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Depressive symptoms in adolescents: an influence of age, gender, and relationships to personal characteristics and to perception of family environment
Macek, Petr ; Řehulková, Oliva ; Řehulka, Evžen
Two cohorts of adolescents (12 years old , n=441 and 16 years old, n=325) completed The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) an other instruments regarding family environment, self-esteem, and personality traits. Results revealed that a frequency of depressive symptoms is related to neuroticism but an influence of extraversion is not clear. Moreover, an optimism, self-esteem, and positive relationships to parents are significant predictors for both mentioned age groups.
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Reaction of adolescents to the problems in family: connection with self-esteem and with self-efficacy
Osecká, Lída ; Macek, Petr ; Řehulková, Oliva
The presented study is oriented to the description of relationships between adolescent coping strategies in family context and self-self variables. A sample of 316 respondents (132 girls, 184 boys, aged from 16-19) completed a survey including invetories regarding an using of different coping strategies in their own family environment. Also, both self variables, self-efficacy and self-esteem, were derived from relevant items of scales. Results did not confirm all our presumptions: Self-efficacy is mainly related to the non-expression of negative emotions (as a coping staretgy), less important predictor (but also significant) is an active rational coping. Social support is positively related to self-efficacy in girls only. In regard to boys, this relationship is negative. Self-esteem is positively related to the non-expression of negative emotions in boys, the active rational coping is significant predictor of self-esteem in girls.
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Adolescence, formation of identity; and contemporary Czech adolescents
Macek, Petr
The first part is a contemporary view on adolescence of adulthood. Adolescence is not conceived only as a unique period of the life of individual, it is also a social phenomenon. Social representation of adolescence has been creating for 150 years. Achievement of identity is considered as a basic evolutional task related to period of adolescence. Concept of crisis, obligation and moratorium are associated to the solution of identity. Adolescent moratorium in relation with exploration means an opportunity, challenge, but also some health and social risk. The second part deals with changes in common behaviour and experience of Czech adolescents in last ten years - 90s. The results point out that Czech adolescents increasingly resemble to the West European adolescents. (in daily activities, future expectations).
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Integrating and Integrated Self
Macek, Petr
A paper presents possibilities of self in regard to process of integration. The integrated self means a consistent and relatively stable set of self-pictures and self-evaluations. Integrating function of self is related to the concept of identity. An importance of the identity is discussed in the context of post-modern concept of world and life.
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Comments to research in content of self and identity
Macek, Petr ; Osecká, Lída
Self and identity research is connected with many specific problems.They are related not only to different theoretical frameworks and to terminological difficulties. A main specifity is based on the fact, that information about self-system and identitty can be obtained only from subjective presentations and statements of respondents. There are no criteria of external validity. All other human characteristics (temperament, cognitive dimensions, perceptions and evaluations from others, communication) caan be considered as determinants of self-system and identity. However, they do not offer direct information about a content of identity and self. On the other hand, not all subjective statements regarding self are relevant for self-system and identity. Ouur contribution discusses some possibilities and difficulties of quantitative and qualitative research in this matter.
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