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Music Structure and Time Perception
Becková, Adéla ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
The diploma thesis follows the bachelor's thesis Music and Time Perception (Becková, 2017). It focuses on time perception in music. It reviews current influential theories and models in the research of time perception, and also time perception models in relation to music, ie models based on the existence of internal time clocks and models based on attentional, memory and other dynamic processes. It also focuses on the psychological aspects of the metrum, rhythm and other musical characteristics in relation to time perception. Possible use of research findings in the field of time perception in music is also mentioned. In the experimental part I applied specific findings from the current research of time perception to short acoustic stimuli in the range of suprasecond intervals using reproduction as experimental paradigma. The filled- duration illusion, the divided time illusion and an effect of tone pitch were demonstrated. The findings from the experiment could be used in future research in the field of music and time perception. Klíčová slova: time perception, music perception, psychology of time
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Rudolf Arnheim's psychology of art
Kutil, Lukáš ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The presented thesis introduces Rudolf Arnheim's core claims regarding psychology of art. Arnheim's conceptions of expression, affectivity, visual dynamics, centric and eccentric composition (etc.) are investigated within the text. Furthermore, more recent empirical findings are brought to attention to confront Arnheim's view. A complete picture of Arnheim's theory of expression should be drawn in historical context. The empirical study hereby conducted offers a closer look at a number of Arnheim's hypotheses regarding the "weight" phenomenon, as described by author. The perception of "weight" is observed in relation to the chromatic characteristics of presented stimuli. Keywords Rudolf Arnheim, Gestalttheorie, theory of expression, affectivity, perception
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Cognitive Mechanisms Associated with Proneness to Halutinations
Say, Nicolas ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (referee)
Hallucinations are often seen as a serious symptom of mental illness. Nonetheless, recent decades have produced a body of evidence that documented the presence of hallucinations even in non-clinical samples. Therefore, focusing on these samples is critical for improving understanding of processes underlying auditory hallucinations. The present study examines cognitive mechanisms that have been proposed to influence proneness to auditory hallucinations. A battery of experimental measures is implemented to assess some of the mechanisms implicated in the aetiology of hallucinations. Source monitoring, cognitive inhibition, bottom-up processes, working memory and traumatic experiences were measured in a laboratory study of 52 participants. Findings suggest that proneness to hallucinations is associated with impaired top-down processing and early traumatic experiences. No association between other cognitive mechanisms and hallucination proneness, contrary to previous evidence, has been found. This indicates that impaired source memory, working memory and bottom-up processing impairments might distinguish clinical and non-clinical hallucinators. An alternative implication of these findings points at issues with reproducibility in the hallucination research. Keywords: Auditory verbal hallucinations,...
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Visual perception of media photography
Černá, Iveta ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Novák, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to describe the way people perceive media photography. Therefore I first focus on general aspects of photography perception, namely scene recognition, saliency and memorability. Then I focus on media photography, namely on reportage photography, its technical aspects, semantic saliency in the terms of emotional effect and ethics related to it. The aim of the suggested study is to contribute to the knowledge about semantic saliency of photography by empirically researching the emotional effect of photography on its memorability, including observing whether there is an difference in memorability depending on depiction of children or adults and also on depiction of individuals or groups of people. Keywords scene understanding, gist, saliency, memorability, media photography
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Boudary Extension and Scene Memory in Panorama
Denemarková, Martina ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Vranka, Marek (referee)
This thesis follows up a cognitive psychological phenomenon, called boundary extension. This effect describes a situation, when we remember parts of a scene during scene perception, which could be located outside of the frame, but we actually did not see it. The literary review part offers up summary of fundamental findings of approximately thirty years of research of this phenomenon. The research part submits an experiment examining a boundary extension in panoramic photographs with respect to an effect of multiple factors, a sequence length (nine and thirteen frames), a type of sequence (indoor and outdoor), a target picture size (normal, close-up, wide-angle). This experiment is the first larger study of boundary extension in Czech population and the examined effect of factors was not experimentally verified in previous studies. Keywords Boundary extension, panoramic photographs, sequence length, type of sequence, target picture size
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Gamification in Psychological Research
Dvořák, Jáchym ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
This thesis summarizes latest scientific literature on gamification; it defines this phenomenon, describes its basic principles and links it with contemporary psychological theories of motivation. Simultaneously, it is concerned with the effectiveness of gamification and describes behavioral as well as psychological variables which may be influenced by it. Furthermore, this thesis brings a summary of recommendations for the implementation of gamification in practice and describes its use in psychological research. It further fluently translates into a project proposal, which aims to investigate attrition in psychological research and the possible effect of gamification on this variable. Lastly, it includes criticisms of this phenomenon.
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Smell tests in Alzheimer's disease diagnostics and their cognitive correlates
Vaškovicová, Michaela ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
This thesis is focused on the use of olfactory tests in neuropsychological diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease and on the cognitive correlates of these tests. The literature review briefly summarizes current knowledge of the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease and its dynamically developing criteria. Attention is also paid to the olfactory impairment that occurs during the course of this disease, as well as to specific psychophysical olfactory tests. The research part summarizes the results of research within the grant GACR 17-05292S, 01. 01. 2017 - 31. 12. 2019 - New blood biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and course of Alzheimer's disease held at the Psychiatric Clinic of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital. The exploratory analysis examines possible cognitive correlates of the olfactory Sniffin' Sticks test. Practical experience with olfactory test is evaluated in the discussion. Keywords Alzheimer's disease, olfactory deficit, smell tests, Sniffin'-Sticks, neuropsychological diagnostics
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Integration of Method of Explication and Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Method on the Level of Theory and Application
Plachý, Jakub ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
In this thesis, two qualitative methods based on phenomenology are introduced at the theoretical level - the Method of Explication (EM) and the Descriptive Phenomenological-Psychological Method (DFPM). EM assists the researcher in obtaining qualitative data, while DFPM is adapted to process it. The integration of these methods thus seems to be a way to overcome the incompleteness and limitations of solely EM or DFPM application. The next section, therefore, introduces the Attention-Description-Ideation-Application method (ADIA) based on the integration of EM and DFPM. The most important contribution of the new ADIA method is the detailed practical guidance that a researcher can follow to explore their own direct experience with the world - the researcher can become the subject of their own psychological research. The emerging method was used from the outset to examine the author's own experience of basic military training (BMT), leading to a constant review of the theoretical and methodological conclusions about 3PA and to improvements in its structure. The results of this research are presented at the end of this thesis which has a dual focus and potentially two benefits: on the one hand, it suggests a relatively comprehensive 3PA method designed for direct experience research, while secondly...
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Memory for human faces
Chlebounová, Eliška ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Novák, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor thesis presents a general introduction to the topic of Memory for human faces. The occipital face area (OFA), fuziform face area (FFA) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) are firstly introduced, as they are the three major brain areas responsible for face memory. The negative voltage wave in event related potential N170, which took place when human face is presented to the viewer, is also mentioned. Then there are described the variables that interfere with the process of remembering human faces connected with the observer, whose task is to remember the presented face, and the person who is being observed. These can be ethnicity, face movement, emotion, attractiveness or age. We also mention the "super-recognizers", the individuals who are able to remember faces unbelievably well. On the other hand, there are people with condition called prosopagnosis, for whom is the identification of presented face very huge challenge. In the last part there are presented visual stimuli and research designs, that are most commonly used to explore memory for faces. The design of the research project then verifies the appropriateness of using 2D photographs compared to using a video sequence when examining memory for faces. Key words face recognition - face memory - visual stimuli
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Visual Memory in the perception of prototypical scenes
Děchtěrenko, Filip ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
To be able to operate in the world around us, we need to store visual information for further processing. Since we are able to memorize a vast array of visual scenes (photographs of the outside world), it is still an open question of how we represent these scenes in memory. Research shows that perception and memory for visual scenes is a complex problem that requires contribution from many subfields of vision science. In this work we focused on the visual scene memory on the creation of perceptual prototypes. Using convolutional neural networks, we defined the similarity of scenes in the scene space, which we used in two experiments. In the first experiment, we validated this space using a paradigm for detecting an odd scene. In the second experiment, using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm, we verified the creation of false memories and thus visual prototypes. The results show that people intuitively understand the scene space (Experiment 1) and that a visual prototype is created even in the case of the complex stimuli such as scenes. The results have wide application either for machine evaluation of image similarities or for visual memory research.
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