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Cube Buildings in Primary School Geometry
Asarlidu, Sofia ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (referee)
Synopsis The thesis is concerned to cube solids and their use in primary school geometry. The main direction of the thesis is the development of children's spatial visualisation. The first part contains the explanation of key words in connected to spatial vizualization. I describe the environment of cube solids and work with them in various tasks. The second part includes records and analyses of my experiments, which were realized at two fourth grade classes within several months. First experiments were realized within regular lessons, later experiments in individual meetings. Analysing the experiments I identified and described several cognitive phenomena which I tried to explain in the conclusion.
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Problem solving process of second grade pupils: Case of labyrints.
Macháčková, Šárka ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (referee) ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor)
This work is focused upon labyrinth type exercises and tasks for primary schools' second grade pupils. The main focus of my work is on how the students solve the tasks given them, and on how they communicate in order to arrive at these solutions. At the start of the work I set forth the concepts and terms used in working with the labyrinth environment. I also describe my own discovery of the labyrinth solving processes, as well as some of the challenges that I had to solve as I learned this system. In the second part of the paper there are examples of worksheets that I have prepared and tried out in the classroom. I have experimented with using them as a way of presenting labyrinth problems to my second grade pupils, and have observed the processes the children use in solving their tasks as well as how they communicate with themselves and (especially) with me. In the final part I describe all the phenomena that I have observed as well as other issues that I have run into in the course of my experiments.
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Learning difficulties in mathematics and their re-education at the primary school
Tlapáková, Šárka ; Dvořák, Petr (referee) ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (advisor)
Diplomová práce s názvem "Poruchy učení v matematice a jejich reedukace na základní škole" je zaměřena na studium obtíží v matematice, které se objevují u žáků prvních až devátých ročníků. Práce je rozdělena do tří hlavních kapitol, které jsou pak ještě dále děleny na dílčí podkapitoly. První část tvoří teoretický základ o specifických vývojových poruchách obecně. Ten je nutný pro další studium poruch učení v matematice a zasazuje tak poruchy učení v matematice do širšího kontextu specifických vývojových poruch. Druhá kapitola je zaměřena konkrétně na poruchy a narušení matematických funkcí. Celý tento úsek tvoří teorie nezbytná pro pochopení této problematiky v praxi. Poslední, tedy třetí kapitola je orientována právě na praxi. Její podkapitoly se zabývají statistikou na Základní škole v Heřmanově Městci, výukovými programy na PC a mojí spoluprací s integrovaným chlapcem. Cílem mé práce bylo obohatit si teoretické znalosti, poznat práci s integrovanými žáky na základní škole a zkusit s nimi pracovat.
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The Perception of Fractions in Pupils between the Ages of 9-13
Langerová, Linda ; Hejný, Milan (advisor) ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (referee)
The graduadion theses named "A Conception of fractions by pupils in the age from 9 to 13" is concerned with a subject matter of fractions mainly at the first degree of primary school. The theses contains experiments that were conducted at two primary schools. All of these projects were focused on understating fractions, and on an approach to a school-girl with unique educational needs, and on an analysis of relevant school-books according to set evaluative criteria. The main goal of the theses is to familiarize fractions in view of matematics and didactics.
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Influence of short-term memory on achievement of pupils in special schools
Podrazilová, Jana ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
a klíčová slova diplomové práce v anglickém jazyce Key words: Memory - short - term memory - learning Pedagogy - special pedagogy Game - didactic game - mathematic - geometrical pexeso - arithmetic environment of stepping Annotation My master thesis is focused on the analysis of influence of motivation on short-term memory and in consequence on long-term memory in education of mathematics in second and third class of practical and special elementary schools. I have considered the influence of didactic games on short term-memory and affecting minor school age children's output. During my work I have used didactic games and different short-term memory exercises, focused on mathematical area. I have verified the influence on long-term memory through prepared work sheets. During the experiment I have used two didactic settings, the first one geometric - pexeso, the second one arithmetic environment of stepping. During experiments I have developed specialised games and exercises for pupils of practical and special elementary schools and articulated its methods. Games and work sheets will be possible to use not only on practical and special elementary schools, which they are made for, but also on common elementary schools.
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Planar brainteasers and their application to increase mathematical literacy of special educational needs children
Brázdová, Barbora ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee)
Key words: Pentominoes Tangram Affine mapping Special educational needs pupils Orientation of flat Resume: My thesis deals with different ways of use of Pentominoes and Tangram brain-teasers in teaching of mathematics to special educational needs pupils. In the theoretical part I introduced these brain-teasers, I explained affine mapping using their particular pieces, I analysed similar tasks in mathematics textbooks for 6 to 10-year-olds and pointed out the issues of special educational needs pupils. In the practical part I described a few lessons of experimental education with six pupils of practical basic school. In the first year we dealt with Tangram brain-teaser. We made the separate pieces of paper, we handled wooden cubes and used Tangram pictures for development of visual perception and approximation of affine mapping. The next year the pupils schemed out their Pentominoes cubes first and then they worked with them. They drew them in a grid, built pictures, played a game for two etc. At the end I summarised my thesis and I evaluated it.
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Mathematics and dyscalculic children
Kopsová, Veronika ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The diploma work is focusted on the problems of dyscalculic pupils in learning mathematics. The experimental work was focused on observing pupils solving word tasks, web tasks and stepping tasks. The diploma work has two parts. The first part is theoretical, where I deal with where and what way the discalculic pupil makes mystakes, on the basis of professional literature. The second part is more important and this part includes practical examples and analyses of tasks solved by dyscalculic pupils. I am concerned mainly in unusual features and analysing mistakes in thein work.
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Environment Walk as a tool for the development of pupil's understanding of number and aditive operations
Janešová, Vendula ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (referee) ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor)
In this thesis the environment of the Walk is used as the instrument that can help you to understand a number as a operator or an address and to make sense of arithmetical operations such as algebraic addition and substraction too. The preparatory part details the environment of the Stepping and its affiliated environment of Stairs. In the experimental part are presented 4 experiments that were realized with children from the mentioned environmet of first, second and fourth forms of the first-degree of the elementary school. In the analysis is disclosed and described a spectrum of congnitive and interactive effects.
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Influence of Language and Culture on the Solving of Mathematics Assignments. Mathematics and German.
Jansová, Klára ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (referee)
Diplomová práce se zabývá výukou matematiky v němčině, konkrétně vlivem jazyka a reálií na řešení matematických úloh. Práce je rozdělena do dvou částí - teoretické a praktické. V první části jsou shrnuty teoretické předpoklady a východiska z oblasti psychického vývoje myšlení, výuky cizího jazyka, výuky v cizím jazyce a srovnání českého a německého jazyka. Druhá část popisuje výzkum, který se zaměřuje na prokázání nebo popření vlivu jazyka a reálií na úspěšnost řešení žáků dvou českých a jedné německé školy. Základem pro analýzu výzkumu je porovnání řešení úloh zadaných v mateřském a cizím jazyce.
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