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Evaluation of output in motion activities in realtion to total energetic output in gravidity
Němcová, Barbora ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Background: Energy expenditure of physical activities of Czech women in gravidity is a lowly explorer part of energy metabolism. Objective: The purpose of this study was the estimation of the energy expenditure by physical activities and basal metabolic rate agains total energy expenditure in gravidity and to compare our values with values presented in foreign literature. Design: The energy expenditure of physical activities was established in 137 Czech women in gravidity. Women have filled daily activities in the questionnair. Seven days activities were estimated in a specially designed program GraphPad prism 4. As the values of energy expenditure of physical activities were considerated program values calculated multiplication factors (1,035; 1,062; 1,177 for the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. Result: Sixty-six pregnant women have done the special exercise made for women in gravidity.Women have spent on the average by this exercise 7,50 min/day, 14,88 min/day and 11,01 min/day at first, in second and in third trimester. One hundred twenty-two pregnant women have introduced walking. At first trimester women have burned up on the average 109,87 kcal/day, in second trimester 378,92 kcal/day and in third trimester 661,07 kcal/day. Twenty-six pregnant women have introduced yoga. At...
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Receptor for Nicotinic Acid
Suchánková, Marie ; Fendrich, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Nicotinic acid belongs to the drugs with anti-hyperlipidemia effects. It lowers levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides and increases the level of HDL. The benefit features of this vitamin are accompanied with the side effects of flushing, mainly, that have very negative influence to patient compliance. Independently, T. Soga and A. Wise have discovered the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR109A (HM74A in humans, PUMA-G in mice) as the receptor for nicotinic acid. This elucidation opened the way to elucidate the molecular identification of the mechanism of nicotinic acid-induced flushing. We have done several experiments with PUMA-G double-knockout mice which lacking the PUMA- G receptor. First of all, we have established the method for monitoring the flushing response after the administration of nicotinic acid and acipimox, its derivative with similar effect on the lipid metabolism. From our results, it implied that nicotinic acid and acipimox causes flushing response via the receptor PUMA-G. Thus we could say that PUMA-G receptors are involved in both lipid- lowering mechanism and flushing-mechanism. It has been postulated that NSAIDs can diminish the occurring flush response in the patients. Our experiments with COX-1 -/- clearly showed that COX-1 is one of the crucial enzymes in the nicotinic...
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Nutritive factors in etiopatogenesis of metabolic syndrom.
Hadrbolcová, Lenka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
1 Souhrn Atereskleróza vzniká na základě různých faktorů, které lze rozdělit na ovlivnitelené a neovlivnitelné. Rozvoj aterosklerózy podporuje stárnutí. U mužů a u žen je to jiné období života. Rozdily mezi pohlavími jsou dány hlavně přítomností hormonální odlišností obou pohlaví. Jistou roli hraje také dědičnost. Neodmyslitelnou součásti prevence aterosklerózy je "správný" životní styl a stravovací návyky. Silným aterogennim faktorem je LDL cholesterol. U rizikových pacientů je vhodné sledovat jeho hladinu v pravidelných intervalech. Hraniční hodnota mezi normální a zvýšenou hladinou celkového cholesterolu je 0,02 g/l. Hladina LDL by se měla pohybovat u dospělého člověka v rozmezí 0.013g/l-0,0159g/l. Hladina HDL by měla být o 0,0035 g/l vyšši než hladina HDL. Vyšší hodnota krevniho tlaku než je 140/90 mmHg výrazně zatěžuje srdce a poškozuje endotel cévy. Velmi silným aterogenním faktorem je kouření cigaret. Cigaretový kouř působí na rozvoj aterosklerózy hned několika mechanismy současně. Nejvýznamnějším je zvýšení oxidačního stresu a k následné oxidativní modifikaci LDL cholesterolu. V důsledku zvýšené hladiny fibrinogenu se zhoršuje reologie krve. Ve velmi krátké době poškozuje cévy také trvale vysoká hladina krevních cukrů, která je příznakem nekompenzovaného diabetu. V dnešní době výrazně zvyšuje riziko...
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Association of nutrition substrate utilization and predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD
Poláková, Terezie ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Mgr. Terezie Poláková Supervisor of rigorous thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Association of nutrition substrate utilization and predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not only the respiratory system disease, but it influences total state of health of the patient. Mainly, there are changes of nutrition metabolism in its serious consequences, which could be dangerous for the patient. The typically problem of patients with COPD is loss of the muscle mass. The main aim of this study was searching for associations between the nutrition substrates utilization and indices, which are used for prediction of morbidity and mortality in COPD patients. We compared 51 patients in all stages of COPD (38 males and 13 females, mean age 67 ± 7 years) with control group of healthy volunteers (4 males and 5 females, mean age 62 ± 4 years). Measurements were carried out on an outpatient basis by using the indirect calorimetry and determining the amount of urea in urine. Statistically significant differences between utilization of substrates we evaluated only in relative utilization of proteins in...
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