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The US Mediation of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict during the Obama Presidency: the Case of Unfulfilled Ambitions
Čurdová, Markéta ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
This thesis aims to explain the lack of success in US mediation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict during the Obama presidency. The US had a considerabe potential due to its capacity and resources available to bring the conflict parties to a settlement. The thesis focuses on the US internal dynamics and not external influences. Thus, the work analyzes the mediation procedure applied by the US, the exercise of leverage during the negotiations and the stance of the US Congress towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict resolution. The thesis answers subsequent questions. What mediating procedures were applied by the United States during the Obama presidency? Was leverage used? If yes, what forms of leverage were utilized? What were the issues at the core of the leverage exercise? Based on these questions, the thesis analyzes three hypotheses. Firstly, that the US acted primarily as facilitator of communication rather than formulator or manipulator. Secondly, it assumes that the US was not successful in the resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict due to a relatively scarce exercise of its leverage in the process of mediation. Lastly, it claims that the US Congress did not respond flexibly to the dynamics of the US foreign policy in the mediation of the Israeli- Palestinian conflict.
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The attitude of the European Union to the State of Israel
Kološová, Štěpánka ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis offers readers a comprehensive view of the developments that are related to and related to one of the most difficult understandable conflicts in the Middle East. Using a case study, I analyzed individual historical events that had an impact on the development of relations in the Middle East, but also changed the attitudes of European states, respectively, of the European Communities or the European Union. Before the analysis I made two research questions: "What is the relationship of the European Union to the State of Israel?" and "Which of the three basic theories based on the theory of international relations is best able to reflect the European Union's relationship with Israel?". By case study and research into the EU's attitudes and negotiations with Israel, I have found that relations between Europe and Israel can be characterized as very strong in the field of economic cooperation, but they are volatile in the political negotiations. It turned out that for the European states, the Middle East region was always very important in the direction of foreign policy or trade relations. Research has also shown that the best way to reflect the European Union's relationship with Israel can be through the liberal theory of international relations. This approach emphasizes respect for human...
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Collateral Proceedings
Beranová, Andrea ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Záhora, Jozef (referee) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
The doctoral thesis focuses on the part of criminal proceedings in which the court adjudicates the injured person's private claims which arose in connection with a criminal act (so-called collateral proceedings). The importance of collateral proceedings lies in the fact that by using it the injured party may avoid time-consuming, financially as well as procedurally demanding civil proceedings. However, the institute of collateral proceedings comprises a number of specific issues since a criminal court adjudicates the private claims of the injured party in compliance with substantive law rules being outside of the scope of criminal law (mainly civil law and labour law regulations) but, still, within the framework of criminal proceedings. The basic source of the submitted thesis is the Czech legal order. However, it is not the only one taken into consideration. The doctoral thesis also contains comparative analysis of legal regulation of collateral proceedings from the point of view of the German and Swiss legal orders. Following the analysis of collateral proceedings de lege lata, as well as the comparison with foreign models I am submitting proposals for the improvement of legislation that could be used in connection with the planned recodification of the Czech Criminal Procedure.
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The Evolution of EU Foreign Policy towards Israel: Wars in Gaza 2008/2009 and 2014
Zdrálek, Jan ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
The thesis concentrates on two phenomena: EU foreign policy and the EU-Israel relationship. As a result, the methodological approach is two-fold. The first focal point of the thesis is the evolution of EU foreign policy itself, especially concentrating on the situation before and after the Treaty of Lisbon came into effect on 1 December 2009. The second focal point of the thesis are two qualitative analyses of Operation Cast Lead (2008/2009) and Operation Protective Edge (2014) which compare the reactions of EU institutions with the reactions of two 'pro-Israel' EU member states (Germany and the Czech Republic) and two 'anti-Israel' EU member states (France and Sweden) to each conflict. The theoretical approach of the thesis is derived from the theory of normative institutionalism developed by Daniel C. Thomas. Based on this theory, the thesis argues that: [1] the increasing power of EU institutions has a mitigating effect on the sharp rhetoric of the member states; and [2] accentuated by the Lisbon Treaty reforms, institutionalism transforms the whole concept of EU foreign policy as individual member states perceive joint action as an intrinsic value and favour consistency and coherence in EU policy-making across time and issue-areas. Lastly, based on the qualitative analysis of the EU statements...
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Criminal Corporate Liability
Bohuslav, Lukáš ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Záhora, Jozef (referee) ; Sváček, Jan (referee)
The Criminal Corporate Liability The definition of legal person is not outlined in criminal law, but can be found in Section 18, Subsection 2 of the Civil Code. Corporate criminal liability is then a concept that has been newly introduced to the Czech statutory criminal law, what has caused a certain intrusion of the system of basic principles of criminal law, mainly the principle of individual criminal responsibility. The term "imputability" appears, which means that a conduct of agents or other persons designated in the Act on Criminal Liability of Legal Persons and Proceedings Against Them (further as "the Act") can be imputed to a legal person, if the physical person is culpable for the conduct and the conduct causes imputability of the criminal offence to the legal person. Intensive discussions on necessity and suitability of implementation of the concept of corporate criminal liability into the Czech legal system had preceded the adoption of the Act in 2011. Such discussion can now be considered as overcome, as it is obvious that the Czech Republic has opted for the direction towards the "true" corporate criminal liability. Arguments for and against the adoption of the Act can nevertheless help to better understand the concept itself, as well as the context in which it has been introduced. It...
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Analysis of the Official Israeli Discourse during the Second Intifada: Categorisation and Legitimisation
Záhora, Jakub ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Drulák, Petr (referee)
This thesis named "Analysis of the Official Israeli Discourse during the Second Intifada: Legitimization and Categorization" is concerned with discursive construction of Palestinian terrorism and Israeli security policies by Israeli officials in the period following 2000. The paper draws on works which refuse to perceive language as neutral communication means to describe the social reality, and instead approach it as a tool to impose and maintain social and political inequality and dominance of some groups over others. These theoretical foundations underpin the following research which examines legitimation strategies employed by Israeli officials in order to justify Israeli controversial measures aiming to quell Palestinian terrorism during the Second Intifada. The paper identifies several discursive schemes through which Israeli state representatives purported to legitimize Israeli security policies that were harshly criticized at the time. The basic strategy is to depict and categorize Israelis as peace yearning people who relentlessly offer far-reaching compromises aiming to achieve calm, which proposals are being adamantly rejected by Palestinians whose only reaction is resort to terror. The thesis further deals with Israeli officials' reframing of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a part...
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Criminal legislation of drug abuse
Tukinská, Markéta ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Záhora, Jozef (referee) ; Herczeg, Jiří (referee)
Title: Criminal legislation of drug abuse Author: Mgr. Markéta Tukinská Supervisor: Prof. JUDr. Jiří Jelínek, CSc. Abstract: Drug abuse is a worldwide problem. The production and illegal trade of drugs is the domain of international organized crime. Illegal weapon trade and human trafficking often follow these activities. The drug abuse means serious threat for the society. It doesn't mean danger only for the drug addict, who is suffering from health problems, which are following the addiction, family and friends alienation, financial problems and losing its place in the society, drug addicts often need medical care, they commit crimes to earn money, because they are unable to do it legally, and they are often carrying and spreading lots of infectious diseases. It's not only the people living on the fringe of society who become drug users. Due to the very rapid lifestyle, consumerism, desire for experiences, which are more intense, even managers who want to be more efficient at their work or young people desiring the amusement are becoming drug users. We should not forget the most famous and abused drug - alcohol. The real danger of this drug is in the social tolerance of drinking alcohol and also its abuse, because not to drink is abnormal for our society. It is not so rare to see on the news that the...
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Organomineral gel as a new concept of structural and colloidal characterization of soils
Kundera, Ondřej ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this study is the organomineral gel contained in soil, mainly the characterization using electron microscopy and available analytical methods like IR-spectrometry, thermal analysis, X-ray crystallography and emission spectrometry. The knowledge from this study may help to define function and significance of this gels to soils and nature. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with soil, humic substances and minerals occurring in soils. The experimental part solves especially the structure and further characterization of organomineral gels.
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European Arrest Warrant
Bicanová, Jitka ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Sváček, Jan (referee) ; Záhora, Jozef (referee)
European Arrest Warrant is an institute of the police and judicial cooperation in the criminal matters. Based is on the mutual confidence of Member States in its legal systems. His formation was caused not only by the failed ratification of the international agreements governing extradition, but also by the terrorist attacks occurred on 11 September 2001 in New York. European Arrest Warrant meant the breakthrough into the national traditional sovereignty of Member States and that all to ensure the area of freedom, safety and justice inside Europe. Formation of the European Arrest Warrant led to the restriction of some principles, which dominated to the extradition, when between the most important ones belongs the principle of surrender of own citizens. European Arrest Warrant is the necessary means and tool of police and judicial bodies in the fight against the national and multinational crime, whose use rises year from year.
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