentine history is that the interruption of the development of the democratic processes is due to military interventions. Both in Argentine society and in the international sphere, there is a purely negative opinion about the Argentine military, in particular related to the shock caused by the last military dictatorship. This sentiment still permeates the cultural and moral face of society. This paper offers another vision of the Argentine military and tries to contribute to overcome an overly simplified perception and the prejudice that derives from it. The first part of the paper examines the emergence of military power and the characteristics of the political system in the first half of the 20th century. This section points out the causes for which the Army overstepped its specific functions and entered into the political life of Argentina. The second part is devoted to the Argentine economic system and its characteristics, from its insertion in the global market and its development through the economic policies of various governments. This...
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