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Confidence intervals for differences and ratios of proportions
Krnáč, Ľuboš ; Kulich, Michal (advisor) ; Zvára, Karel (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the creation of confidence intervals for diffe- rence of parameters of two distributions. In the first part we consider the problem of making such confidence intervals for differences. Then we try to find sufficient conditions for MOVER, which leads to new, non-trivial confidence intervals for difference of parameters of two distributions. These confidence intervals have im- proved and desired properties. There are also examples of usage of MOVER, and possible difficulties. The third section contains graphs of coverage probabili- ties for different input intervals. These graphs are made to show different levels of achieved coverage probabilities for some input intervals, namely Clopper-Pearson, Wald, Wilson and logit. 1
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Extracting Information from Medical Texts
Zvára, Karel ; Svátek, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Veselý, Arnošt (referee) ; Skalská, Hana (referee)
The aim of my work was to find out the specific features of Czech medical reports in terms of the possibility of extracting specific information from them. For my work, I had a total of 268 anonymized narrative medical reports from two outpatient departments. I have studied standards for preserving electronic health records and for transferring clinical information between healthcare information systems. I have also participated in the process of implementing electronic medical record in the field of dentistry. First of all, I tried to process narrative medical reports using natural language processing (NLP) tools. I came to the conclusion that narrative medical reports in the Czech language are very different than a typical Czech text, especially because it mostly contains short telegraphic phrases and the texts lack typical Czech sentence structure. It also contains many misspellings, acronyms and abbreviations. Another problem was the absence of existence of the Czech translation of the main international classification systems. Therefore I decided to continue the research by developing the method for pro-processing the input text for translation and its semantic annotation. The main objective of this part of the research was to propose a method and support software for interactive correction...
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Fertility changes in the context of gender revolution with focus on the man's role in the family in the Czech Republic
Koudelka, Pavel ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Zvára, Karel (referee) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Title: Fertility changes in the context of gender revolution with focus on the man's role in the family in the Czech republic Author: Mgr. Pavel Koudelka Department: Department of Demography and Geodemography Statistics Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jitka Rychtaříková, CSc. Abstract: Profound changes are occurring in the relations between men and women in European families and societies, a transformation that is referred to as the 'gender revolution'. Considering the unprecedented drop in fertility, some important questions may be asked: in a more egalitarian society/family, could we expect a rise in the birth rate? Does men's participation in housework and child- care have an impact on the number of children born (in a family)? Czech society is slowly adapting to gender equality, but this is more apparent in the general mood and opinions than in the reality of households and families. We drew on two waves of a panel study Generations & Gender Survey (GGS) performed in the Czech republic and compared the information about the real involvement of men in households in which (a number of) children were born in between the waves. This is an advantage of GGS over similar studies: we have information about real- ity, real facts, and not only values and attitudes to gender equality or the number of children a...
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Ecological regression
Poul, Pavel ; Zvára, Karel (advisor) ; Prášková, Zuzana (referee)
Tato práce se zabývá problémem při analýze dat, který vzniká agre- gací veličin do jednotlivých soubor·, pro které známe pouze pr·měry p·vodních veličin a počty jednotek, ze kterých tento soubor vznikl. Jedná se o problém nedo- statečného množství informací, který zp·sobuje nepřesné stanovení vztah· mezi p·vodními veličinami. Tato práce si klade za cíl detailně seznámit čtenáře s dopa- dy agregace dat, představit jednotlivé možnosti přístupu k problému a představit takové modely a předpoklady, které povedou ke správnému stanovení vztah· me- zi p·vodními veličinami. Práce je zakončena praktickým použitím jednotlivých přístup· na reálných datech. Výpočty jsou prováděny v software R. 1
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Estimates of parameters based on rounded data
Dortová, Zuzana ; Anděl, Jiří (advisor) ; Zvára, Karel (referee)
This work discusses estimates based on rounded data. The work describes the estimates of parameters in time series AR and MA and in linear regression, the work presents different kinds of estimates based on rounded data. The work focuses on time series model AR(1) and linear regression, where simulations are added to theories and methods are compared on rounded and unrounded data. In addition, the comparison of linear regression is shown on the exemple of graph data. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Shapiro-Wilk test of normality
Malíková, Kateřina ; Komárek, Arnošt (advisor) ; Zvára, Karel (referee)
In this work we introduce Shapiro-Wilk normality test testing examined statistical sampling. At first, we state the basic information about the normal distribution. Further, we describe the test and we derive the shape of the test statistic W and some of its analytical properties, including two moments and the maximum and minimum allowable values that it may take. We also find some approximations of various coefficients used for calculations and evaluation of the test and also the estimate of the distribution of the test statistics of Shapiro-Wilk test. In conclusion, we show an example of testing and method of implementation in computer programs.
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Ověřování předpokladů modelu proporcionálního rizika
Marčiny, Jakub ; Kulich, Michal (advisor) ; Zvára, Karel (referee)
The Cox proportional hazards model is a standard tool for modelling the effect of covariates on time to event in the presence of censoring. The appropriateness of this model is conditioned by the validity of the proportional hazards assumption. The assumption is explained in the thesis and methods for its testing are described in detail. The tests are implemented in R, including self-written version of the Lin- Zhang-Davidian test. Their application is illustrated on medical data. The ability of the tests to reveal the violation of the proportional hazards assumption is investigated in a simulation study. The results suggest that the highest power is attained by the newly implemented Lin-Zhang-Davidian test in most cases. In contrast, the weighted version of the Lin-Wei-Ying test was found to have inadequate size for low sample sizes.
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Ecological regression
Poul, Pavel ; Zvára, Karel (advisor) ; Prášková, Zuzana (referee)
Tato práce se zabývá problémem při analýze dat, který vzniká agregací veličin do jednotlivých soubor·, pro které známe pouze pr·měry p·vodních veličin a po- čty jednotek, ze kterých tento soubor vznikl. Jedná se o problém nedostatečného množství informací, který zp·sobuje nepřesné stanovení vztah· mezi p·vodními veličinami. Tato práce si klade za cíl detailně seznámit čtenáře s dopady agrega- ce dat, představit jednotlivé možnosti přístupu k problému a představit takové modely a předpoklady, které povedou ke správnému stanovení vztah· mezi p·vod- ními veličinami. Práce je zakončena praktickým použitím jednotlivých přístup· na reálných datech. Výpočty jsou prováděny v software R. 1
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Outliers
Kudrnáč, Vojtěch ; Zvára, Karel (advisor) ; Anděl, Jiří (referee)
This paper concerns itself with the methods of identifying outliers in an otherwise normally distributed data set. Several significant tests and criteria designed for this purpose are described here, Peirce's criterion, Chauvenet's criterion, Grubbs' test, Dixon's test and Cochran's test. Deriving of the tests and criteria is indicated and finally the results of the use of the test and criteria on simulated data with normal distribution and inserted outlier are looked into. Codes in programming language R with the implementation of these test and criteria using existing functions are included. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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