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Text data mining as an viable method of Japanese studies
Štefková, Tereza ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Rosen, Alexandr (referee)
In this thesis we address the problem of possible utilization of text mining methods in the field of Japanese studies. We review the fundamental text mining approaches and their practical applications in the first part. Then we elaborate on the topic of preprocessing with special focus on techniques used for Japanese and English texts. In the main part of the thesis we apply text mining methods to three concrete research questions relevant in Japanese studies. The first research topic illustrates the technique of clustering applied to works written by two Japanese proletarian authors to reveal interesting topic patterns in their writings. The second topic makes use of the sentiment analysis with the aim of studying the extent of negative sentiment expressed in both foreign and Japanese newspaper articles that refer to Japanese officials' visits to Yasukuni shrine. Finally, we address methods of automatic summarization and their application to Japanese as well as English sample texts. The results obtained are discussed in detail with a special focus on the assessment of viability of the presented methods in Japanese studies.
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Age as a factor in politeness strategy and politeness expressions selection in Japanese
Báňová, Kateřina ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
This thesis addresses the speaker's age as a factor influencing their politeness strategies. The theoretical part defines politeness and language that express it in Japanese within the bounds of a specific illocutionary act - instruction to stop an inappropriate activity (forbiddance), in other words the so called negative face-threatening act. The practical part introduces the results of a qualitative study based on the method of a controlled structured interview with female representatives of three generations of a Tokyo family. I analyze language behavior of each generation's representative throughout their speech act in dependence on the formality of the situation and the concrete social constellation, with the aim of defining the influence of the speaker's age on her usage of strategies and concrete language means. The conclusion summarizes the outcomes of the research and confronts it with the general theory. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Use of first person pronouns in Japanese: the case of junior and senior high school students in Ishikawa prefecture
Minxová, Pavla ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Labus, David (referee)
First-person pronouns in Japanese represent an often discussed topic, especially in the field of sociolinguistics. A great amount of new papers study in detail language behaviour of specific population groups. However, general understanding of these pronominal forms is still based on stereotypical structures. These structures are not valid for non- representative demographic groups which nonetheless represent a big part of the population. The first part of the thesis introduces the reader into the problematics of first- person pronouns in Japanese and presents the results of previous relevant research. That is to a certain point used to interpret the results of the research presented in the second part. The goal of this thesis is to discover what first-person pronouns students of junior high and senior high schools in Ishikawa prefecture use to refer to themselves in different situations. It is further researched what first-person pronouns are considered by the target group as suitable for men and women of different age groups. These "suitable" expressions for the age group of focus are then compared to the expressions they actually use. Key words Japanese, first-person pronouns, language varieties, Ishikawa prefecture
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Asymmetry of Sentence Segments in Japanese to Czech translations
Jirkal, Martin ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
It is evident from the data included in the Czech-Japanese Parallel Corpus that apparent qualitative shifts between corresponding sentence segments in source and target languages appear due to the process of translation from Japanese. My goal then is the analysis of this asymmetry of sentences in translations from Japanese to Czech and evaluation of its causes and effects. This issue is viewed through the theory of translation universals (explicitation, implicitation, normalization, simplification). However, it is also concerned with the theory of information density, although its application has during the research appeared at least problematic. The theoretical outlook of translatology on these theories and the detailed process of sample selection is discussed in the introduction of the thesis. The results of the analysis of asymmetric sentences are discussed in the central part of the thesis, which is mainly concerned with the summary of language features and situations creating this asymmetry but also with the question which general trends can be considered to exist in Japanese-Czech translation based on this summary. Finally, the distribution of asymmetric segments in six analysed translation is studied as well as the potential influence of translators on their creation. Keywords: Japanese,...
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Comparison of use of body parts in idiomatic expressions in Czech and Japanese
Doucková, Ilona ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
and Keywords The aim of this thesis is comparison of 6 selected somatic words (head, eye, nose, ear, mouth, heart) in Czech and Japanese idioms based on the data collected from available idiomatic dictionaries in both languages. The theoretical part explains the approach to idiomatic and phraseological units in Japanese and Czech language (definition and characteristic features of idioms including their classification), followed by presenting the cognitive methodology used for analyzing the corpus incorporating semantic categories for idiom classification based on their somatic words in a role of idiom components. The practical part is structured into chapters focusing on the selected somatic words successively, where a dictionary definition precedes the introduction of semenatic categories for each somatic word, including the background information for practical use of those idioms. The final part presents the summary of the semantic class analysis limited to gathered idiomatic data, and conclusions that we could reach after the analysis was completed. Keywords: idioms, Japanese idioms, Czech idioms, cognitive linguistics, semantic categories, somatic words, human body
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Polysemy of Japanese V-V compound verbs- a corpus analysis
Nohejl, Adam ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Rosen, Alexandr (referee)
The thesis analyses Japanese verb-verb compound verbs using a corpus in order to build a pedagogical word list of these verbs accounting for their polysemy. First, the typology and characteristics of Japanese compound verbs are discussed. The following review of pedagogical resources identifies the need for a list of compound verbs and their senses based on frequency criteria. A methodology for creating the word list and assessing its utility to learners is discussed with attention to the characteristics of the Japanese language. The resulting word list based on a corpus analysis (included in the appendix) consists of 37 compound verbs, out of which 32 are lexical, includes 45 senses of lexical compound verbs. It covers 17.95 % of the lexical compound verb occurrences, which is proportional to covering 85 % verbs overall. Finally, the quantitative characteristics of Japanese compound verbs and English phrasal verbs are compared. The comparison shows that the Japanese compound verbs are more frequent and diverse and therefore also likely to be an major stumbling block for language learners.
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Register defining character of a Jovial Osakan in contemporary Japanase novels and their Czech translations
Vrbovský, Matej ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to address the issue regarding successful translation of yakuwarigo, Japanese character defining register, to Czech language. This study is based on the assumption that yakuwarigo used to describe the literary character of a "jovial Osakan" is derived from an existing regional variation of Japanese language, namely the Kansai region dialect, and that the specific traits it refers to are based on historical and cultural facts of the said region. In this aspect the role defining register of "Osakan" is superimposing with the notion of social deixis, interpreted in a broader sense. This overlap thus enables to pursue the issue with the help of literature regarding translation of dialects. This thesis treats translation from a descriptive standpoint and evaluates the successfulness of existing Czech translations, defined here as the extent of transmission of comparable non-language information (i.e. social deictic meaning) present in the source language original to target language translation, by the means of an public inquiry. The final results of this thesis should be able to provide instrumental information and used as a reference in the selection process of a suitable translation strategy in the case of translating a Japanese character defining language means into Czech...
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Genre-Conditioned Variation of Cohesive Devices in Japanese
Černáčková, Júlia ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
e Abstract (in English): The aim of the present thesis is to investigate the differences in cohesive devices use in selected Japanese texts of different genes. The English conception of cohesion (based on Halliday and Hasan's "Cohesion in English") is applied to Japanese with several slight modifications and the following devices and their sub-types are examined: reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. Using three texts of different genres- book review, newspaper article and a fictional narrative- the assumption of genre-conditioned variation of cohesive devices employment is scrutinized and the distinctions and similitudes are described. The first, general theory part of the thesis presents the basic concepts related to cohesion. In the second part, both English and Japanese perspectives on cohesion are presented. Subsequently, the English (Halliday and Hasan's) concept is evaluated as a more pertinent one and applied in the Japanese textual environment. Subsequent parts of the paper present research questions as well as supporting arguments to the examined underlying assumption and provide an overview of methodology applied in analysis of the selected texts. In the final part, the results concerning cohesion articulation in various genres in Japanese obtained from the analysed...
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Semantic Scope and Use of Numeric Characters in Japanese Four Character Compounds "Yojijukugo"
Sláčík, Antonín ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
In research I focus on architecture of japanese four character compound "yojijukugo". By various constelations of two main types of characters are yojijukugo able to express more informations than just sum of characters which it contains. This ability might be the key to discover new way of information transfer which, in my opinion, might be beneficial in a world of IT. At first i focus on problematic definition of yojijukugo term itself. Problematics of idiomatic and nonidiomatic yojijukugo division and summarize previous research in the field. In research itself I divide yojijukugo components into two main types of characters. Characters of Quality and Substance. Using them i define specific syntax for each one of five constelations. I defined those five basic constelations: Equivalent, Comparative, Neutral, Dynamic and Static. Functions of characters in constelations are shown and described on examples. In the end i summarize the results of research and reveal the narrative mechanism inside yojijukugo four character compounds as well as think about ways of possible implementation in IT.
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Supernatural Beings in Japanese Literature and Comics
Nováková, Eliška ; Tirala, Martin (advisor) ; Kanasugi, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis shows the development of depicting supernatural beings in Japanese literature and comics. The thesis analyses three supernatural beings - fox (kitsune), racoon dog (tanuki) and goblin (tengu) in three time periods - Middle Ages, Early modern period and present days. Middle Age literature is covered by collection of setsuwa legends, Early modern literature by writings of kibyoshi genre and Present days by japanese comics published after the year 2000. The aim of the first part of the thesis is to briefly outline the development of depicting of the supernatural beings and introduce analysed beings. Second part deals with analysis of the individual characters. Methodology is analysis and comparation of the Literary Characters in the context of Structural Narratology.
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