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The risk factors of viral blood borne infections in the Czech prisons.
Vítová, Sonja ; Zábranský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Charles University in Prague Study programme: Specialization in Health Care Branch of Study: Addictology Sonja Vítová The risk factors of viral blood borne infections in the Czech prisons BACHELOR'S THESIS Advisor: MUDr. Tomáš Zábranský Ph.D. PRAGUE, 2014 Abstract: Introduction:The blood-borne viral diseases mean for the prison environment serious health problem. So far there was no data in the Czech Republic that would be presented the distribution and dynamics of the disease in the prison population. Methodology: A study that uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted in four Czech facilities for imprisonment selected to represent the possible range (34 totals) such prisons in the Czech Republic. In the sero-prevalence part of the study tests for the presence of antibodies against HIV and HCV were conducted at 967 prisons (700 M and 267 F). During the tests were collected basic anamnesis data and qualitative in-depth interviews in a randomly selected sample of 380 prisoners (235 M and 145 F). The 283 (167 M and 116 F, the total number of 693; detection rate of 40.8%) members as follows based cohort with negative results in both tests were tested again in the range of 8-11 months from the first test by using the same combination of methods (in-depth interview: 112 (80 M and 32...
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Initiation of injecting drug use and application of the "Break the Cycle" intervention
Al-Halabiová, Ria ; Kalina, Kamil (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Background: Injecting drug use is one of the most risky forms of substance use that carries risks for individuals and society. The Czech Republic is one of the countries where the prevalence of injecting drug use is high and increasing. The available data show that learning to inject has, among other things, a social character. Exploring these social circumstances, as well as the personal experiences of people who inject drugs, can be a tool for designing and implementing appropriate prevention interventions. One of these effective interventions is the Break the Cycle method, which refers to the initiation of injecting as a phenomenon that can be transmitted to inexperienced persons on the basis of social learning. Reducing the assistance of experienced persons in the initiation of injection to inexperienced persons, reducing injection in front of inexperienced persons, and refusing to discuss the benefits of injection with inexperienced persons can have a positive impact on the incidence of injection use in the Czech population. Aims and Methods: The aim of this study is to provide information on the essential phenomena related to the initiation of injection drug use and to explore the experience of clients of the Prague contact centre with their initiation of injection use and their experiences...
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Addiction overalp: substituting drug use by gaming from the perspective of users
Daňková, Marie ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
v aj Background The problem of substance addiction replacement to another type of addiction is a well-known phenomenon. What is the perception of respondents' eyes on the shift from substance addiction to computer gaming? Exploring the issue of substance use substitution and the process of replacement, the reasons, mechanisms and circumstances of addiction rplacement from the subjective perspective of users. Formulation of objectives, methodology, research population Qualitative research was conducted. Interviews conducted in the form of narrative analysis, supplemented by semi-structured interview. The research population consisted of a mixed sample of five respondents with a positive substance dependence that was not of active duration and a current experience of computer gaming that may not have met the criteria of dependence. The questions were aimed at understanding the process of addiction replacement from substance dependence to computer games through the users' perspectives. The main results Respondents found the same manifestations in computer gaming as in substance addiction. Compared to substance addiction, they perceived an addiiction replacement to computer games with less detachment. It was not possible to describe the replacement phases because it is a gradual process that the...
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Prevalence and patterns of substance use among clients of Hard and Smart programme in 2016-2019
Vaverková, Klára ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the phenomenon of substance abuse in the entertainment environment. The aim of the work is to find out the level and patterns of substance abuse among clients of the H&S Program in the years 2016-2019. Its partial goal is to examine the connection of their use with sociodemographic factors, with factors related to the type of event and cultural characteristics of the entertainment environment and the development of these factors over time. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part provides information about the environment of nightlife and entertainment, how music is related to this environment and what musical subcultures can be encountered. Due to the addictological focus of the work, the following is information about the use of psychoactive substances in this environment, the motivation of visitors to use these substances and information about the risks associated with it. The last part introduces the H&S Program, as a major provider of preventive and harm reduction services in the nightlife and entertainment environment in the Czech Republic. The results show that during the period under review, there was a significant increase in the number of implementations of the H&S Program at music events between the individual years. Its attendance has...
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Coping Strategies of Employees of Low-threshold Services for Drug Users
Kovářová, Tereza ; Janíková, Barbara (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
Background: Low-threshold addiction facilities are in contact primarily with active drug users and deal with a very wide range of problems and situations, including those in crisis. Coping strategies can be crucial in preventing the burnout syndrome, which puts people in the helping professions, including workers in low-threshold addiction facilities, at risk. There is no published study in our territory that would aim at coping strategies on above mentioned target group. Aims: To map coping strategies of workers in low-threshold addiction facilities and to describe possible differences in these strategies between men and women. Methods: This is an online questionnaire study among employees of all low-threshold addiction facilities in the Czech Republic. A sample research group consisted of all employees of these facilities who work here for at least 20 hours a week. Respondents were acquired by the method of self-selection. A mixed research design was chosen. Data was obtained through a standardized Stress Management Strategy questionnaire 78 and an open-ended question focusing on what helps respondents reduce stress and tension. The structured questionnaire was converted into electronic form and sent to respondents through individual low-threshold services for drug users. The obtained data were...
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Supervision of a probation officer over a client using addictive substances
Dočekalová, Dita ; Gabrhelíková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví Studijní obor: Adiktologie Dita Dočekalová Dohled probačního úředníka nad klientem užívajícím návykové látky Supervision of a probation officer over a client using addictive substances Abstract Vedoucí závěrečné práce Mgr. Pavlína Gabrhelíková, Ph.D. Praha, 2021 ABSTRACT Background: This diploma thesis deals with the supervision of a probation officer at the Probation and Mediation Service clients who are also users of addictive substances and committed crime under the influence of these substances. It is not obligatory for a probation officers to have an addictological education, but due to the increasing number of drug-related crime, supplementing knowledge in this area is desirable. The focus of the work is qualitative research, which consists of analyzing documents and describing casework with my clients using addictive substances. Objectives: The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the application of key addictology skills in the specific conditions of the Probation and Mediation Service, during supervision with addictive substance abuse users. Sample: The issue will be demonstrated from the results of working with three clients of the Probation and Mediation Service, who have been given suspended...
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Benzodiazepine use in clients of harm reduction programs of SEMIRAMIS z.ú: questionnaire survey
Staš, Filip ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
BACKGROUND: Abuse of psychoactive drugs shows up to 900 thousand people in Czech Republic, benzodiazepine (further referred as BZD) alprazolam abuse up to 270 thousand people. This is a long-hidden and unresolved problem that also affects people who use drugs. AIMS: The aim of this work is to describe the occurrence of benzodiazepine use among the clients of outreach program and contact center SEMIRAMIS z.ú. To fulfill it, research questions were formulated with focus on prevalence of use, sources of BZD, patterns of their use, the occurrence of risk use of BZD and knowledge of the risks associated with BZD use. METHODS: Quantitative research using a standardized questionnaire was used for data collection and processing. Sample consisted of 79 respondents from clients of the above- mentioned programs using the method of self-selection and selection by judgment. The obtained data were processed using coding, qualitative data from open questions were subjected to basic qualitative analysis. Sorted data were then analyzed and compared using descriptive-statistical methods. MAIN RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of benzodiazepine use was 67 %, in the last year 37 % of respondents used BZD. 31 % of respondents use them daily or at least once a week. The most commonly used was Rivotril. 44 % of respondents...
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Continuum of care in HCV treatment among clients of low-threshold programmes for PWUDs in Prague
Havlíková, Petra ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Background: Viral hepatitis C (HCV) represents a major public health problem worldwide and also in the Czech Republic. There are as many as 80,000 people have been living with chronic HCV in Czechia since 2015, most of them are/were drug addicts who have been infected by contaminated syringes. Global and national efforts to eliminate HCV are currently underway, focusing primarily on improving the quality of treatment continuity (sustainability, uninterrupted treatment) which involves ensuring the availability of testing for all patients, patients' involvement in their own treatment, sustaining treatment, achieving a response rate and the necessary follow-up care. Objective: To describe the HCV continuum of care in people who inject drugs (mapping testing rate, treatment uptake and treatment completion), and to describe the factors that affect this process. Based on the collected data, to formulate recommendations for addiction care professionals in order to improve HCV continuum of care. Methodology: A questionnaire survey among clients of low-threshold centres in Prague was carried out. The convenient sample consisted of a total of 60 respondents, 20 from each of the three centres. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data collection was realised in August 2019. Results: Out of the 60...
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Evaluation of client satisfaction with harm reduction progamme No Biohazard
Nováková, Kristýna ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Background: In this work, I deal with adequacy of services and needs of clients within the No Biohazard program. The purpose of the evaluation is important particularly for directors and program managers. It is the directors and managers who are often asked to justify the need for their programs. Client satisfaction is believed to be a concept that is well understood by clients, the public, public authorities and other institutions that provide funding to these organizations (WHO, UNDCP & EMCDDA, 2000). Aims: The main goal was to find out the satisfaction of clients with the offered interventions offered by the No Biohazard program to clients, optionally how particular aspects of interventions could be improved. Research questions identify sources of dissatisfaction with the interventions offered. Partial goals also include finding out the level of client satisfaction with the local and time availability of No Biohazard, creating a proposal to increase the level of No Biohazard and finally designing an inventory of Harm Reduction material that could be offered to outreach program clients. Research file: The research sample is drug users who should meet the EMCDDA definition of problem drug users. I chose respondents to the research through institutions - it was an institutional selection with a...
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