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Development of competencies in scientific education through the active work of pupils (focused on field trips)
Štěpánková, Jitka ; Šulcová, Renata (advisor) ; Klímová, Helena (referee) ; Kolář, Karel (referee)
Title: Development of Competencies in Scientific Education through the Active Work of Pupils (Focused On Field Trips) Abstract The overall concept and strategy of science education is undergoing significant changes, the basic starting curricula are designed to develop key competences necessary for personal development and success of each member of society. Therefore, in addition to traditional, perhaps best methods and forms come into the forefront more participatory and inquiry- based approaches that encourage creative approach to teaching and emphasize their own initiative pupils. Unique role of a comprehensive scientific excursion channeled to various locations in order to accomplish a pre- assigned tasks and sophisticated science and social character. A new look in this direction provide natural areas or nature trails where students can explore, understand and assess phenomena in a broader context with regard to their natural, economic or social importance. This direct and indirect nature study research methods, practical activities, especially experimental enables pupils to create complex scientific skills and competencies. It helps students develop the intellectual gradual transition from a predominantly illustrative exploring the world around to explore the rational, abstract. The issue is also...
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Investigation of the factorization scheme dependence of finite order perturbative QCD calculations
Kolář, Karel ; Chýla, Jiří (advisor) ; Rameš, Jiří (referee) ; Formánek, Jiří (referee)
Title: Investigation of the factorization scheme dependence of finite order per- turbative QCD calculations Author: Karel Kolář Institute: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: prof. Jiří Chýla, CSc., Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Abstract: The main aim of this thesis is the investigation of phenomenological implications of the freedom in the choice of the factorization scheme for the de- scription of hard collisions with the potential application for an improvement of current NLO Monte Carlo event generators. We analyze the freedom associated with the definition of parton distribution functions and we derive general formu- lae governing the dependence of parton distribution functions and hard scattering cross-sections on unphysical quantities specifying the renormalization and factor- ization procedure. The issue of the specification of factorization schemes via the corresponding higher order splitting functions is discussed in detail. The main attention is paid to the so called ZERO factorization scheme, which allows the construction of consistent NLO Monte Carlo event generators in which initial state parton showers can be taken formally at the LO. Unfortunately, it has turned out that the practical applicability of the ZERO...
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School experiment in the teaching process-the past and the present
Koloros, Petr ; Čtrnáctová, Hana (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee) ; Sirotek, Vladimír (referee)
RNDr. Petr Koloros: School experiment in the teaching process - the past and the present. Dissertation Thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Chemistry Teaching and Didactics, Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Hana Čtrnáctová, CSc., PřF /= Faculty of Natural Science/ UK Prague, 2011. The thesis deals with the school chemical experiment in its historical development till the present time. There are quoted and assessed sources of school chemical experiments which are put in the chronological order. The next part of the thesis is focused on the incorporation of experiments into different phases of the teaching process of chemistry in the contemporary school and there are showed new possibilities and trends which are connected with new technical possibilities of the laboratory technologies such as measuring physical quantities but also with the didactics branch progress. Connecting of the real school experiment with forming the conceptual map is a new feature involved in the thesis. It intends to help in the course of the experimental facts interpretation by means of the concepts which are classified into a particular structure. The appendix presents the publication: "Interesting Experiments for Learning Chemistry" and DVD including a record of a particular lesson named:...
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Application of the Three-Body Problem in the form of exercises
Kolář, Karel ; Šolc, Martin (advisor) ; Franc, Tomáš (referee)
The main topic of this work is the Restricted Three-Body Problem (R3BP) which is illustrated by solving several examples and by simulations in computational system Wolfram Mathematica. The aim is to offer supplemetary material for university students and it can be used also as introduction to this topic for high school students. The first part is dedidated to history of celestial mechanics and to the people who contributed to the development of the R3B Problem. The second chapter consists of simplier tasks with definitions of basic quantities and variables and revision of the undisturbed two-body problem. Subsequent chapters are concentrated to Lagrange points, Jacobi integral, Hill surfaces, tidal force, Tisserand criterion, shape and evolution of close binary stars and other partial tasks.
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Chemistry education at secondary schools of civil engineering in the Czech Republic
Dvořák, Martin ; Čtrnáctová, Hana (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee) ; Rovnaník, Pavel (referee)
Title Chemistry education at secondary schools of civil engineering in the Czech Republic Abstract The goal of this work is to evaluate the chemistry education at secondary schools of civil engineering in the Czech Republic, which provide education of four-year study programs with school leaving exam. At first, question form of data gathering was used at the part of these schools. The general goal was narrowed by analyzing the answers of a questionnaire and the next work was concentrated on creating a study material containing themes of the chemistry of building materials. This material was used during the period of its creation and was modified due to the reactions of the students. The material was then extended with themes of general, inorganic, organic chemistry and biochemistry. The learning material was extended to the form of practice book, which has been used as a main educational tool for the chemistry education. The learning material was evaluated by theoretical methodology and by anonymous questionnaire filled by students. The objective evaluation of the impact of the learning material on the school grades was analyzed through five years. Key words Chemistry of building materials, secondary schools, learning material, workbook.
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Correspondence physics competition of MFF UK - its feedback and development
Kolář, Karel ; Žák, Vojtěch (advisor)
Correspondence physics competition of MFF UK - FYKOS - is extracurricular physical educational activity organized by university students for upper secondary school students. FYKOS is organized by Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of Charles University in Prague (MFF UK). FYKOS' main goals are: dissemination of physics, education of upper secondary school students, establishing conditions for creation of social bindings between participants (and organizers) and propagation of possibility of studies at MFF UK. This work is the first complete text about running of FYKOS and it is also the first systematical feedback from FYKOS' participants and FYKOS' organizers. The first part is a description of all FYKOS' activities (correspondence part, camps, FYKOSí Fyziklání and others). The second chapter includes an analysis of statistical survey of FYKOS' participants. Other chapters are dedicated to the description of gathering feedback and its interpretation. The feedback was made in several ways - interviews, web questionnaire and email questionnaire. Special attention was turned to study and professional development of former participants. Acquired knowledge lead up to formulation of possible improvements of FYKOS which are introduced in the last part of this theses. It was discovered that among respondents of...
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Development of new group of potential antituberculotics
Divišová, Hana ; Waisser, Karel (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee)
In this rigorous paper three problems were solved: a) synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of new halogenated salicylanilides substituted in position 4' with branch chain. b) synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of new halogenated 3-(4-alkylphenyl)-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4-(3H)-diones. c) influence of replacement of oxo group by thioxo group in the previously group of compounds. a) It was synthesized 8 halogenated derivatives of 4'-alkylsalicylanilides with branched alkyl chain. These compounds were evaluated in vitro on antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium avium. b) It was synthesized 7 halogenated derivatives of benzoxazinediones with branch chain by reaction of salicylanilides with methylchloroformiate. Antimycobacterial activity of synthesized compounds was evaluated against three different mycobacterial strains. The most active compound was 7- chloro-3-(4-sec-butylphenyl)-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4-(3H)-dione. c) There were synthesized the following compounds: 7-chloro-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4-thioxo-2H-1,3- benzoxazine-2(3H)-one, 6-bromo-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4-thioxo-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2(3H)-one, 6- bromo-3-(4-sec-butylphenyl)-4-thioxo-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2(3H)-one, 6-chloro-3-(4-sec-...
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New groups of potential antituberculotics with thioxo group
Husáková, Petra ; Waisser, Karel (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee)
. ENGLISH ABSTRACT In the rigorous thesis are described the influence of replacement oxo group for thioxo group in the series of halogenated 3-(4-ethylphenyl)benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones and 6-chloro-3- (4-butylphenyl)benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-dione. The starting ethyl (or butyl) salicylanilides were synthesis from substituted salicylic acid and ethyl (or butyl) aniline in toluene by the presence of phosphorus trichloride. (The set of halogenated salicyl acids compounds: 4-chloro-, 5-chloro-, 5- bromo- and 3,5-dibromosalicylic acid). The halogenated 4'-ethylsalicylanilides were reacted in dry pyridine with methyl-chloroformiate to form 3-(4-ethylphenyl)benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones. Similar were prepared 6-chloro-3-(4-butylphenyl)benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones. The mixture of 3- (4-ethyphenyl)-4-thioxo-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2(3H)-one and 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2H-1,3- benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-dithione was prepared by the reaction of the halogenated 3-(4- ethylphenyl)- 2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones with phosphorus pentasulfide. The products were separated by chromatography. The 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-6-chloro-4-thioxo-2H-1,3- benzoxazine-2(3H)-ones and 6-chloro-3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-dithiones were prepared by similar way. The compounds were tested in vitro for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium...
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Activating Methods and Forms in Chemistry Education Process in context of the Framework Educational Programmmes - aimed to Preliminary of Chemistry Teachers at University
Šulcová, Renata ; Solárová, Marie (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee) ; Klečková, Marta (referee)
í.Introduction The aim for my doctoral thesis makes the complete surway to the situation and state in chemistry education process in different school levóls and makes the research to modem activatin methods, forms and means of education in preparation and praktice of chemistry teachers. My work has been focused mainly on project methods and their effect to chemistry education. Next part has been focused on laboratory experimental activities and other activating methods and their use for fi.rrther education. Ťheséthesis have been completed by available supplements from years 2000 - 2008. It seems to be convenient for practicá use. There are implemented my proffesional activities - practical and educational teachers'preparation at Charles University - Faculty of Science and from my exDenence in secondary schools. In every chapter there are used ideas and thoughts from intemational conferences, discussion classes and from artickles in different magazines and volumes. 2. Nowadays suituatlon and projects in education After the conference in Lisabon in 2000 started in ouÍcountry orientatlon to educational systém, mainly to forming bo|t qualification. That mean', that in chemistry education we need logical system based on skills, communication, team co-operation. experimental topics, public discussion and...
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