|
|
Secondary Metabolits of Bryophytes
Štěpán, Michal ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
The bryophytes are a very old group of plants that are credited with being the first to make the transition to land. To make this land transition possible, plants needed to develop strategies to combat various external environmental factors. And these means, to effectively combat the struggle on land, are various secondary metabolites. It goes without saying that the development of various protective mechanisms did not end there. In the conditions in which mosses live, they need to fight against various fungi and bacteria. In the fight against these organisms, they also use various secondary metabolites, of course. Moss secondary metabolites are a very interesting and understudied field. In this work, information regarding secondary metabolites of bryophytes and their analysis as well as the possible uses of isolated secondary metabolites are included. The beginnings of secondary metabolite research are covered, from one of the first terpenes isolated, which was marchantin in Marchantia polymorpha, to present-day studies focusing on the discovery of new secondary metabolites directly in selected representatives of bryophytes and, of course, their applicability in human activities. It has been confirmed from various international publications that bryophytes produce specific secondary metabolites...
|
|
|
The Jizera Mountains Peatbogs as a Model Biotope for Teaching Ecology
Marelová, Tereza ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
The main topic of the bachelor's thesis is the Jizera Mountains peatlands and their use in teaching ecology. The aim of the thesis is to summarize information about the bog as a biotope and use it practically in teaching biology. The thesis is divided into two main parts - the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter introduces the reader to the peatlands of the Protected Landscape Area of the Jizera Mountains and focuses on the legal demarcation of protected areas. It describes in more detail the local flora and fauna and the definition of the origin, development, importance and use of peat as well as the negative consequences of the extraction of this raw material and the subsequent protection of these areas as a unique natural biotope for many organisms. The second chapter introduces the reader to the general characteristics of ecology and its disciplines, it also focuses on individual relationships between organisms. The last part of the theoretical part of the chapter is focused on the teaching of ecology in elementary school and its concept in the teaching of the second level. The practical part deals with the use of bogs in the teaching of natural history at primary school and presents a proposal for an excursion to one of...
|
|
|
Medical Herbs in the Czech Republic and their Use Depending on the Contained Active Substances
Casková, Petra ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
This thesis is focused on the use of medicinal herbs from the ancient past, starting with the world's earliest history of medicine, through the earliest evidence of the cultivation and use of medicinal herbs in the Czech lands, to their importance in contemporary pharmacology. The main aim is to create a concise, comprehensive overview of the methods of obtaining medicinal plants, including their collection and cultivation, their processing and subsequent possibilities of use. This thesis also includes ways of protecting plant species on the basis of regulations and laws within the European Union and in the Czech Republic. It also introduces individual species of the most commonly cultivated or collected medicinal plants and contains data on production, export and import within the Czech Republic. A list of substances contained in the drug and their effects on the human organism is also included in this thesis. In the next section, the most used medicinal herbs in the Czech Republic are listed, sorted accoding to their effects. The appendix contains a glossary of the most frequently used technical terms related to this subject. The second part of the appendix contains 33 photographs of selected medicinal plants mentioned in this thesis. The conclusion is dedicated to a summary of current trends in...
|
|
| |
|
|
The Importance of Dinoflagellates in Marine Ecosystems
Suldovská, Eva ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Soldán, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the unicellular organisms dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata), which belong to the SAR supergroup, specifically in the Alveolata infrakingdom. They are widespread in marine and freshwater ecosystems around the world. Dinoflagellates are a highly heterogeneous group of organisms with an important role as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. The thesis focuses especially on marine dinoflagellates and their importance for marine ecosystems. Some species of dinoflagellates have the ability to bioluminescence, which they use in their life strategy. Dinoflagellates have an ability to form vital symbiotic relationships, for example with corals. If the symbiosis between a coral and its dinoflagellate is disturbed, it can cause the global phenomenon coral bleaching. Dinoflagellates are associated with many other dangerous global phenomena. The red tides phenomenon is caused by the overgrowth of dinoflagellates and they can also cause the severe poisoning of organisms through excreted toxins. The bachelor thesis also focuses on methods that could help reduce the consequences of these global dinoflagellate-caused phenomena. The main aim of this bachelor thesis was to create a literature review dealing with the characteristics of dinoflagellates and their ecological...
|
|
| |
|
|
Biology of epiphytic bryophytes: methods of study
Reitschmiedová, Erika ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Novozámská, Eva (referee)
This thesis is aimed to provide basic description and summary of methods used to study biology/ecology of bryophytes, especially epiphytes. Described methods include study of mosses and liverworts; hornworts are not included due to the fact that their epiphytic form is not known. There are five chapters in this thesis, all of them are primarily focused on description of basic or most useful methods for studying phenology, growth, bioindication and environmental conditions, e.g. light and water relationship measurement as well as bark pH measurement. The last one, "Forms and Strategies", is only terminological and it includes terms of life and growth forms and life strategy which are used in studying colonies of bryophytes.
|
|
|
Field bryophytes of the Czech Republic
Man, Matěj ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Němcová, Lenka (referee)
3 ABSTRACT More than 30 % of agricultural land in Europe also Czech Republic is covered by arable fields. There is no evidence about diversity of some arable fields bounded species groups. In general the diversity of arable land species is less than the wild land species. For increasing species diversity in agricultural land European commission comes up with agri environmental farming schemes in 90's. Till now real effectiveness of the agri environmental schemes is not clear for all species groups. In my thesis I have investigated whether the diversity and community composition of arable bryophytes species is influenced by agri environmental or conventional management on cereal fields. The influence of agri environmental management on arable bryophytes was never investigated in Europe unlike the other species groups like vascular plants, non vertebrates or vertebrates. The thesis stands on dataset provided by Ministry of agriculture for 3 Czech regions (kraj Vyso ina, Pardubický kraj, St edo eský kraj). My own research of arable bryophytes diversity held on 12 fields within 6 localities is the main part of the thesis supplemented by basic soil measurements and climatic characteristics extractions. Main result of the thesis is finding that conventional management has marginally positive effect on arable...
|
|
| |
|
|
Diversity of the genus Riccia (Marchantiophyta)
Spurná, Veronika ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to give a brief overview of the genus Riccia. It belongs to the same taxonomic group as the genus Ricciocarpos Corda, family Ricciaceae (order Marchantiales, department Marchantiophyta). Both genera have a simple endosporophile and they do not possess elaters. The genus Riccia has a wide ecological valency. The representatives of the genus, who are adapted to life in drier areas, are able to grow on bare, sunny, clay soil. Other species can be found on wet places with high water occurrence or even directly in the aquatic environment. The genus has a worldwide distribution. The most abundant diversity is in subtropical areas with high environment variety which directly influences the diversity of this species. Representatives of this genus are able to survive extreme conditions and can very easily adapt to new conditions. They are also defined by great morphology plasticity. There are still problems to correctly distinguish some species from each other beacause of this reason. There are 13 species in the Czech Republic, three of them are easily interchangeable. Part of the thesis is therefore focused on the comparison of the species R. fluitans and R. rhenana from the Ricciella section. The former is typically found on the surface of the water. However, when found...
|
guest ::
