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Syntactic, semantic and FSP aspects of ditransitive complementation: a study of give, lend, send, offer and show
Brůhová, Gabriela ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The subject of the present study is an analysis of five ditransitive verbs: give, lend, send, offer and show. The study focuses on the position of the two objects and on the factors that have an impact on the object ordering. An attempt is here made to provide a systematic overview of the position of the two objects with respect to their realization (i.e. substantival or pronominal). As regards the realization of the two objects, four types are distinguished: i. both Oi /Oprep and Od realized by nouns; ii. both Oi /Oprep and Od realized by pronouns; iii. Oi /Oprep realized by a noun and Od by a pronoun; iv. Oi /Oprep realized by a pronoun and Od by a noun. The position of the objects is assumed to be associated with the distribution of communicative dynamism or in other words with the principle of end-focus, i.e. that given information tends to precede new information. The second principle that operates in the ordering the two objects is the principle of end-weight. Of the three (or four, including intonation) factors whose interplay determines the FSP function of a clause element, in the case of ditransitive complementation the most important role is played by the contextual factor. Therefore, particular attention is paid to the context-dependence / independence of the two objects. The present...
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Syntactic, semantic and FSP aspects of ditransitive complementation: a study of give, lend, send, offer and show
Brůhová, Gabriela ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The subject of the present study is an analysis of five ditransitive verbs: give, lend, send, offer and show. The study focuses on the position of the two objects and on the factors that have an impact on the object ordering. An attempt is here made to provide a systematic overview of the position of the two objects with respect to their realization (i.e. substantival or pronominal). As regards the realization of the two objects, four types are distinguished: i. both Oi /Oprep and Od realized by nouns; ii. both Oi /Oprep and Od realized by pronouns; iii. Oi /Oprep realized by a noun and Od by a pronoun; iv. Oi /Oprep realized by a pronoun and Od by a noun. The position of the objects is assumed to be associated with the distribution of communicative dynamism or in other words with the principle of end-focus, i.e. that given information tends to precede new information. The second principle that operates in the ordering the two objects is the principle of end-weight. Of the three (or four, including intonation) factors whose interplay determines the FSP function of a clause element, in the case of ditransitive complementation the most important role is played by the contextual factor. Therefore, particular attention is paid to the context-dependence / independence of the two objects. The present...
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Extended nominal coreference and bridging anaphora (an approach to annotation of Czech data in Prague dependency treebank)
Nedoluzhko, Anna ; Uličný, Oldřich (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Oliva, Karel (referee)
The dissertation presents one of the possible models of processmg extended textual coreference and bridging anaphora in a large textual corpora, which we then use for annotation of certain relations in texts of the Prague Oependency Treebank (POT). Based, on the one hand, on the literature concerning the theory of reference, discource and some findings of theoretical linguistics, and, on the other hand, using the existing methodology of annotations, we created a detailed classification of textual coreferential relations and types of bridging anaphora. Within textual coreference, we distinguish between two types of textual coreferential relations - coreferential relations between noun phrases with specific reference and coreferential relation between noun phrases with non-specific, primarily generic, reference. We determined six types of relations for bridging anaphora: relation PART- between part and whole; relation SUBSET - between a set and a subset or element of a set; FUNCT - between an object and a unique function on that entity; CONTRAST- between semantíc and contextual opposites; relation ANAF of anaphorical referencing between noncoreferencial objects; REST- for other examples of bridging anaphora. One of the goals of the research is to create a system of theoretical principals that would be used...
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A comparative study of the word order in the German and Czech languages and the definition of the canonical sequences of syntactic relations
Dědičová, Helena ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Sgall, Petr (referee) ; Dovalil, Vít (referee)
This thesis describes the functional generative description of language with which so called "Prague School" worked since the 1960s and describes sentence structure of selected German writings of belletristic literature with the consideration of word order and functional sentence perspective. The problem of word order and functional sentence perspective was already studied by members of "Prague Linguistic Circle". The theory of functional sentence perspective was compiled mainly by Vilem Mathesius. Functional generative description of language follows principles and theories of this circle of the most important Czech and foreign linguists; first of all to the functional approach to the language and all its parts, very important is also the generative conception of the syntax. The thesis is divided into theoretical and material. Firstly, the teoretical part describes German lingustic tradition. There the evolution of German linguistics is described dealing with the problems of the word order and functional sentence perspective since the 19th century to the present day. Further, the basic German monographs are analyzed and compared with respect to the compilation of the word order and functional sentence perspective. Then, the comparison and analysis of German writings which directly pursue with these themes...
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Non-projectivity in English and Czech
Čermáková, Kristýna ; Malá, Markéta (referee) ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor)
This thesis analyzes non-projective constructions in English and Czech. It is based on the functional generative description of language and the analysis of material drawn from the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank, the Prague Dependency Treebank, and the British National Corpus. The theoretical part provides a brief characterization of phrase structure grammar and dependency grammar together with the definition of the fundamentals of the functional generative description, and the definition of non-projectivity. The analytical section presents a detailed comparative classification of non-projective structures in both languages. Individual types are studied from the perspective of differences between the surface structure and the underlying structure, demonstrating how the substitution of a non-projective clause for a projective one influences the topic-focus articulation and the meaning of the clause. The main objective is to define factors motivating non-projectivity in English and Czech, to compare them, and to determine whether it is marked or neutral type of discontinuity that prevails in each of the two languages.
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Contrastive topics in Czech
Veselá, Kateřina ; Uličný, Oldřich (referee) ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor)
This thesis - Contrastive Topics in Czech - describes some of syntactic and semantic characteristics of the experessions, called Contrastive Topics. Following theory of Functional Generative Description (p. Sgall, E. Hajičová and J. Panevová), author is trying to Bnd a ways to explain and verify several hypotheses of FGD by searching data of Prague Dependency Treebank. Prague Dependency Treebank is collection of czech sentence s, annotated on three levels of depth, namely the morphemic layer, the surface shape of sentences and tectogrammatical layer. The deep syntactic structure annotations in the Prague Dependency Treebank, the so-called tectogrammatical tree structures, capture three basic aspects of the underlying structure of sentences: the dependency tree structure, the kinds of dependency syntactic relations, and the basic characteristics of the topicfocus articulation. The basic characteristics of TF A are captured in two ways: the assignment of one of the three values of the TF A attribute attached to each node of the tree and the ordering of nodes in the tree according to the degrees of communicative dynamism (deep word order). Contrastive topics are special cases of contextually bound nodes, which appear in such sentences as Jemu jsem to neřekl - it is possible to express them by strong form of...
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Automatic Analysis of Temporal Relations Within a Discourse and Its Application Within a Machine Translation Framework
Němec, Petr ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Sgall, Petr (referee) ; Horák, Aleš (referee)
In this thesis we present a developed system of automatic analysis of temporal relations within a discourse for Czech and discuss possibilities to use the system to enhance a Czech-to-English machine translation system. We introduce the respective components related to this scenario: the scheme of annotation of temporal relations within a discourse, the created corpus annotated for temporality, the system of automatic analysis of temporal relations itself, the generative component of a Czech-to-English machine translation system producing English sentences and the experiments with improving the quality of this component by adding the information on temporal relations. Furthermore, in connection to the generative component, we present an implemented tree-rewriting formalism that allows for the required tree transformations.
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Parallel bi-directional Czech-French and French-Czech corpus: definition, design, buildup and exploitation
Svášek, Martin ; Pognan, Patrice (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Leonard, Jean Leonard (referee)
According to the title, the thesis is composed of three parts. At the beginning the author introduces the concept of a parallel corpus defining it as a set of texts in different (at least two) languages, composed of original-translation couples. A terminology is provided to name different sets of texts in different languages. To have a general overview of this specific field, readers can be acquainted with the present existing parallel corpus. A definition of the project for creating a bidirectional French-Czech Czech-French parallel corpus is given in order to use it in linguistic research, notably research upon inflected expressions. French and Czech texts composing the parallel corpus Fratchque come from literature; the author also gives the explanation regarding the reason why other kinds of texts have not been taken into account. This corpus, conceived for PC-based researches, exists only in digital format. Having in mind the purpose of representing modern language, only texts after the year 1945 have been selected. New couples of French-Czech Czech-French texts could be easily added thanks to the files structure stored on a hard disk and managed by ParaConc. The corpus is not marked up explicitly by XML tags because the tagging is not necessary for the proper functioning of ParaConc - this step,...
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Topic-focus articulation in biographical inscriptions and letters of the Middle Kingdom (dynasties 11-12)
Landgráfová, Renata ; Bareš, Ladislav (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Vachala, Břetislav (referee)
The dissertation is divided into two main parts - the text and the corpus. The corpus includes biographical texts and letters in transliteration and translation, and within it, biographical texts of the Middle Kingdom have been assembled (and some even translated) for the very first time. Properly analysed, these texts belong to the most important sources on Middle Kingdom history and ancient Egyptian mentality. The textual part deals, on the basis of examples from the corpus, with the role of Topic-Focus articulation within the still poorly understood verbal system. Topic-focus articulation plays an important role within the verbal system and some morphemes, such as the controversial particle jw or the reduplication of the so-called mrr=f form, encode special topic-focus articulation functions. Topicalisation and focalisation strategies are also considered and compared with the findings of general linguistics.
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