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Obstructionism in Czech Legislative Process
Kubný, Adam ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
This Diploma Thesis deals with obstructions within the legislative process of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, more precisely in hearings at the Lower House. The aim of the thesis is to describe the phenomenon of obstructions and their importance in the legislative process. In the beginning, the author establishes three basic research questions, which he then tries to answer through quantitative methods. Firstly, the author answers the question whether either site of the ideological spectrum tends to use the tactic of obstruction more often. Secondly, he inquires whether there are any differences between the obstructions of a right-wing or a left-wing party. Finally, the author aims to clarify if the long-established parties in the Chamber of Deputies have an advantage in the practice of obstructions and thus are more successful in it than new parties are. The text is divided into three separate chapters with a logical structure starting from theoretical themes and continuing with an empirical analysis. The first part, which is purely theoretical, is followed by a chapter dealing with the legislative process which can be considered as a transition between the theoretical and empirical parts. The following chapter is based on empiricism and analyses stenographic records and interviews with the representatives of political parties. The carried out analyses suggest that it is impossible to state clearly which site of the ideological spectrum tends to use the tactic of obstruction more often, as in the majority of cases parties using this tactic find themselves in the opposition. However, while obstructing, both left-wing and right-wing parties use almost identical tools. Ultimately, it can be stated that parties represented in the House of Deputies for a long period are not more successful in practicing obstructions than other parties, even though they use strategies that are more sophisticated.
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Lobbysts Activities in Selected States: Study 1.181
Chlad, Libor ; Kolář, Petr ; Pecháček,Štěpán ; Němec, Jan ; Kuta, Martin
Lobbismus je neodmyslitelnou součástí parlamentního života, je jedním ze způsobů zprostředkování zájmů mezi jejich nositeli a veřejnou autoritou s rozhodovacími pravomocemi. Cílem Lobbingu je tyto zájmy prosadit a zakotvit v podobě právní normy. Některé země, zejména s angloamerickou parlamentní tradicí, se snaží o regulativní úpravu činnosti lobbistů na půdě parlamentu i mimo ní. Často diskutovanou otázkou v souvislosti s právní úpravou lobbismu v jednotlivých zemích je vymezení lobbisty, resp. lobbistické skupiny, z hlediska způsobu a charakteru reprezentace jimi zprostředkovaných zájmů. Je zapotřebí rozlišovat dvě základní skupiny lobbistů: na jedné straně jsou to lobbistické skupiny (v našem prostředí většinou označované jako konzultantské společnosti), které za úplatu zprostředkovávají kontakt mezi zákonodárci a různými skupinami klientů. Na straně druhé je za lobbisty (v širším slova smyslu) zapotřebí označit i reprezentanty specifických zájmů různých sociálních skupin. Takoví lobbisté bývají u nás označováni jako zájmové skupiny a patří mezi ně odbory, zaměstnavatelské svazy, profesní organizace apod. Nalezení hranice mezi oběma skupinami je v zásadě nemožné, a proto i zavedení povinné registrace lobbistických skupin by se zřejmě muselo dotýkat obou skupin lobbistů. Práce přináší přehled o přístupu k lobbingu v USA, Kanadě a v některých evropských zemích a na půdě Evropského parlamentu. Součástí práce je příloha s plnými texty právních norem, které lobbování ve vybraných zemích upravují.
Fulltext:  PDF; PDF
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Position and strategy of opposition in the Parliament of the Czech Republic
Křičková, Kateřina ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The thesis analyses the position and strategy of the opposition in the Parliament. The thesis also provides an international comparison within the Visegrad Group (The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). Main attention is paid to the opposition in the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate which factors affect behavior of opposition and how the strategy of opposition differs in the Parliament. The thesis deals with behavior of representatives of political parties with low coalition potential and with options which opposition can use in relation to the government.
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Professionalization of the exercise of deputy's mandate in the Parliament of the Czech Republic
Zákoutská, Eva ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The Diploma Thesis is focused on the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic and its professionalization. The Thesis solves question about stable extent of the professionally experienced and professional politicians in Chamber of Deputies and its organs by using professionalization factors to the Czech Chamber of Deputies. Furthermore the thesis is focused on material processing and information security of deputies which are provided by the Chamber of Deputies to perform parliamentary duties professionally and full time.
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Political use and consequences of sport events
Rybka, Pauline Johanna ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
In the theory part of this thesis will examine the connection between politics and sport, including the politicization of major sport events and the particular role of non-democratic states as host nations. In the empirical part, three case studies (Summer Olympics Beijing 2008, Winter Olympics Sochi 2014, and FIFA World Cup Qatar 2018) will be analyzed in the light of how they have influenced (or have the potential to influence) reforms, the adoption of democratic structures, and the human rights situation.
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Organisation and conduction of the first presidential elections in the Czech Republic
Matiášková, Lenka ; Reschová, Jana (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The direct election of the president is political, politological and also constitutional-legal topic which has already accompanied for many years. It appears always in connection with the presidential elections, but also as a part of the parliamentary election campaign. February 2012 interrupted the regularity and direct presidential election was approved. The first direct presidential election was held in January 2013. This term preceded by a long election campaign of candidates, persuading voters and several lawsuits. The first direct presidential election won one of the most probable winners - Miloš Zeman.
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The vote of non-confidence in Czech parliament - the analysis of the causes and strategies
Vaňková, Petra ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The main topic of this thesis is the vote of non-confidence in the Czech Republic. The main objective is to analyse functioning of the previous Czech governments and the causes that led to the vote of non-confidence. From the theoretical point of view the work concerns the parliamentary systems as such, mutual functioning of the Parliament and the government and describes the process of the vote of confidence and non-confidence. The author compares situations during the Czechoslovak Republic (1918--1938) and the present Czech Republic in terms of the regulations of the vote of confidence and non-confidence in different constitutions. The empirical part focuses on the individual governments from 1992 to the present day and the events that led to request for the vote of non-confidence. In conclusion, in Czech political practice are used all the controlling instruments such as question time or investigative committees, but the vote of non-confidence remains the most noticeable and is more of a tool for the rivalry over power than for resolving governmental problems.
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Stability of Incumbents in the Parliament of the Czech Republic
Mareček, Jan Lukáš ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the personal stability of the Czech Parliament in the period after 1993 when the Czech Republic was founded. The author assumes a better orientation in both organizational and procedural issues of reelected representatives. The aim of this thesis is to explore what factors have influenced the rate of reelection of MPs and Senators and how these are subsequently reflected in the personal structure of both Chambers. Using a quantitative analysis, the author tests the hypothesis that the rate of reelection will be higher in the Senate due to the majority voting system which is more personalized than the proportional one used in the Chamber of Deputies. The hypothesis was tested in the Committees analogically. Furthermore, the author tests if the current level of voter turnout influences the final election results and the rate of reelection, respectively. The text is divided into three chapters. The thesis is composed of a common structure heading from a theoretical background towards empirical analysis.
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The empire of Silvio Berlusconi: entrepreneur, media tycoon and politician
Kadaníková, Anna ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to analyse facts concerning the controversial career of Silvio Berlusconi, the former Italian prime-minister, focusing on his politics connected with non-political features influencing his wealth and power. Concerning the effect of the media which enabled his start-up or eventually a rather clamorous resign. As an interface there is a point of political or non-political aims and interests blurred or even left behind by the media. The intention to cover the circumstances of Berlusconi's resign and its consequences concerning the turn of the year 2012/13 can not be omitted as well.
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