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Material culture of the fortified manor of Martinice near Votice
Vnoučková, Darina ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Klír, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the presented thesis is to cover the topic of one of the first archaeological research explorations of the originally middle-age fortified manor in Martinice u Votic, Czechoslovakia, done in years 1951 and 1954 and led by an archaeologist Květa Reichertová, an employee of the former State Institute of Archaeology in Prague. The knowledge obtained during this research became a regular part of our archaeological literature. The author of the thesis provides a detailed reconstruction of the research, essential for the interpretation of the findings and the construction development of the stronghold. She also tries to explain the strongholdin Martinice u Votic in the broader context of all the retrievable writtensources that mentionthe strongholdor its owner and presents a broad and by far not yet exhausted collection - mainly ceramic tableware, embossed tiles,and metallic objects - which are indicative of the state of the stronghold as well as of the lifestyle, social class and views of the owners. The author concentrates mainly on the iconographically rich set of embossed tiles from the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. The tiles are presented in a detailed catalogue accompanied by texts and pictures. Iconographic motives are compared mainly with the findings from neighbouring...
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Tobiáš z Benešova (Thobias of Benešov). Bishop - Manciple - Politician
Trojan, David ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Klápště, Jan (referee)
Anotation The Bohemian kingdom lost its ruler and shortly after that the throne of St. Adalbert lost its bishop; Tobias of Benešov (bishop 1278-1296, known as Tobias of Bechyně) succeeded Jan III. in hardly enviable conditions under the regency of Ota's V. of Brandenburg. Despite that (or maybe thanks to that) he succeeded in continuing the reform of the Diocese of Prague not only in the ecclesiastical management, but also in settling the individual bishopric's districts' issues of property and economic. A set of more than 200 formularies, also known as The Formulary of Tobias of Bechyně, as well as further first-hand or indirect sources, allow us to recognize those issues. This section comprises of an economic history in a narrower sense and also the history of settlement, archaeology and other related branches. As the name suggests, I intend to view Tobias' personality mainly from three essential points of view - firstly as an administrator of the diocese who is responsible for the condition of his subordinate and entrusted clergy, secondly as a responsible administrator of a large property domain and finally as a politically active person. The position of the bishop as the head of the local church necessarily depended on his political assets - especially in the kingdom - financial security and the...
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The settlements and agriculture of the margins in the later middle age and early new age
Klír, Tomáš ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Smetánka, Zdeněk (referee)
This doctoral thesis presents the study of the rural milieu in the Later Middle Ages and the Early New Ages, especially with regard to its economic and settlement aspects. As a useful source of specific information we chose enclaves of margins since they are connected with contrasting settlement situation. This contrast served us well as a starting point for a discussion of more general features. The dissertation is divided into four parts. The first part deals with general problems of intensive agricultural exploitation of margins. In the second part, we bring forward a concrete example and discuss agricultural systems, which were employed on the enclave from the Early New Ages, namely, on the aeolian sands near Sadská (Central Bohemia). The third part is devoted to the beginnings of the medieval settlements in this particular region. This part of our research we based on written sources. The subject of the fourth part is the analysis of all relief remains represented by the deserted medieval village Kří (near Sadská) situated on the aeolian sands. It was this deserted village, together with the interest in relief remains of medieval settlements hitherto preserved in the landscape, that gave incentive to write this dissertation. The broader temporal range of the topic was determined by two facts. Firstly,...
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The selected issues of the early middle-ages burial places
Štefan, Ivo ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Ruttkay, Alexander (referee) ; Urbanczyk, Przemyslaw (referee)
I. Introduction. The dissertation paper contains four separate studies dealing with the topíc ofburials in the Early Middle-Ages. The paper's focus is the Czech Early Middle-Ages environment, however, in all studies the author tried to integrate the Czech evolution into the Central Europe context. The contents of particular chapters is the following: II. The change in burial rites in the early middle ages as an issue for archeology and cultural anthropology. The frrst part is aimed at the crucial change which took place in the course ofthe 9th century involving the handling ofthose who died- the cremation is altemated with burials of non-bumt bodies. On the basis of the oldest skeleton graves analysis the author comes to the conclusion that the above mentioned change in the Czech environment happed somewhat later than has been generally considered until now and therefore, its historical context should be re-assessed, as well. Next parts ofthe section try to capture the burial rite change as a cultural phenomenon accompanying in a series ofEuropean areas the initial steps of the integration of traditional "gentile" societies into the structures of the Medieval Europe which was being formed. The aim of the comparison of several better knowable regions was to outline the scope of the variability of causes and...
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Intertextual and mythical. The royal seats of Piasts and Premyslids between mid-10th and late 11th century AD
Oleś, Kamila ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Sommer, Petr (referee) ; Rączkowski, Włodzimierz (referee)
In Central Europe, an early medieval architectural complex, in which palatial remnants have been either unearthed or expected on the basis of historical writing, is often classified as a royal/princely seat. Thus, the architectural criteria are used to define the residential areas. Alas, in most studies the interpreted architectural remnants are simply juxtaposed without taking into account their terresial and landscape context. I demonstrate that in some cases landscape significance of royal seats was constructed without taking into account any spatial evidence. Secondly, I illustrate that by isolating a single building within the royal seat from its landscape and textual context, the spatial aspects of the structure were misinterpreted. However, our understanding of the local environment is essential to identify the role of architectural "quotation" in the semantic creation of space of the royal seats in the past. Thus, based on a textual approach to architecture and landscape, my thesis aims to deconstruct the meaning of early medieval royal seats, and to demythologize the interpretation of early medieval royal seats in Central Europe. In addition, I present that both textual (historic writing) and physical (environmental) aspects of the reality creates a historic spatiality that is polarized...
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Archaeological Research of Lipany 1434 Battlefield. Possibilities of Battlefield Archaeology at the Late Medieval Locality.
Šámal, Zdeněk ; Matoušek, Václav (advisor) ; Klápště, Jan (referee)
The submitted archeological exploration of area associated with the important battle of the Hussite wars near Lipany on May 30, 1434 was primarily focussed on searching for material remains of this short military event. The project is essentially based on field research using the methodology of battlefield archaeology - the most often research approach concerning conflicts in the early modern history both in the Czech Republic and abroad. The field research was preceded by an analysis of written and iconographic sources relating to the Battle of Lipany and Hussite Wars and by a detailed study of historical maps. The detector prospection combined with targeting the findings by GPS coordinate method for more than four years brought approximately forty findings directly or chronologically related to the event being investigated. Most of them are small militaria (crossbow bullets, projectiles for firearms, spur fragments), the set is complemented by small coins and personal items. Findings related to the battle indicate a spatial relationship, they refer to some of the terrain sites that were the scene of different phases of the conflict. The exploration presumably managed to locate the place where the wagon fort of radical Hussite was situated, other sites indicate a relation to combat maneuvers...
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Usage of sandstone bedrock in Bohemian rural environment
Pohunková, Iva ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Podroužek, Kamil (referee)
The thesis discusses settlement relics and other traces of landscape use in sandstone bedrock of northern Bohemia from medieval ages up to 1st half of the 20th century. Three polygonal areas of interest covering an area of 1 km2 each were selected: area of hamlet Lešnice in the region of Roverské skály, area of Truskavna village in the region of Kokořínsko and area of Podkost village in the Český ráj region. The thesis compares these area and types of object found by field survey from 2015 and 2017-2019. It includes a detailed listing of documented objects, plans of chosen sites and detailed maps for each polygon. Keywords sandstone, field survey, small monuments, rock dwellings, Middle Ages, Modern period, everday life
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The Evolution of Medieval Settlements in the Region of Český Brod to the Year 1437
Trojan, David ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Klápště, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the history of medieval settlement of the specific region of Českobrodsko which lies on the interface of several specific, mainly estate, sectors of interest which is one of the reasons for the choosing and demarcation of the area. In four main chapters the thesis outlines developmental trends and tendencies of the settlement, formed mostly by a very difficult to capture internal colonisation and the consecutive process of so-called medieval transformation and expansion during the 14th century, connected to the expansion of power in this region and into this region. Key words Middle Ages - Settlements - Colonisation - Emphyteusis - The region of Český Brod - Town Český Brod - Economic background of Medieval Prague - Prague (arch)bishopric's properties - Burghers of Prague
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The old probostry at Prague Castle in the 14th-16th centuries
Žegklitzová, Lucie ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Boháčová, Ivana (referee)
The Old Probostry (No. 48) ranks among the most significant monuments of Prague Castle. Its origin was connected with the seat of prague bishop, which was situated in tigh contact with Saints Vitus Cathedral till the end od the 13th century. During the 80s it took place the archaeological excavations and simultaneously the constructional-historical research. The previous publications were concentrated on the issues of the House of Bishop of Prague. This work is concerned with the problems of the Old Probostry during the 14th-16th century. Keywords: Prague Castle, Bishop's residence, probostry, late Middle Ages, early modern age
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Small ceramic figures from medieval Prague
Kabeláčová, Petra ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Cymbalak, Tomasz Marian (referee)
The thesis deals with basic issues of small medieval ceramic figures from the 13th to the 16th century. This includes, in addition to figures generally considered toys and devotionalia, also miniature containers, which are classified as toys. An important part of this work is also a catalogue which gathers Prague finds from the above mentioned categories. Another topic is the reflection of lower order pilgrimage sites, indicated by the ceramic figures of saints. In the final part, the thesis deals with the topic of the status of children in medieval society and the possibilities of contribution of archaeology to this issue. Key words Prague, middle ages, ceramic figures, children's toys, figures of the saints, small containers
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