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Interpreter's strategy for simultaneous interpreting into the mother tongue and into the B language
Malkovská, Alžběta ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
Malkovská, Alžběta: Interpreter's strategy for simultaneous interpreting into the mother tongue and into the B language, ÚTRL FF UK 2012, p. 149, supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Ivana Čeňková, Csc. This thesis focuses on the topic of the KISS strategy ("Keep it short and simple") as a hypothetical ideal solution for simultaneous interpreting into the active language. The purpose of this theoretical and empirical study is to describe the issue of interpreting into the active language (B language) and the strategies used in simultaneous interpreting, with emphasis on the KISS strategy. The paper is divided into two parts: theoretical part and empirical part. In the theoretical part, we set up the working hypothesis that we will confirm or disprove in the empirical part. We suppose that the KISS strategy is the ideal and predominant mechanism used for interpreting into the B language. The first chapter is devoted to interpreting into the B language focused from different perspectives. In the next two chapters we dealt with the strategies used in simultaneous interpreting, with a particular focus on all the mechanisms and methods included in the KISS strategy. At the end of this part we set up a working hypothesis supposing that the KISS strategy is the ideal and predominant strategy for interpreting into the B...
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The Interpreter's and Listener's Perception of Speed in the Process of Simultaneous Interpretation: an Analysis of Theory and Practice Pertaining to French-Czech and Czech-French Material
Tite, Barbora ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
This thesis addresses the issue of the subjective perception of the speaker's speed during simultaneous interpretation. The theoretical grounding of the thesis is based on Karla Déjean Le Féal's doctoral thesis (1978), which first introduced the notion of subjective speed, whereby two speeches of equal objective speed (as measured in syllables/min.) are perceived as having different speeds. The conclusions of Déjean Le Féal's thesis demonstrate that interpreters usually experience a faster subjective speed when interpreting speeches which were prewritten and then read aloud by the speaker. Impromptu speeches are usually perceived as being slower than read speeches. Aside from the above-mentioned theory of subjective speed, the theoretical section of this thesis analyzes various approaches to measuring speech speed, the relation between objective speed and simultaneous interpreting, the determinants of speech speed and prosodic features influencing the subjective perception of speed. The empirical section of this thesis consists of an experiment which aims to verify Déjean Le Féal's conclusions using French-Czech material. The methodology of the experiment partially replicates the method used by Aneta Mandysová in her master's thesis (2011), which is focused on German-Czech material. The method used...
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The use of pause in simultaneous interpreting
Samková, Monika ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
The purpose of the present thesis is to shed light on the role of pauses in simultaneous interpreting between French and Czech, mainly from the point of view of the listeners of the source speeches in French as well as both students of interpretation and professional interpreters and from the viewpoint of the listeners of the speeches interpreted into Czech. It is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part briefly outlines the process of simultaneous interpreting and Daniel Gile's Effort Model and then it focuses on prosody and individual prosodic (suprasegmental) features, especially pauses and their use in simultaneous interpreting. The empirical part describes the experiment and presents its results. The experiment itself examines the effect that unnaturally long or unnaturally placed pauses in the speaker's quasi-authentic source speeches have on the choice of strategy and the simultaneous interpreters' performances (students and professionnals) and on the subsequent assessment of their performances made by the listeners of the interpreted speeches. Keywords simultaneous interpreting, pause, listener, speech, speaker, interpreter, comprehensibility
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Cohesion and Coherence in French and Czech Texts
Rusá, Ludmila ; Sládková, Miroslava (advisor) ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee)
in English This thesis deals with the means that French and Czech use to express the text coherence and cohesion. It pays special attention to functional sentence perspective which is expressed in different ways in these two languages. It focuses on the category of French determinants and its important role in the expression of functional sentence perspective. The empirical part of the thesis explores the possibilities the translator has to express lexically the presence of various determinants that appear in original texts, and it tries to prove the theory that a higher occurrence of determinants in French affects Czech translations. This hypothesis will be proven by comparing the frequency of prounous that occur in Czech translations and Czech original texts.
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Note taking development instudents of interpreting at the Institute of Translation Studies
Matrasová, Kateřina ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
The topic of this work covers note-taking in consecutive interpretation, in particular with respect to numbers and link words. The theoretical part looks at fundamental theoretical approaches of this topic, as well as some recently published theoretical and methodological studies. Its final part raises questions and hypotheses for the following experiment. The empirical part describes the preparation as well as the implementation of the experiment, which involved two groups of students from the Institute of Translation Studies at the Faculty of Arts of the Charles University. It presents and analyses the results obtained from the experiment. The conclusion provides summary of the results and some comments and recommendations. Key words: consecutive interpretation, note-taking, note-taking of numbers and link words, development of note-taking skills, consistent system of note-taking symbols
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The Correlation between the Speed of the Source Speech and Simultaneous Interpreter's Performance.
Moravcová, Dagmar ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
The purpose of the present thesis is to look into the correlation between the speed of the source speech and simultaneous interpreter's performance between Czech and French from the perspective of the French listeners of the source speeches in French, of two groups of interpreters (students and professionals) and of the listeners of the speeches interpreted into Czech. The thesis consists of the theoretical and the empirical part. The theoretical part outlines Daniel Gile's Effort Model and than focuses on the delivery rate of the source speech and on various theoretical approaches of different scholars, on the errors occured in the process of simultaneous interpreting, on intrepretation strategies and on the quality of interpretation. The empirical part describes the research method, the experiment itself and the results of the experiment which focuses both on the number of occurences of different interpretation stategies in relation to the source speech delivery rate and on the number of occurences of various error categories depending on the speed of the quasi-authentic source speeches. The empirical part examines the differences between the performance of the students and of the interpreters. Their performance is then assessed by the Czech listeners. Keywords simultaneous interpretation,...
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A corpus analysis of the semantic interpretation factors of the French gérondif
Nádvorníková, Olga ; Loucká, Hana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee) ; Radimský, Jan (referee)
in English A corpus analysis of the semantic interpretation factors of the French gérondif The aim of this work is to analyse factors influencing the interpretation of the implicit meaning of the French gérondif (Ger), and to explain, on the basis of this research, the semantic functioning of this non-finite verbal form (in connection with its equivalents in Czech). Our departing point is that the Ger form functions as an interpretation instruction, which defines the means of the integration of the action of the Ger into the action of the main proposition. This interpretation instruction defines the semantic invariant of the Ger, and thus its basic meaning; other meanings are derived on the basis of complex interactions of syntactic, lexical and pragmatic factors. The method used to examine these factors is based on a computer analysis of wide data acquired from monolingual and parallel corpora (FRANTEXT and InterCorp). Part I presents a summary of the results of the latest research of Ger and defines the specific factors: morphological which determine the essential interpretation instruction of the Ger (I.1.1) and basic relationships of aspect and time between the Ger and the main proposition (I.1.2); syntactic which define the Ger as a predication (I.2.1), its syntactic function in the context of...
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The evolutionof the picture of interpreter in selected international and Czech medias
Salajková, Linda ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
The thesis focuses on the image of interpreter and interpretation in Czech printed media from 1990 to 2012. It aims to explore how interpreters present themselves in media, how journalists present interpreters and whether that image is accepted or not by the public. The thesis consists of two parts. The theoretical part focuses on methods of media and discourse analysis, definition of interpretation, formation of interpreters and professional associations in the Czech Republic. Empirical part analyses more than 800 articles about interpretation and analyses the discourse of Czech media during the period of twenty years. Analysis showed that the discourse changes constantly and the point of view of interpreters on their profession is different from the discourse created by journalists. Empirical part contains a survey which showed, that public opinion on interpreters is different from observed discourse of the media.
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Neurolinguistic Approach to Interpreting Research in Italy (SSLMIT Trieste): Beginning and Recent Trends
Kadová, Alžběta ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
An important field of interpreting research, neurolinguistic approach emerged soon after the shift towards an interdisciplinary approach to research into interpreting. The mutually beneficial collaboration between neurolinguists and interpreters has been centred mainly on the issue of language representation in interpreters as bilingual subjects, namely on the role each of the two cerebral hemispheres plays depending on the task (automatic speech production, shadowing, translation of single words or phrases, simultaneous interpreting), choice of interpreting strategy (literal vs. meaning-based interpretation) or on the direction of interpreting (B to A vs. A to B language). The thesis focuses on the research into hemispheric lateralization done at SSLMIT, University of Trieste, Italy - the place where, in the 80s, the neurolinguistic approach was first adopted. The Trieste School then remained its centre for approximately ten years. The beginning chapters of this theoretical study present the fundamentals of neuranatomy, neurophysiology and neurolinguistics, necessary for understanding of the mental processes underlying simultaneous interpretation. Furthermore, relevant neuroimaging methods are introduced that either have already been used in or could be applied to interpreting research in the...
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Polarized discourse in health literature. Comparison of Czech and French
Rucki, Zdeněk ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee) ; Sládková, Miroslava (advisor)
Every communication implies an author and an addressee. Their relationship and interaction during the communication create the phenomenon of "polarity", whose importance varies according to the type of the text. The role of polarity is significant in the popularizing literature. The popularizing literature aims to provide certain scientific information to as many readers as possible. Thus, the role of communication between the author and the addressee is very important in such texts. By means of the second person of singular or plural, the author can approach directly his addressee, ask him question or give advices. He can also try to gain his confidence by presenting himself, his opinions or experience via the first person of singular. Finally, he can also make his reader participate on the structure of the text and the exchange of information by using the first person of plural. All such means accentuate the polarity. Yet, the concrete communicative strategies can vary according to the linguistic milieu the communication takes place in. The present thesis compares the use of polarity in Czech and French health literature. The choice of this particular branch of texts was motivated by its potentially high degree of polarity and communication between the author and the addressee. The first part of the...
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