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Legal status of Jews under the rule of Marie Therese and Joseph II
Javůrková, Johana ; Adamová, Karolina (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
67 Resumé The legal statute of the Jews in the time of the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the legal statute of Jewish minority in the Czech lands in the time of the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. Main concentration is thus focused upon the second half of the 18th century. The reason for my research is to try to understand the background of their long lasting bad treatment during previous centuries and its changes in the upcoming time of the Enlightenment. The thesis is composed of three chapters, each of them dealing with different historical background and timeline. Chapter One is introductory and describes the long way of the Jews from the origin of Jewish nation in the Middle East, followed by the beginning of jewish diaspora and its european history until the French Revolution. Chapter Two describes the legal history of the Jews settled in the Czech lands since their beginning in the 10th century until the introduction of the infamous restrictive so called Familiants laws in 1726. Chapter Three deals directly with the main topic, the legal statute of the Jews in the Czech lands in the time of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. It consists of two main parts. First is dedicated to the time of the reign of Maria Theresa and her well known decision about the...
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The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia: law as an instrument of Nazi expansion
Pivarčeková, Zuzana ; Adamová, Karolina (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the role of the law in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1945) during its economic exploitation, Germanisation and categorisation of the population as a prerequisite for an end solution to the so-called Jewish and Czech question in the plans of the Nazis. It focuses on forming this "law of lawfulness", its content and enforceability and comes to the conclusion that rule-making at that time played an important, above all, organisation-related role in implementing occupation order, however if this was an obstacle to rapid and radical solutions, it became a burden which the Nazis replaced with injustices in the form of special treatment (Sonderbehandlung) of martial law, executions and deportation to concentration camps. An example of the instrumental abuse of the law on behalf of the Nazis to pursue their expansion plans leads us to the general conclusion that to safeguard against abusing the law to control others cannot rely on the law alone, but also requires a democratically functioning society and a conscious historical memory of nations. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Military criminal law (1918-1938)
Hledík, Michal ; Soukup, Ladislav (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
130 ABSTRACT This Master's degree thesis deals with the problematics of the military criminal law in the Czechoslovak Republic between 1918 and 1938. I have chosen this theme for several reasons. First of these reasons is, that this subject mingles two legal disciplines - legal history and criminal law. Concurrently it is a topic, that has not yet been widely written up. The reason is that in both law disciplines combined in the theme of interwar criminal law, it is a marginal area of interest. Existing works in most cases focus only on a constituent parts of the problematics. In the second group of works the topic was chosen too widely and the character of resulting outputs was enumeratives, withnout providing context. The purpose of this tesis is to provide a global view on the matter of our military criminal law in the begining of 20th century and within this view then further focus on its dominant elements. The work is based mainly on the legislation effective in the given period, and the commented wordings. Another valuable source for the elaboration of the thesis were historical publications, although recent papers were not excluded. On several occasions the work marginally mentiones the comparison with the interwar general criminal law. In the topics of the military criminal law, whose legislation or...
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Nationalisation and confiscation in 1945-1948 - activities of extraordinary people's courts in individual regions
Filarová, Petra ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
Závěr I po více než šedesáti letech od konce druhé světové války jsou důsledky dekretální normotvorby v Československu nejen předmětem diskuzí historiků, ale v důsledku restitučních opatření a nároků se staly problematikou současného platného práva a také politiky. Největší spory o platnost se týkají hlavně těch dekretů, které zasáhly do vlastnických vztahů.K zániku vlastnických práv určitých osob a ke vzniku vlastnického práva jiného subjektu došlo například na základě dekretu č. 12/1945 Sb. o konfiskaci a urychleném rozdělení zemědělského majetku Němců, Maďarů, jakož i zrádců a nepřátel českého a slovenského národa a dekretu č. 108/1945 Sb. o konfiskaci nepřátelského majetku a Fondech národní obnovy.Proměny vlastnických vztahů se uskutečnily také dekrety č. 100-103/1945 Sb., na jejichž základě byla provedena první etapa znárodnění.Nutno zde podotknout, že tyto akty byly vydány formou právního předpisu s mocí zákona. Všechny výše zmiňované dekrety podléhaly dodatečnému schválení, ratihabici, která byla provedena zákonem 57/1946 Sb.Jejím uskutečněním bylo stanoveno, že všechny dekrety je třeba považovat za zákon a ústavní dekrety za ústavní zákon.Dekrety tak tvoří nedílnou součást českého právního řádu a v české právní soustavě zaujímají stejné místo jako předválečné ale i poválečné právní předpisy. Z výše...
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