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The Analysis of the Funding and the Level of Transport Services of Public Transport Network in The City of Prague in the years 2001-2012
Čáp, Vilém ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the funding and the level of transport services of public transport network in the City of Prague, and to compare the mutual correlations of the funding and the level of transport services of public transport network in the City of Prague in the years 2001-2012. This topic is very timely given the current development of the Czech economy, which is logically reflected in the development of the economy of the City of Prague, and thus one of the main areas, transport. Topicality of the theme is enhanced by developments in Prague Transport Company. In the theoretical section are listed and explained the basic concepts and definitions of the problems being solved. This section is mostly about economic theories dealing with the state budget, budget determination taxes, financing municipalities and consequently financing transport services of municipalities. Economics of transport and the criteria by which the level of development of transport services can be measured are also not omitted. In the practical part the trend in the volume of funds earmarked for the financing public transport in the City of Prague is listed. This section also focuses on the development of the level of public transport particularly in terms of traffic performance, development of articulated vehicles dispatching and circulation of vehicles productivity. In the conclusion of the practical part are processed the comparison and the evaluation of interdependencies between the funding and the level of public transport network in the City of Prague in the years 2001-2012.
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Income poverty in the Czech Republic and social transfer system effectiveness in its elimination in years 2005-2013
Kubelková, Karina ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee) ; Průša, Ladislav (referee) ; Kalmus, Jaromír (referee)
The dissertation deals with the issue of poverty in the Czech Republic, especially with its economic, political and historical context of development, theory and practice of its measurement and possible international comparability, both in scale and in terms of the effectiveness of social transfers system. The effectiveness is understood as reducing the extent of poverty represented by the at-risk-of-poverty rate used e.g. in Europe 2020 Strategy. The aim of the dissertation is to analyze the problem of income poverty and its development in the Czech Republic with a special focus on the effectiveness of the social transfers system in relation to reducing the extent of income poverty. The effectiveness is analyzed separately in case of social transfers as a whole, and in case of social transfers excluding old-age and survivors' pensions. The emphasis has been placed on international comparisons and on the poorest layers of the population represented by the study of the lower poverty lines than the standard one. Based on empirical analysis of survey data from the EU-SILC, it was disproved that the effectiveness of the Czech social transfers system was above average compared to the countries of the same welfare state model, the CEE region and the EU during the years 2005-2013. The Czech pension system plays a crucial role in the level of effectiveness of the social transfers system. The good position of the Czech Republic among the all three studied groups of countries in terms of effectiveness is maintained mainly thanks to its pension system.The current low level of poverty rate was achieved mainly thanks to the pre-crisis measures, respectively due to the specific timing of these measures package. The contribution of this dissertation consists in complex and systematized view of the income poverty in the Czech Republic, accompanied by the analysis of the effectiveness of the social transfer system. This analysis, owing to the time series (2005-2013), applied methods (methods of the European Commission vs. IZA method) and scope of the international comparison (welfare state model, CEE region and EU), has no similarity in the Czech scientific literature so far.
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Decrease in employment of women taking care of children under three years old as a result of parenthood
Bartůsková, Lucia ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee) ; Šimek, Milan (referee)
The dissertation addresses the issue of the relationship of parenthood, employment and economic inactivity of childcare holders. It focuses on the mother's motivation to work (mothers taking care of children under 3 years of age) in the context of Czech social policy measures. The aim of the thesis is establish proposals for measures that would encourage the motivation of women with children up to 3 years to return to work and simultaneously quantify the impact of these measures on the state budget. This dissertation builds up on the underlying studies (Jahoda, Šinkyříková, 2011; Kalíšková, 2012). These studies deal mainly with examining implemented reforms in the view of their support to women's employment and their effects on household incomes. The decision making of mothers about their involvement in the labour market was analyzed by indicator of Effective cost of return to work. Negative net financial effect of returning to work was found independently of the region and the extent of the examined working time of women, taking care of children up to 2 years. For mothers taking care of children from 2 to 3 years old was this negative net financial effect detected only partly. This result clearly demonstrates that mothers, taking care of children below 3 years of age, entering the labour market are confronted with very high additional costs that would not be covered by their income from employment and other received benefits. Estimated amount of potential wages, which would encourage women to return to work, reach in some cases up to four times the median wage of women in the region. Given these findings, this dissertation proposes several specific social policy measures, which would support the mother's incentives to work return. Economic effects of the proposed measures were quantified, including the cancelation of conditional entitlement to parental benefit, introduction of tax relief for working mothers and 50% relief on employer's mandatory contributions, which employ parents part-time. Implementation of these measures, which would motivate more women to return to work, would bring an estimated net income effect for the state budget amounting to 9.5 billion crowns per year.
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Analysis of the church restitutions in the Czech Republic and their effects on government budgets, church financing and and overall relations between state and churches.
Klepek, Cyril ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to analyse church property restitutions and overall relations between state and churches in Czech. This issue is up to date not only from economic policy perspective. Church restitutions and its appropriateness is also the core topic in currently public discussion. For analytical part purposes are in theoretical part discussed several theories: theory of interest groups, rent-seeking, theoretical concept of church financing and basic theories from economics of religion. In analytical part is the core analysis of church restitutions and their consequences for government budgets itself. In this part is also analysis of property relations between state and churches from historical development to present-day situation. Than is discuss the Act No. 428/2012 Sb. It has been demonstrated many problematic aspects of this act like high non- transparency, inequality before the law and strong influence of interest groups. Financial analysis concluded that positive impact of the act will be not sooner than in 50- 60 years.
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Analysis of the price level and gasoline quantum sold at a chosen distributor in the Czech Republic and in Poland
Hlůšek, Jakub ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to analyse dependency between setting of the price level and gasoline quantum sold at a chosen distributor in the Czech Republic and in Poland. In the first part of the thesis, there are characterized price theory, tax theory, theory of state interventions, supply, demand and price elasticity of demand. In the second part, first, there is analysed whole market with fuels in both countries with their comparison. These markets have had slightly different development and they do have different market structure, because of the existence of the market leader in Poland. Second, there are analysed the data of the chosen distributor and analysed dependencies between price and quantum sold. Research showed that there is an existence of dependencies of quantum sold on both change of the absolute price and change of the relative price. These dependencies and the impact of the relative price change is more significant in the Czech Republic than in Poland.
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Determinants of entry of inhabitants of the Czech Republic to the second pillar of pension reform
Jetmar, Jan ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis summarizes, compares and analyses determinants with the major influence on the decision-making process of a potential participant of the second pillar of pension reform in the Czech Republic. This was achieved by using the method of interviews with financial institution employees which arranged the savings in the second pillar. Based on theoretical knowledge there were six aspects that have been identified with a potential to take part in the decision-making process of participant -- political risks, awareness, experience with foreign countries, voluntariness, yields on capital markets and financial situation, reluctance of entry and alternative investment. By using this method the political risks has been detected as the most important determinant linked with negative campaign of opposition and distrust in political establishment. The experience with foreign countries has shown as insignificant factor. The value added by this study consists in application this method on the topic of second pillar entrance.
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Ageing and employment policy in the Czech Republic in the years 2000 - 2012
Šubrtová, Tereza ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee)
This thesis deals with the employment of older persons in the labor market in the Czech Republic. The aging of the population is currently becoming a major demographic feature in most developed countries, including the Czech Republic, which is causing social and economic problems. Employment of older persons is becoming more important. The aim of the study is to evaluate the development of the employment of older people in the Czech Republic in the years 2000 - 2012 and to propose measures that would contribute to its increase. In the theoretical part of the thesis are discussed factors that affect the employment of older persons. These include demographic changes, age discrimination, setting of the retirement system or measures of the European Union. Practical part of thesis is primarily engaged in employment of older persons in the Czech Republic and there are presented advantages and disadvantages of older workers and the proposals of individual actions that could contribute to increase the employment rate of older people.
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Analysis of the evolution of retirement system in the Czech Republic since 1993
Hromková, Šárka ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of the evolution of the retirement and pension system in the Czech Republic since 1993 up to the present time, with focus on law reform provisions and associated financing methods, applied legislative and institutional framework and encumbrance of public budgets. Many European countries have already performed reformation of their pension systems, the reason mostly being demographic changes and unsustainability of pension financing solely from public budgets. This topic is becoming relevant also in the Czech Republic in view of the II. pillar pension savings introduced in the beginning of the previous year. Nevertheless, this will apparently not be the last step in the context of pension reforms given the unexpectedly low number of participants in the pillar. Overburdening of the public budgets and insufficient provisioning of elder population thus still remain some of the capital problems of the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part we first characterize the theory of public budgets and sketch the significance of the cash flow itself. Next we will define the meaning of retirement and pension systems, their classification according to the type of financing and operation and their respective advantages and disadvantages. We will also determine the main factors influencing the form of these systems. In the practical part we carry out the analysis of the retirement and pension system in the Czech Republic, structured into several time intervals delimited by the effected reform provisions since 1993 until the present. We investigate each of these stages separately, focusing mainly on financing methods and the impact on the public budgets; and further from the point of view of the legislative and institutional frameworks. Finally we will assess the effectiveness of the reform provisions and their impact on the provisioning of elders and the public budgets.
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The comparison of social services in the Czech Republic and EU states in the period 2000-2012
Szabóová, Andrea ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kubelková, Karina (referee)
The social services system in the Czech Republic intended for people in unfavorable social situation requires increased attention to financial sustainability, quality and overall effectiveness of their providing. The main point of this work is to examine and analyze the development of an instrument of social policy -- social services in the Czech Republic and in selected EU countries in the period 2000 - 2012. It is possible to highlight the weaknesses of the Czech system of social services by following comparison of the basic pillars. Positive and innovative experience of some EU countries is one of the possible ways how to solve defects in the Czech Republic.
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Analýza obchodních vztahů mezi Evropskou unií a Latinskou Amerikou
Daza Aramayo, Lourdes Gabriela ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Macháček, Jaroslav (referee) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
The Doctoral Thesis "Analysis of Trade Relations between the European Union and Latin America from 1995-2011" focuses on the determination Latin America's potential as a trading partner for the European Union. It will be based on an analysis of the region's trade relationships between 1995 and 2011 through different econometric models and a macroeconomic analysis. It will make recommendations for improving economic relation policies with Latin America and the European Union as well as identify the sectors which could represent great potential for trade between both regions. The research is divided into seven chapters: The first chapter covers international trade theory; this part comprises the theoretical aspects directly related to international trade. The second chapter analyzes the macroeconomic features of Latin American countries and compares them with data from the European Union. A separate, detailed analysis of 17 Latin American countries was performed and the potential of each one to make their importance known to the world and define their geopolitical position is described. The third chapter details the trade policies of the European Union and Latin America. The fourth chapter discusses trade relations between Latin America and the European Union through a look at the trade agreements that have been signed between the European Union and Latin American countries and tries to identify possible causes of failures for agreements not signed. This chapter also studies the sectorial composition of trade between the two regions, emphasizing the asymmetry between these trades flows as they enter the countries studied. The fifth chapter, the heart of this research paper, analyzes the trade relations between the EU and Latin America through a gravity model, identifying the obstacles and barriers to international trade between the two regions. The second part of this chapter discusses institutional factors, which, as a result of the conclusions from the gravity model explained earlier in the chapter, play an important role in international trade between Latin America and the European Union. This section contains a comparative analysis of the situation of the institutional factors in the 29 Latin American countries which were analyzed in the gravity model. This chapter also includes a trade simulation between the Czech Republic and Latin America with the institutional factors in Latin America showing a 10% improvement. In the sixth chapter, the competitiveness of 17 Latin American countries is calculated using the results of the barriers to international trade through a new method based on the comparison of indicators, ranked by dimension and according to the weight thereof for a period of time. The last chapter focuses on the identification of the variables determining foreign direct investment in Latin America, represented by 29 countries and over a period of time from 1995 to 2011. It considers variables traditionally not considered such as the number of patents registered, the tax rate and institutional factors, which have revealed important explanatory variables as well as those traditionally considered such as GDP, inflation, population, the share of GDP by sector, income level, etc. The last part of this research lists the conclusions reached and proposes recommendations for economic relations policy development between Latin America and the European Union.
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