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Attitudes to Society and School of Students in Secondary Vocational Schools
Bederka, Tomáš ; Dvořák, Dominik (advisor) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
The thesis focuses on the issue of civic attitudes adopted by students of vocational schools. The author presents an overview of previous Czech research which shows that students of vocational schools are placed at the bottom of international surveys inquiring civic and political knowledge. Moreover, the results reveal that the students of vocational schools express their support for democracy as a way of government the least. The goal of the thesis is to describe civic and political opinions of concrete students and show who influences them and how. It is designed as a multiple case study. Six students of vocational schools from Prague, a smaller town and a village in Central Bohemian Region were chosen to participate in the study. The core of the work is the description of the individual cases in a detailed context including their family, community, school and friends. The findings indicate that the studied students are usually not interested in politics. Their political beliefs are heavily formed by their family and peers. School as an institution does not have any influence, not even through civic education which is compulsory during the first years of high school education. It is most of all caused by fewer opportunities for an open discussion about basic topics in classes. Media have only...
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Bilingual classes on primary level from the perspective of educational equity. Case studies.
Smith Slámová, Radka ; Straková, Jana (advisor) ; Dvořák, Dominik (referee)
The diploma thesis compares learning conditions in bilingual and regular classrooms in two primary schools from the perspective of educational equity. The first chapter summarizes available information on bilingual classes in the Czech public school system (their prevalence, licensing conditions, and financing). The second chapter describes tracking in the Czech basic school system and its implications for educational inequity. The final chapter of the theoretical part describes the main school factors influencing student achievement in the Czech Republic and abroad. The empirical part presents case studies of two public schools that run a CLIL class. The schools differ in terms of the administrator of the bilingual class, target language, location, and financing of the class. The research compares regular and CLIL classes at each school with regards to admission procedures, pupil characteristics, learning conditions, teacher expectations, teaching methods, and other aspects influencing student achievement. The results reveal that bilingual and regular classes at both schools differ most in terms of socioeconomic compositition and student achievement, giving the pupils of bilingual classes an unfair advantage. However, the classes also differ in other aspects, of which the significance to parents...
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Relationship between Attachment and Aspects of Mental Health of Adolescent Girls in Institutional Educational Care
Doležalová, Pavla ; Vojtová, Věra (advisor) ; Straková, Jana (referee) ; Čech, Tomáš (referee)
The topic of interconnection between attachment and selected aspects of mental health has not been sufficiently covered yet, both on the theoretical and research level. The following dissertation contributes to bridging this gap by examining the attachment prevalence among adolescent girls in institutional educational care in Czech Republic and analyzing the attachment types of these girls to their close people, especially parents, and relationship with certain factors of their mental health. The aim of this dissertation is to map and analyze connection between attachment and selected factors of mental health of the monitored girls and to suggest a schematic model of the risk indicators of mental health. The dissertation consists of theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part analyzes and summarizes the knowledge related to attachment and selected aspects of mental health, especially to trauma and dissociation states, suicidal behaviour, substance use, or resilience. The empirical part identifies the attachment type of monitored girls with the help of ECR-RS - research tool and analyzes the connections with the risk phenomena of mental health with the help of other tools. Based on the acquired data reflected in the discussion part of the dissertation, the author suggests a schematic model...
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Forms of 'empowerment' in the frame of the anti-discrimination agenda in Education
Felcmanová, Alena ; Moree, Dana (advisor) ; Bittnerová, Dana (referee) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
Forms of 'empowerment' in the frame of the anti-discrimination agenda in Education 'Empowerment' - or a state of emancipation, in which an individual is able to achieve their goals, fulfill their needs, and reach their potential despite the structural limitations - should be the result of education. Forms of empowerment include: the capacity of involved actors to make changes, and their ability to influence conditions and structures, in which they move. In my dissertation, I inspect the empowerment found in actors in Education, families, the public sector, schools and other governmental organizations. I conducted my research in the context of the integration of the so-called 'inclusive education' and the associated changes in the system of the Czech elementary education, in the period of spring 2013 until the end of 2017. The method of qualitative research I chose was the stakeholder analysis and in-depth interviews. I analyzed the gathered data from the point of view of the actors' goals and agendas, their experience with discrimination, their involvement in the inclusive education, their cooperation with each other, and last but not least, from the point of view of the power(lessness) and empowerment of the actors themselves describe it. I then link the concept of empowerment with the concept of...
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Self- Evaluation in the Elementary Schools and its Use in Practice
Čigášová, Blanka ; Straková, Jana (advisor) ; Kasíková, Hana (referee)
(in English): The topic of my dissertation was to create and verify the self-evaluation tool according to the real request of the concrete elementary school. The tool had to assess the satisfaction of the parents of the pupils, which attend the first school. The analysis showed that the existing self-evaluation tools are very complicated, time-consuming and use inadequate software solutions. Moreover they do not reflect the recent change of the criteria that are now used for school evaluation by the Czech School Inspectorate (the Quality School Model). As a result I tried to create the new self-evaluation tool that would fulfil the above mentioned requirements. First of all I designed the online questionnaire with the questions linked to the criteria of the Czech School Inspectorate. The close attention was paid on the data processing to validate whether the questionnaire serves as an self-evaluation tool. In addition the possibilities for improvement of questionnaire design were searched during the data processing. Furthermore I proposed the framework measures for each criterion of Quality School Model and developed simple method of using them for school improvements. Finally I presented the tool to the school management which considered it suitable and useful. In my opinion the results of...
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Neural Network Based Named Entity Recognition
Straková, Jana ; Hajič, Jan (advisor) ; Černocký, Jan (referee) ; Konopík, Miloslav (referee)
Title: Neural Network Based Named Entity Recognition Author: Jana Straková Institute: Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: prof. RNDr. Jan Hajič, Dr., Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Abstract: Czech named entity recognition (the task of automatic identification and classification of proper names in text, such as names of people, locations and organizations) has become a well-established field since the publication of the Czech Named Entity Corpus (CNEC). This doctoral thesis presents the author's research of named entity recognition, mainly in the Czech language. It presents work and research carried out during CNEC publication and its evaluation. It fur- ther envelops the author's research results, which improved Czech state-of-the-art results in named entity recognition in recent years, with special focus on artificial neural network based solutions. Starting with a simple feed-forward neural net- work with softmax output layer, with a standard set of classification features for the task, the thesis presents methodology and results, which were later used in open-source software solution for named entity recognition, NameTag. The thesis finalizes with a recurrent neural network based recognizer with word embeddings and character-level word embeddings,...
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Preparatory classes in the period of legislative changes
Dragounová, Lucie ; Straková, Jana (advisor) ; Simonová, Jaroslava (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is the preparatory class during the legislative changes. The aim was to find out, how the directors and pedagogues perceive the development of the preparatory classes, if there were any changes during the time and what is the significance of the preparatory class for its pupils. The main objective of the work was to find out, how school leaderf and pedagogues do they perceive the future of the preparatory classes after the legislative's modification, or how could the perfect preparatory class look like in the future. I used a case study as a basic method. I got the research information from the interviews with primary school directors and preparatory class teachers. The result is that the preparatory classes have their place in educational system and that they are good for children, who visit them. Another result is that each school has a different children composition in the preparatory classes and that each school looks at the legislative a little bit different. The directors and pedagogues are afraid of the future of the preparatory classes because after the legislative modification there will be only few children with the postponement of the compulsory schooling. And they are afraid of the cancelling of the preparatory classes.
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Neural Language Models with Morphology for Machine Translation
Musil, Tomáš ; Bojar, Ondřej (advisor) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
Language models play an important role in many natural language processing tasks. In this thesis, we focus on language models built on artificial neural net- works. We examine the possibilities of using morphological annotations in these models. We propose a neural network architecture for a language model that explicitly makes use of morphological annotation of the input sentence: instead of word forms it processes lemmata and morphological tags. Both the baseline and the proposed method are evaluated on their own by perplexity, and also in the context of machine translation by the means of automatic translation quality evaluation. While in isolation the proposed model significantly outperforms the baseline, there is no apparent gain in machine translation. 1
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Evidence concerning pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability in the context of the paradigm shift in today's education
Pivarč, Jakub ; Stará, Jana (advisor) ; Straková, Jana (referee) ; Pančocha, Karel (referee)
This dissertation thesis is designed as a theoretical and research survey focusing on the currently marginalised issue of intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. The survey aims to outline the concept of intellectual disability concisely and to accentuate the current paradigm shift in education with regards to integration and inclusion. Particular attention was paid to the theoretical and epistemological basis of preconceptions as well as to the current state of scientific knowledge of the presented area. Research was conducted in order to analyse and characterise intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. Furthermore, the empirical study aimed to determine whether pupils' preconceptions differ depending on their gender, year of school attended and the declared experience of persons with intellectual disability. A transversal quantitative survey was conducted at 22 mainstream basic schools in the Czech Republic. The research sample consisted of 2230 intact pupils attending the 5th , 7th and 9th forms of basic schools. Data were collected by means of mind mapping and non-standardised questionnaire of our own construction. The findings demonstrate that pupils perceive the phenomenon of intellectual disability in terms of medical paradigm (emphasising the...
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Admission procedure to the first grade of primary education. Case studies of admission procedures
Záleská, Zuzana ; Straková, Jana (advisor) ; Simonová, Jaroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on issues of the school admission to the 1st grade of the primary school. Nowadays this topic is more and more often discussed mainly from perspective of the different approach of many primary schools to checking out the school readiness during the school admission. This thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and the practical part. The first chapter of the theoretical part describes the terms school readiness and its particular issues. Next chapter describes the school admission to the 1st grade; there we can find recommended methods of checking the school readiness and organization of the school entry. Next chapter focuses on postponement of school attendance and preparatory classes, which are aimed at those children who got the postponement of school attendance. The last chapter deals with the school entrance and first months spent in the school class, because it relates to the school readiness and school admission and therefore it logically closes the theoretical part. The practical part of the thesis presents case study of the school admission on six primary schools. These schools were chosen to differ in the size, size of the city and socioeconomic status of families whose children attend the primary school. The aim is to find out how much the school...
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