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Czech contexts of Latvian cultural traditions
Štoll, Pavel ; Parolek, Radegast (advisor) ; Švec, Luboš (referee) ; Hoskovec, Tomáš (referee)
1 ABSTRAKT Tato práce vychází z autorova dlouholetého teoretického i praktického působení v oboru česko-lotyšských literárních a kulturních vztahů a současně ze zvýšeného zájmu o odkaz ochranovské Jednoty bratrské, který se v posledních letech projevuje jak na lotyšské, tak na české straně. Autor zkoumá určité lotyšské kulturní tradice a jejich české kontexty, zejména na základě konkrétních lotyšských textů a jejich smyslu, který je kontextem spoluvytvářen. Usiluje přitom o dialogický pohyb mezi strukturálně-sémiotickými a recepčně- -hermeneutickými přístupy, mezi syntézou a analýzou, dedukcí a indukcí s těžiskem v konkrétních jevech. Práce byla strukturována podle Komenského programu nápravy "moudrosti mysli", "zbožnosti srdce" a "životního klidu": v těchto oblastech v Lotyšsku působily také ideje české náboženské reformace. Mezi lotyšskými a českými kulturními tradicemi byly nalezeny mnohé shody a některé odlišnosti, k nimž v Lotyšsku patří silný vliv luterství s prvky pohansko-křesťanské synkreze. Ta se projevuje také ve výrazné tradici "kultury srdce", v níž byly rozlišeny tři roviny: (1) individuální - náboženská a etická, vycházející zejména z ochranovského pietismu (2) kolektivní - sociální, národní a politická, úzce související s českou náboženskou reformací (3) přírodní - panteistická, navazující...
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Corpus analysis of chosen Latvian somatisms
Rýdza, Eva ; Škrabal, Michal (advisor) ; Štoll, Pavel (referee)
This corpus-based diploma thesis deals with the analysis of selected Latvian somatisms containing the keywords galva, kāja and roka, using principally data from the parallel corpus InterCorp v11. The aim of the thesis is to identify corpus categories and creative alterations of Latvian somatisms, as well as determine how they can be translated to Slovak and Czech. The theoretical part comprises an introduction to the fields of phraseology, cognitive and corpus linguistics; a description of the features of idioms as well as their classification; and a demonstration of the differences between phraseological terms in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Latvia and the West. The practical part focuses on the analysis of patterns in the context of somatisms, the assessment of creative alterations in comparison with linguistics textbooks, and finding translation equivalents in Slovak and Czech.
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Latvian feast "Jáni"
Bahenská, Veronika ; Štoll, Pavel (advisor) ; Ante, Kristine (referee)
This diploma work is the result of the analytical comparison of mostly written and partly also sourced documents in the meaning of diachronic knowledge and at the same time synchronic even though not really terrain research of Latvian John (Jáni) and Czech St. John the Baptiste (Jan Křtitel) holiday. The way of the processing and the interpretation mostly participates on the ethnological study of verb folklore and changes of ethnocultural traditions of new-age Latvian and Czech nations. Respectively it deals with Central European cultural heritage of both nations, even despite the condition that the generally acknowledged definition of "a nation" is currently non-existent. It was the utmost interest in the folklore that influenced my choice of firstly the bachelor and also the progressive work. The transmission of sociocultural phenomena and manifests of culture of single persons, local society and interest groups are connected with folklore and have their place in the national cultural life. These aims were fulfilled primarily by nationally oriented emancipation of Czech lands, the process connected with social cultural romanticism as from the end of 18th century, so called "national revival". Secondly, they were fulfilled by the outcome of the industry revolution in 19th century in accordance...
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Non-periphrastic and Periphrastic Tenses in Latvian and their Equivalence in Czech
Verostová, Veronika ; Štoll, Pavel (advisor) ; Škrabal, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the verb tenses in Czech language and simple and complex tenses in Latvian language. In the theoretical part is described, how tenses are constructed, when they are used and also what relation they have to verb aspect. Complex tenses of indicative are analysed in detail in the empirical research. The goal of research, which is based on processed data from Czech National Corpus, is to find out, how the czech translators translate complex tenses from Latvian to Czech and also how latvian translators translate verbs in past, present and future tenses from Czech to Latvian.
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Contribution of Fricis Brīvzemnieks to the Latvian-Russian Cultural Relations
Skorvid, Alexandra ; Štoll, Pavel (advisor) ; Ante, Kristine (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with an issue of the dialogue of the Latvian and Russian cultures in a situation, when Latvian territory was the part of the Russian empire. The purpose of this work is to analyze materials that are related to the activities of the important representative of the Young Latvian movement, folklorist, ethnologist, publicist and litterateur Fricis Brīvzemnieks in Russia in the years 1867-1887. His activity is set within the wider context of the Latvian National Revival in the second half of the 19th century, with the special reference to the Latvian-Russian cultural relations in this period.
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Baltic Chthonic Beings in Comparative Perspective
Vaverová, Naďa ; Lemeškin, Ilja (advisor) ; Štoll, Pavel (referee)
This thesis compares selected beings of Baltic folklore within a nearer Balto-Slavic areal after analysing them. It defines the term "chthonic" in accord with the current traditions and supplements it with additional traits, which it verifies afterwards. Using these traits the thesis consequently determines the chthonic properties of the beings. The comparations begin with velnias/velns, a being with assumed chthonic character, which is confirmed. The core of the thesis is dedicated to aivataras, whose mythopersonyma and appearance are examined first, followed by its functionality i.e. the plots it figures in. According to the plots aitvaras and its Baltic variants are compared with East- and West Slavic beings with focus at the plots of Czech demonologic fables. This establishes aitvaras and its equivalents posses strong serpentine traits and a relation to the revered spirits of dead ancestors. The results of this comparison are compared to previous research and some differing conclusions are presented, among them a proposal of a possible etymology of the mythopersonymum "aitvaras". No significant difference on the functional level has been discovered between the terms "aitvaras" and "kaukas". The last chapter concerns itself with the being called "laumė" and to her similar female deities and...
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Russian Minority in Latvia and its Culture
Černá, Barbora ; Štoll, Pavel (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
(in English): The theme of the bachelor thesis "Russian minority in Latvia and its culture" is the process of shaping traditional Russian minority on Latvian territory. The main part is devoted to the two periods, which marked the blooming of Russian culture - 1) the late 19th century and early 20th century, 2) the period of the independent Republic of Latvia (1918-1940). The aim of the work is to introduce important aspects of social and cultural life of the Russian minority in context of multinational Latvian society until 1940.
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Dievturība - the Latvian religious movement
Vacíková, Michala ; Štoll, Pavel (advisor) ; Lemeškin, Ilja (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe origins, history, activity and influence of a Latvian religious movement called Dievturība, established in Latvia in the interwar period, interruption of their activities as a consequence of the Soviet occupation in 1940 and its renewal in exile, especially in the United States, where the followers of Dievturība built an important Latvian cultural centre, as well as its rebirth in the independent Latvia after 1990. With the help of the American Dievturi Latvian followers try to gain more attention through organizing cultural events and raise public awareness of Dievturība. Furthermore the thesis surveys origins of the movement's doctrine, contacts of Dievturība with folklore groups, attitude of its followers, Dievturi, towards politics and media and especially the significance of Dievturība for forming the modern Latvian society. Special attention is paid to Ernests Brastiņš, a founder of the movement, to his life, thoughts, ideas and plans connected with his effort to revive Latvian national cultural consciousness. There are also important the views of critics of Dievturība's doctrine and its understanding of pre-Christian Latvian religion, to which Dievturība relates. In my work I also try to outline the pre-Christian Latvian religion and to find differences...
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A Conceptual Novel by Alberts Bels
Císařová, Svatava ; Lemeškin, Ilja (advisor) ; Štoll, Pavel (referee)
This dissertation presents an analysis of the genre of conceptual novel created by the Latvian novelist Alberts Bels. Specifically, it deals with four novels that have been translated into the Czech language: The Investigator (1967), The Cage (1972), The Voice of a Herald (1973) and Insomnia (1987); however, the author focuses predominantly on People in Boats (1987), a novel that is yet to be translated and is regarded to be one of Bels's most accomplished novels. The selected extracts, translated by the author of this dissertation, are representative of the nature of Bels's work as well as of his artistic and personal contribution to the Latvian literature and culture in general. The dissertation focuses on literary interpretations of the selected works and treats them with regard to the period of their conception, because themes such as 'individual' and 'nation', 'time' and 'stream of history', human and ethical values and, above all, moral decline of an individual and of the entire society on the background of political and cultural development in Latvia become central in Bels's conceptual novels. Their conceptuality lies mainly in their highly compact form, through which Bels voices his philosophical ideas, implicit in the overtones of his novels.
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Female deities in the Latvian mythology and folklore
Obuszáková, Markéta ; Štoll, Pavel (advisor) ; Lemeškin, Ilja (referee)
The thesis is focused on analysis of the depiction of female deitites in Latvian folklore and mythology. The main attention is given to the central goddess of Fate, Laima, and two other goddesses connected with human fate, Dēkla and Kārta. The thesis further investigates special goddesses frequently appearing in Latvian folklore - the so-called Mothers (Mātes). The deities are considered mainly from the functional point of view, based on both folklore material (Latvian folk songs called dainas, national fairy tales, legends and superstitions) and the previous Latvian research in folklore and mythology.
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