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Justificatory Status of Perceptual Beliefs
Sedláková, Jana ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Glombíček, Petr (referee)
The main subject of this essay is the problem of the relationship between sensation and perceptual beliefs in terms of their justification. Wilfrid Sellars and his Empiricism & The Philosophie of Mind are central for this essay. Sellars criticizes the theory of fundamentalism and sense data theory by pointing to the Myth of the Given. The perceptual beliefs could not be basic and self-justifying. Such a hierarchical structure is implausible, because we need a lot of other concepts for understanding and forming the perceptual beliefs. The justification has to be placed in the space of reason, when we are able to be responsible for our beliefs, to give reason, to understand the objections and react to them. This debate is not examined only in terms of an isolated, static subject. On the contrary, this subject is embedded to a dynamic social structure. Sellars' position contains three main elements: normativity, intersubjektivity and holism. All these elements will be more closely examined and placed in a broader context. Finally, I will present a critical view on Sellars' position on the basis of three questions: 1, to what extent is plausible the prior character of "It is" talk to "It looks" talk 2, to what extent can we talk about the non - inferential beliefs 3, to what extent is Sellars'...
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Does consciousness exhaust the nature of thought? The meaning of Descartes's term "cogitare"
Sedláková, Jana ; Palkoska, Jan (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to deal with the problems which arise from interpretations of Descartes' term "cogitare". It concentrates on the deconstruction of the orthodox interpretations which explain the term "cogitare" as "to be conscious". The thesis aims at introducing three alternative interpretations from Czech academic environment, the one of James Hill, of Petr Glombíček, and of Tomáš Marvan. I would like to refer to the problems of orthodox reading as well as to benefits and losses of the other interpretations. I will proceed through analysis of sensory perceptions, emotions and dream. The purpose of the thesis is not to find the definite meaning of "cogitare", but to make the readers familiar with these problems and their interpretations which I find more plausible than the orthodox interpretation. The term "consciousness" is a complex term which needs to be explained in order to be capable of explaining other philosophical problems. Keywords: Descartes, thinking, consciousness, sensory perceptions, emotions, dream, self-reflection, judgment, propositional content
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Social Themes in In-Yer -Face Theatre Plays
Sedláková, Jitka ; Chalupský, Petr (advisor) ; Ženíšek, Jakub (referee)
In-Yer-Face theatre is a new kind of theatre which was established in Britain in the 1990s. With it, a new sensibility arrived into the theatre. The first part of this diploma thesis is aimed to bring to the reader's attention the concept of In-Yer-Face Theatre and investigate the life and work of two of its playwrights. The main attention will be paid to two plays, Blasted (1995) by Sarah Kane and Shopping and Fucking (1995) by Mark Ravenhill who belong to the major representatives of In-Yer-Face Theatre of the socalled 'New Writing'. The in-yer-face themes in the context of 1990s British theatre will be demonstrated on these plays.
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Delinquency of children and youth focusing on prevention
Sedláková, Jana ; Mlčková, Marie (referee) ; Šotolová, Eva (advisor)
In this thesis we would like to deal with reasons, which might lead to future delinquent behaving, to focus on legal provision concerning delinquency of children and youth, to show the particularities between children and youth offenders and find out the methods of their investigation. The inseparable part is also the chapter on prevention, in which we try to find out the types and possibilities of prevention exist and mention the particular preventive programs of Mestska policie hl. m. Prahy (The Police of the Capital of Prague). In analytical part our goal is to compare and confront the development of illegal activities of children and youth in 2004 to 2009.
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Understanding fractions in seventh- and eighth-graders
Sedláková, Jitka
Submitted work deals with an analysis of children's ways of solving mathematical problem situations in the domain of fractions and further with an effort to recognize mechanisms that stands behind these ways of solving. The problem situations (mathematical tasks) which the children have to solve are chosen in order to cover five interpretations of fractions (part-whole comparison, quotient, operator, measure and ratio) specified by Lamon (1999). A set of tasks is given to the children from the sixth and seventh grades. Data obtaining methods used in this work are as follows: observation of the children during the task solving; discussion with them about their strategies for solving and work paper analysis. The different children strategies are shown herein by means of qualitative analysis of obtaining data. The solution strategies of individual tasks are categorized according to way of solving and way of thinking. In the work it is pointed out many connections between strategies in individual tasks which were solved. It is furthermore shown, how big problem the linguistic acquirement of mathematical terms can be. Due to this problem it is necessary to learn to understand task assignments according to mathematical context requirements. It is pointed out a possible diffusion of individual fraction...
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The Understanding of Fractions by Children of the 7th and 8th Grades
Sedláková, Jitka ; Rendl, Miroslav (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
Submitted work deals with an analysis of children's ways of solving mathematical problem situations in the domain of fractions and further with an effort to recognize mechanisms that stands behind these ways of solving. The problem situations (mathematical tasks) which the children have to solve are chosen in order to cover five interpretations of fractions (part-whole comparison, quotient, operator, measure and ratio) specified by Lamon (1999). A set of tasks is given to the children from the sixth and seventh grades. Data obtaining methods used in this work are as follows: observation of the children during the task solving; discussion with them about their strategies for solving and work paper analysis. The different children strategies are shown herein by means of qualitative analysis of obtaining data. The solution strategies of individual tasks are categorized according to way of solving and way of thinking. In the work it is pointed out many connections between strategies in individual tasks which were solved. It is furthermore shown, how big problem the linguistic acquirement of mathematical terms can be. Due to this problem it is necessary to learn to understand task assignments according to mathematical context requirements. It is pointed out a possible diffusion of individual fraction...
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Implementation of SAP MM in LSG Asia
Sedláková, Jitka ; Gessner, Bernhard (referee) ; Jurová, Marie (advisor)
Thesis evaluates implementing of IT product, classifies and compares selected approaches of supply chain management. Classification will be oriented at the usability of the approaches for the evaluation of inventory management, inventory strategies and usability of SAP MM in order to highlight business benefits for LSG Lufthansa Service Holding AG, operating in airline catering business. Concerning size range limitation of the paper, LSG Lufthansa Service Hong Kong Ltd will be analysed followed by defining relevant differences with regards to material flow processes only in LSG Sky Chefs Thailand Ltd.
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Supporting families in the context of current demographic trends in the Czech Republic
Kupková, Vendula ; Kaczor, Pavel (advisor) ; Sedláková, Jaroslava (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the demographic trends in the Czech Republic, on explanation of the principal demographic terms, on comparison of trends in the Czech Republic with neighboring countries and it shows the predictions of demographic trends for the future. It also analyse the benefits for families, what types of the support exists in the Czech Republic and it compares this support with other countries. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the support for families in the Czech republic, find some imperfections and try to recommend some solutions how to motivate families to have children. The other aim of the thesis is to find some economic and social risks by the analysis of the historical demographic trends.
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