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The Oligarchy of the Four Hundred in Athens in 411 B. C. E.
Nývlt, Pavel ; Souček, Jan (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee)
Before 1891, it was commonly accepted that the most important source for the rule of the Four Hundred in Athens in 411 BCE was Thucydides' description. The situation changed thanks to the publication of the Aristotelian treatise On the Athenian Constitution, whose version of events differed markedly from Thucydides' one. There followed many attempts at determining which of the two versions was most reliable, or at combining the two versions. These controversies are the focal point of this thesis, but its ambitions are not limited to them: its ambition is also to reconstruct the chronology of the rule of the Four Hundred as precisely as is possible in context of the Peloponnesian war; and to formulate the limitations that are imposed on us by the character of sources at our disposal. Continuity of the coup with earlier developments and its impact on subsequent events are dealt with more briefly.
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The Iconography of Late Roman Coins (364 - 498 AD)
Vlček, Jan ; Musil, Jiří (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee)
(in English) The work deals with the latest development in a period of Roman coinage, which stands off the general interest. The purpose of this work is to define and describe the motives used on Roman coins in the early period defined at the beginning of the government of Valentinian I in 364 and coinage reform of Anastasius I in 498; to classify the individual image groups and explain their importance in terms of state propaganda. The work also notes the relationship between the coin images and legends; use of mint marks as a part of the image content, and describes the relationships among the coin images and contemporary sociopolitical phenomena and events. An important part of the work will be integration of the field of late Roman coins into historical context. The aim will be to determine how the late Roman coins in character were based on previous coinage and then on the contrary how they influenced Byzantine coins.
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Coinage of Roman Tetrarchy 284-312 A.D.: Organization, Nominals, Iconography
Lužický, David ; Marek, Václav (advisor) ; Bažant, Jan (referee) ; Militký, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the period, which was not fully researched until now by the czech numismatists. It is a unique numismatic work fully dedicated to the tetrarchic period in czech language. Its center of gravity lies in the detailed study of the production of coins and iconography, both before the reform, in 294, and afterwards. It is also given a description of previous period of the end of the third century AD to facilitate the understanding of monetary developments and policies of the tetrarchic period. The study of the numismatic material and literature allow to deliver new opinions concerning the disintegration of tetrarchic system and of the monetary reforms from the end of the third century AD. It is discussed the problematic of using marks on coins, which are usually interpreted as an indication of nominal value. The work includes a detailed study of 1,752 gold coins of the second half of the 3rd century, which helps to clarify the vague classification of gold coins and their standards. Attached is a catalog of the Roman imperial coins from AD 284-337, which are deposited in the Charles University collection of ancient. These coins have not been published until now. Key words: Tetrarchy, Diocletian, Constantinus, nummus, monetary refroms, coinage, marks of value, XXI, Heraclea, golden...
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The Aedileship in the Roman Republic
Kovár, Andrej ; Marek, Václav (advisor) ; Kepartová, Jana (referee)
The search for origins of the republican aedileship presents a difficult task. At first sight the story about foundation and evolution of this magistracy lies in ancient sources. On the closer look it may be discerned, that the same sources have their own present intentions. They search for a tradition in oral based history to legitimise the current status of the aedileship and present it in historical context. Yet another question raises ambiguity. The twin character of the magistracy blurs our perceptions and makes it challenging to distinguish whether plebeian and curule aedileships are evolving intertwined or apart of each other. Nevertheless, delving upon the wide variety of ancient sources it is still possible to reconstruct the basic functions and duties of the aediles. Furthermore, the aedileship has to be looked upon in broader picture, in order to figure out, how it is situated in the system of republican magistracies and why the roman aristocrats strived to serve as aediles. The main purpose of this paper is to bring the aedileship out of the shadows and present it as full pledged research topic. Starting with aedileship it may embark us on questioning our knowledge of the republican magistracies. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Connection between distribution of socio-economic characteristics of population and economy in relation to railway network in Czechoslovakia in 1921 and 1930
Marek, Martin Václav ; Marada, Miroslav (advisor) ; Nováček, Aleš (referee)
Connection between distribution of socio-economic characteristics of population and economy in relation to railway network in Czechoslovakia in 1921 and 1930 Abstract Transport is closely related with social and economic processes in space and they affect each other. History of transport, and economy and history of the population are themes quite well covered. Attempts to synthetically cover history of transport and society and its activities in the space have not been numerous, if any they only referred to certain examples, although the transport, especially rail, is mentioned as an important factor of development. The diploma thesis analyzes statistical dependece of selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of national censuses in 1921 and 1930 and economic characteristics and agriculural units in 1930 on rail infrastructure in the Czechoslovak Republic. The key statistical data are selected census results (eg. age of population, literacy and inhabitans in the sector of the national economy), results of census of economic and agricultural units (for example units equipment) at the level of administrative units in Czechoslovakia. Spatial data (maps) are an important source, too. These allow statistical and visualization operations in the GIS. They had to be digitized in order to create map...
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Iconography of Roman Coins during the Age of Constantinian Dynasty
Vlček, Jan ; Musil, Jiří (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee)
(in English) The Roman coins minted during the reign of Constantinian Dynasty form remarkable and unique group by their motives. The aim of this work is to define and describe the motifs used on Roman coins in this period, classify the individual image groups and interpret their significance in terms of state propaganda. This work also notes the relationship between the coin images and transcriptions, the use of the mint marks as a part of the image content, and describes the relations between the coin images and contemporary sociopolitical phenomena and events.
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Late Roman Silver Coinage (from Arcadius and Honorius to the end of the 5th century AD)
Gambacorta, Federico ; Marek, Václav (advisor) ; Kolniková, Eva (referee) ; Militký, Jiří (referee)
This PhD research has furnished the occasion to update the outdated works about Late Roman coinage focusing especially on a topic not so commonly examined like the Late Roman silver coinage. More precisely, it is analysed and discussed some of its more intriguing aspects. First of all how silver, as metal, was considered and perceived in Late Roman society and, therefore, why during fifth century AD silver bullion was used to produce fine silver objects rather than coins. Two different Late Roman customs concerning silver coinage are then reviewed: hoarding, with a list of most recent findings, and clipping. Finally a chapter is dedicated to the metrology and fineness of Late Roman silver coins together with an accurate analysis of the 7 different denominations. This extensive and deep discussion about Late Roman silver coinage's main problematics is completed by the most recent and updated catalogue of all the Late Roman silver denominations known so far. Such a review has given not only the possibility of updating or modifying some of the previous theories but also the opportunity to suggest some new ideas. --------------------------------------- Podrobně jsou zkoumány některé konkrétní zásadsní otázky, především jakým způsobem bylo v pozdně římské společnosti vnímáno stříbro jako kov a proč tedy...
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The Last Pagans and Their Position in the Christianized Roman Empire.
Prchlík, Ivan ; Marek, Václav (advisor) ; Mouchová, Bohumila (referee) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee)
In this thesis the process of demise of non-Christian cults - conventionally referred to as "pagan" - in the Christianized Roman Empire is pursued, especially the question, to what degree this termination involved any persecution on part of the Christianized state, or violence on part of a state-supported church or religiously vigorous individuals. One opinion that can be found in scholarly literature holds the demise of the paganism due to the Christianization of the Roman Empire to have been only natural, swift and spontaneous, with the notorious excesses to be viewed as exception of sorts. However, this opinion stands as no conclusion of any systematic enquiry, but rather serves as mere premise to another enquiry. This thesis rounds up a great deal of accounts of the conditions faced by the so called last pagans in the Christianized Roman Empire and the violence against them. It is violence, intended for the quickest possible extirpation of paganism, which the imperial legislation had in any case allowed for; yet plenty of accounts bear evidence of this violence not always having been exercised and when considered on their own, these accounts may create the impression of a Christianized Roman Empire tolerant of pagans in their own right. Nevertheless, a comparable body of accounts regarding acts of...
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The Greek Colonies in Hispania
Gočová, Veronika ; Souček, Jan (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee)
The Greek colonization of the West Mediterranean and specifically Iberian Peninsula is within the scope of Greek colonization rather kind of peripheral subject. However, it is the principal subject of our work. The Greeks not by a long sight were the only merchants, settlers, visitors and discoverers of the West world at that times. They were taken over by the Phoenicians and is evident, that they were the protagonists of the Iberian Peninsula at that times. Based on the modern scientists the Phoenicians should not be seen as the only ones and charge to the account of the Greeks just the merchants's role. The new epigraphic aknowledgements and archeological research in "Contestania" are in witness of the essential presence of the Greeks in this area. The reflection of the historical sources is completed by the archeological remains. We would like to join all the new aknowledgements based on comparison of various sources that are at our disposal. Keywords Iberian Peninsula - colonization - Greeks - Contestania
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