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Value and cultural changes in Eastern Europe after 1989
Dolejší, Ondřej ; Štefek, Martin (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to capture fundemantal value change in selected countries within the region of Eastern Europe. This work bases its findings on repeated cross- sectional surveys collected after 1989 and will present coherent picture of the culture shift in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. One of the core aims of this work is to prove whether structural alteration or stable economic growth in the region could give rise to a new cleavage. By comparing outcomes of various surveys carried out in states which share relative similarities in terms of geographical vicinity and contemporary historical development, I shall shed light on the relation between structure and culture in this part of continental Europe. Researched topic will be further introduced within a broad theoretical framework.
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The anti-Islam protest in the Czech Republic
Svobodová, Eva ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
The thesis captures the anti-Islamic protest between 2015-2016, which accelerated after the attack on the Paris editorial of Charlie Hebdo on 7 January 2015 and during the so-called refugee crisis. The author analyzes short interviews she made at demonstrations organized especially by the group around the Facebook page Islam in the Czech Republic, and from semi-structured interviews with selected participants, as well as from participating observations at demonstrations. Using a discursive analysis and biographical method of work, she creates an ideological map of the movement, its basic tropics, and the attitudes. This ideological map consists of three perspectives: In the first chapter, a image of distant another, created mainly through media experience, involving the image of Muslims and Islam. In the second chapter, the image of close another created in a longer-term perspective and in opposition to one's own political and social identity. In the second chapter, the author also describes how the image of those who do not belong to the community (nation, state, Europe) is constructed. The third perspective is the image of the West, which combines elements of both distant and close another. The perspective that emerges in each of these chapters is a gender perspective and how different images of...
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Quotas for Increase of Number of Women in Politics in Sweden
Zitková, Martina ; Drahokoupil, Štěpán (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
Quotas for Increase of Number of Women in Politics in Sweden Abstract The bachelor thesis focuses on the quota system as a means of increasing the representation of women in politics, on the example of Sweden. Firstly, the thesis describes the basics of gender quotas implementation, the arguments of their supporters and opponents, and depicts the factors underlying the long-term under-representation of women in politics. The thesis also describes the basic types of quota systems. The main part deals with gender quotas in the political system of Sweden. Sweden is very progressive society in terms of gender equality and has become an exemplary model of gender balance for many countries, especially in politics. The thesis aims to describe the implementation of gender quotas in Sweden and to identify the causes of high representation of women in the political environment of this Scandinavian country. The thesis also deals with the historical development of the position of women in Swedish politics, Swedish political system and description of relevant political parties. Keywords: quotas, quota system, Sweden, political parties, gender, society, politics, women, equality
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Conservative Criticism of Obamacare and its Transformation in the Context of Donald Trump Running for President
Leichterová, Jana ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
Jana Leichterová Conservative Criticism of Obamacare and its Transformation in the Context of Donald Trump Running for President Abstract The thesis deals with the debate over the health care reforms in the United States. It focuses specifically on the debate over the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, a health care reform initiated by President Barack Obama that was signed into law in March 2010. The goal of the thesis is to identify the main arguments of the conservative criticism of the Affordable Care Act, and to determine whether the debate transformed with the emergence of Donald Trump onto the political scene. The thesis provides historical context of the three main approaches to the health care policies in the United States throughout the 20th century: the Social Security path of strong government in the 1930s, the mixed "American way" with government providing social benefits to citizens through private institutions in the 1970s, and the approach of unregulated free market since the 1980s. Obama's health care originates in the urge for a national solution of the high number of uninsured citizens (more than 50 million in 2009) and rising cost of health care. The reform has three essential pillars: 1. the reform of the health insurance market that unifies the diverse state approaches and...
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Zero tolerance policy in Czech context
Danovská, Krista ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
The goal of the thesis is analysis of the zero tolerance policy in the Czech context based on the example of the cities of Slaný, Litvínov and Duchcov. The thesis describes zero tolerance policy as a set of repressive measures harshly punishing minor offences which should lead to reduction of crime. Theoretically, zero tolerance is based on the broken windows theory which sees cause of the crime in minor offences in the public space. The set of measures based on zero tolerance and broken windows theory was labelled as New York Miracle during which the crime in the city decreased and for that reason zero tolerance policies spread across the world. For the analysis of the Czech context it is appropriate to connect zero tolerance measures with the concept of moral panics which we can consider as starter for the public discussion about the breaking the social order. In such moments, it is useful for politicians to use rhetoric which applies increased social control offered by the zero tolerance policies. In Czech Republic is the zero tolerance policy connected with the regulations of the public space and with the residents of the localities which we define as excluded haowever they are not considered ghettoes. Throught discoursive analysis the thesis examines three cases of zero tolerance policies...
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Political culture and voting behaviour of students
Dvořák, Adam ; Štefek, Martin (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
Political Culture and Voting Behaviour of Students Abstract In this bachelor thesis, the subject of empirical research is to analyze the relationship of political culture and electoral behavior of students of Czech students. The term political culture means political attitudes and the orientation of individuals towards politics and the political system. Political culture manifests itself in participation or in the political competence of citizens. The aim of the research is to determine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on the political attitudes of Czech university students. Furthermore, the aim of this project is to find out the character of relationship of political attitudes and the electoral behavior of respondents. The empirical part is based on the evaluation of the quantitative questionnaire survey, which is carried out by collecting data through social networks. The method of evaluating the questionnaires is to describe the frequencies of specific political attitudes and to determine relationships with other values. Keywords: political culture, voting behaviour, students
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Israeli political system as a consociational democracy?
Ondráček, Dušan ; Hesová, Zora (advisor) ; Štefek, Martin (referee)
(anglicky) The aim of the work is to introduce the model of consociational democracy created by A. Lijphart, Dutch's political scientist, as one of the possible constructs for establishing and maintaining democracy in the segmented societies. This model is applied to Israel, which for reasons that the work also deals with, can be termed socially segmented. The application of model focuses exclusively on the four characteristics of the consociational democracy, as defined by Democracy in Plural Societies (1977). The results of this application are, in the end, compared to the thesis that calls Israel a semi-consociational democracy.
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Citizenship Rhetorics in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Enacting Citizenship and Nationality in a Divided Country
Chrzová, Barbora ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
Barbora Chrzová Citizenship Rhetorics in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Enacting Citizenship and Nationality in a Divided Country Abstract: This thesis deals with the rhetorical dimension of citizenship in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The disputed legitimacy of Bosnian statehood, ethnicization of every-day life, and a multilayered citizenship regime which leaves little space for purely civic loyalties to the state, pose an important challenge to the symbolic dimension of Bosnian citizenship. Drawing upon rhetorical approaches to citizenship, this thesis analyses how citizenship was crafted on the discursive level; how various actors formulated the question of 'who is a Bosnian citizen', how their narratives interacted and influenced each other. The thesis specifically focuses on two series of protests, the so-called 'JMBG protests' that took place in June 2013 and the 'Social uprising' which arose in February 2014. The protests challenged the dominant ethno- national framework and represented periods of intensive debates on fundamental questions of citizenship. The analysis has shown that the emptiness of the notion of Bosnian citizenship makes its discursive constructions largely context-dependent and shifting. The boundary between 'the citizens' and 'the elites,' however, appeared as a salient societal cleavage that...
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The European Union's Structural Power in the Maghreb: The Causes of Failure
Hrubý, Jiří ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
Primary assumption of this thesis is that the European Union (EU) represents a unique international actor that embodies the major changes in institution of diplomacy. These changes culminate in the 21st Century. They rest namely in widening of diplomatic agenda, increasing number and kind of actors conducting diplomacy, growing importance of multilateral frameworks and transformation of diplomatic actors' objectives. At the centre of our interest lays the concept of structural foreign policy (SFP) that constitutes an analytical framework of this thesis. SFP is an instrument through which the EU exercises its structural power towards third countries. The aim of this thesis is to provide an analysis and critique of the EU's SFP towards Maghreb. The region has been chosen as the subject of our analysis since despite a long term and continuous effort since 1990s the EU has largely failed to effectively exercise its structural power in the region.
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The Clash of Identities. Zionism and Palestinian Nationalism
Havelková, Lenka ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
and key words This thesis examines the origins and development of two national movements: zionism and palestinian nationalism. The thesis aims at answering these questions: Has there existed any parallels of origins and development of these movements? What has been the major incentive for the formation of the new national identities? What function has had the religion in the persisting israeli-palestinian conflict? For the purpose of answearing these questions this thesis follows the historical development in interwar Palestine and the causes of increase of zionistic movement in the afterwar period. The thesis also focuses on the development and character of israeli policies and formation of palestinian identity within the years 1948-1967. Key words: Palestine, Israel, zionism, nationalism, identity, conflict
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