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Determination of the fatty acids spectrum in patients undergoing treatment with taxanes
Kuříková, Barbora ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Author of Diploma Thesis: Bc. Barbora Kuříková Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Zadák, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Determination of the fatty acids spectrum in patients undergoing treatment with taxanes The diploma thesis deals with the determination of fatty acids spectrum in erythrocytes in patients treated with taxanes. The theoretical part describes general features of fatty acids, their synthesis and degradation. Then it is focused on the topic of breast cancer, taxane treatment and negative side effects associated with taxane treatment, especially polyneuropathy. The gas chromatography, which is commonly used in practice, is also described in this part. The experimental part is divided into three parts. The first part describes working process, chromatographic analysis and evaluation of this analysis. In the second part there is comparing of spectrum of fatty acids of patients without and with polyneroupathy. And in the last part there is a comparing of spectrum of fatty acids of patients before taxane treatment, closely after treatment and about month after the treatment. Results of the experimental part are evaluated at the end...
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Family socioeconomic status and its impact on the development of childhood obesity
Nováková, Veronika ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Hrnčířová, Dana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of childhood obesity - family socioeconomic status and its impact on the development of childhood obesity. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with childhood obesity in general - definition, classification according to etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostics, health complications, prevention and treatment. Subsequently, this diploma thesis deals with the relationship between childhood obesity and socioeconomic status - impact of socioeconomic inequalities , impact of parents. The practical part of this diploma thesis is based on an anonymous questionnaire survey, which is focused on family socioeconomis status and its impact on nutritional status and nutritional habits of child. The survey was realized from October 2020 to February 2021. The questionnaire survey was distributed to five primary schools (located in Prague and Prague-East District) and was also published via a social network Facebook. The survey was targeted at trird grade students (116 students, 56 % boys, 44 % girls) and their parents (the respondents). The obtained data was evaluated using the program RůstCZ (child's BMI percentile) and the program R (statistical analysis). Relationships between pairs of categorical variables were evaluated by Fisher's exact test. The...
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Role of helicases UAP56 and URH49 in viral infection
Nováková, Veronika ; Šroller, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Šmahel, Michal (referee)
Helicases are proteins with the catalytic ability to unwind double-stranded nucleic acids. An important group are helicases with a DEAD motif, which includes helicase UA56 and the more recently discovered helicase URH49. These helicases are orthologs and they share some functions. Both helicases are involved in the splicing of pre-mRNA and they take part in the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Slight differences between the two helicases lead to different affinites for different mRNAs. Overproduction of the URH49 helicase has been reported in many cancer tissues and has therefore been suggested to function as a potential biomarker of adverse cancer prognosis. The association of helicases UAP56 and URH49 with nuclear export has led to research of their role in cells infected by viruses which replicate in the nucleus. The helicases UAP56 and URH49 have been shown to promote virus replication in several ways. They either participate in the transport of viral RNAs into the cytoplasm and thus help to translate important proteins for the virus or play a role in their encapsidation. They also help recruit the export complex, which is normally dependent on the formation of a splicing apparatus, to viral transcripts without introns. The URH49 helicase has also been described to suppress...
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Food interactions of antibiotics
Nováková, Veronika ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Carazo Fernández, Alejandro (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Nováková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Food interactions of antibiotics Diploma thesis deals with clinically significant interactions between antibiotics and food. It defines basic concepts such as antibiotics, food, drug interactions and also drug-food interactions. The main part of the work deals with the characteristics of individual groups of antibiotics, describes their mechanism of action, including the antimicrobial spectrum, the main side effects and deals with the already mentioned interactions with food and beverages. St. John's wort, grapefruit, alcohol, or polyvalent ions in particular play an important role in these interactions, which can have a significant effect on the course of antibiotic therapy. The next part of this work deals with the effect of probiotics on the natural intestinal microflora, which is disrupted by antibiotics. The last part of the thesis deals with the issue of antibiotic resistance and the principles of correct and appropriate use of antibiotics, which have an impact not only on minimizing the emergence and development of bacterial resistance, but also help to prevent interactions, including drug-food...
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The Effect of Bulkiness of Non-peripheral Substituents of Phthalocyanines on their Absorption and Photophysical properties
Paušímová, Zuzana ; Nováková, Veronika (advisor) ; Švec, Jan (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department od Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Student Zuzana Paušímová Supervisor doc. PharmDr. Veronika Nováková Ph.D. Title of thesis The Effect of Bulkiness of Non-peripheral Substituents of Phthalocyanines on their Absorption and Photophysical Properties Phthalocyanines are planar macrocyclic compounds which absorb the light over 670 nm due to their large system of conjugated double bounds. Peripheral substitution of phthalocyanines significantly affects the position of the main absorption band. Absorption at longer wavelengths is highly advantageous in any biological applications because such light does not interfere with endogenous chromophores. It was discovered that the desired red-shift of absorption band is much more pronounced at non-peripherally substituted phthalocyanines. However, it was recently found out that the presence of bulky non-peripheral substituent shifts significantly absorption maximum back to lower wavelengths. The aim of this study was to explain this phenomenon more in detail. For this purpose, a series of phthalocyanines bearing non-peripheral (alkyl- or arylsulphanyl) substituents of different bulkiness was prepared. Syntheses included nucleophilic substitution leading to appropriate...
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Synthesis and study of ceramides with deuterated acyl chain
Hudská, Klára ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Candidate: Klára Hudská Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: Synthesis and study of ceramides with deuterated acyl chain Ceramides are a complex group of lipids belonging to sphingolipids. They are the most important component in stratum corneum and play an essential role in protecting the skin from excessive water loss and other environmental damages. Despite the fact that ceramides are a subject of intensive research, the exact effect of their structure on barrier skin function has not been fully explained. The aim of this diploma thesis was to synthesize a series of ceramides derived from sphingosin with deuterated acyl chains with chain lenght 4C, 16C and 24C and their study using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to understand the behaviour of ceramides in SC and their structure-activity relationships. The study of the synthesized ceramides using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed that, at skin temperature, lipid chains are arranged in orthorhombic subcell, mostly with all-trans conformation. While the CerNS24 prefers extended conformation with its acyl associated with the acyl of LA and cholesterol associated with the sphingosin chain in...
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Study of cholesterol depletion in human skin barrier
Jančálková, Pavla ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Pavla Audrlická Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Study of cholesterol depletion in human skin barrier Barrier function of human skin barrier dwells in intercellular lipid membranes of the uppermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC), composed of equimolar mixture of ceramides (Cer), free fatty acids (FFA) and cholesterol (Chol).1 Chol is required for proper lipid organization of SC, however, it stays unclear, why is it present in an amount so high that it separates from other lipids.2 Experiments using synthetic model membranes with decreased Chol content suggested that molar ratio of Cer:FFA:Chol 1:1:0,4 is sufficient for lipid barrier formation and its complex functionality.3 The aim of this work was to manipulate Chol content directly in human SC and to study the effects of decreased Chol content on the SC permeability and microstructure. Ex vivo SC obtained from healthy donors was extracted by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) to reduce natural Chol content. The extracted SC did not show significant changes in Cer or FFA whilst the amount of Chol was lowered to 78 %. SC barrier properties were evaluated by measurements of transepidermal water loss...
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Mediation as an alternative dispute resolution
Nováková, Veronika ; Frintová, Dita (advisor) ; Sedláček, Miroslav (referee)
Mediation as an Alternative Form of Dispute Resolution, Abstract, Keywords Abstract My Rigorosum Thesis "Mediation as an alternative form of dispute resolution" reflects the legal regulation of mediation in force in the legal order of the Czech Republic, analyses this regulation and subjects it to critical assessment. It is possible to state that mediation and its use has been existing in our society since time immemorial, however it is necessary to point out that modern society got to know mediation better only in connection with its legislative alteration in the Act on Mediation which implemented the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters. Following this circumstance, this alternative becomes supported and mediation services are deliberately used. With regard to the above stated, the purpose of this Rigorosum Thesis is to determine whether the current regulation of mediation in the Czech legal order is efficient or not and at the same time, based on the made analysis, the Thesis proposes how to remove the application as well as interpretation problems contained in the current legal regulation. The Rigorosum Thesis is coherently divided into chapters which logically follow one another and each of them deals with...
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Study of azaphthalocyanines as fluorescence quenchers in oligodeoxynucleotide probes
Demuth, Jiří ; Nováková, Veronika (advisor) ; Hocek, Michal (referee) ; Vávrová, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Author: Mgr. Jiří Demuth Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Veronika Nováková, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. PharmDr. Petr Zimčík, Ph.D. Doctoral Thesis: Study of azaphthalocyanines suitable for quenching of fluorescence in oligodeoxynucleotide probes Phthalocyanines (Pcs) and azaphthalocyanines (AzaPcs) are planar macrocyclic compounds. These synthetic compounds are derived from naturally occurring dyes - porphyrins. Pcs and AzaPcs have very interesting photophysical properties due to their extensive 18 -electron conjugated system. They are used in electrotechnics, material industry or in medicinal applications. Octaalkylamino substituted tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines (TPyzPzs), which belong to AzaPc family, can quench fluorescence of other molecules due to the ultrafast intramolecular charge transfer. This thesis studies this quenching ability of TPyzPzs with the aim to develop efficient fluorescence probes. Such probes could find application in a variety of experiments across scientific disciplines i.e. - biochemistry, forensic or genetic analysis. Synthetic part of dissertation thesis is a continuation of previous investigation of TPyzPzs in our research group. It describes...
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