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The God Sobek in Ptolemaic and Roman Times. A Confrontation of the Cult of Sobek in Krokodilopolis and Kom Ombo
Galuzina, Maria ; Coppens, Filip (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
Anotation The B.A. paper deals with the cult of the Egyptian crocodile god Sobek in Ptolemaic and Roman times. The aim of this work is to compare the cult of Sobek in his temples in the Fayum oasis with the center in Shedet/Krokodilopolis, and in the famous double temple of Kom Ombo in Upper Egypt. The main part of the paper focuses on the analysis of the nature, key aspects and forms of the god, including his name, role in the religious system, temple festivals, oracles and syncretism with other gods. Great attention is also paid to the comparison of local theologies of the Fayum and Kom Ombo and the most important theological document of the Krokodilopolite priests - the so-called "Book of the Fayum" - that brings both theologies together. On the grounds of this analysis, present B.A. work tries to trace and describe the development and diversity of the cult of the crocodile god Sobek in Ptolemaic and Roman times.
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The Planet Venus in the religion of Ancient Egypt
Kaplanová, Eliška ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Roubalová, Marie (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to identify the position of the planet Venus in the religion of ancient Egypt. The thesis is focused on the mythological context, especially the possibility of identifying of the planet with deities or divine entities with regard to astronomical speeches of the planet and its place in the pantheon of ancient Egypt. Furthermore, it examines records showing Venus as a Morning star in Egyptian mortuary texts and its connection to the deceased king.
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Thebes in the Middle of the 22nd Dynasty. Four Influential Theban Families.
Tomášková, Kamila ; Smoláriková, Květa (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
The thesis focuses on the four important Theban families of the 21st and 22nd Dynasties (the families of Nesipakashuty, Nebneceru, Djedthutefankh B and Neseramun). The text also pays attention to ways in which the political situation and cultural tendencies of the Libyan Period were reflected in the titulatury and biographical inscriptions of family members. The thesis opens with a general discussion of the Libyan influence on Egypt and a summary of the history of Thebes during the 20th-22nd Dynasties. The overview of the four families based on the lists of their members' titles and their biographical inscriptions follows. In the closing part an interpretation of influences of the changing political and cultural situation on the particular families is proposed: the political events themselves are reflected in the extant sources concerning the families only exceptionally, while the traces of political and cultural tendencies of the period are clearly present in these sources.
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Gods with Solar Aspects during the Old Kingdom
Peterková Hlouchová, Marie ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Morales, Antonio (referee) ; Allen, James P. (referee)
The thesis focuses on the group of deities with solar aspects in the period of the Old Kingdom (ca. 2592-2118+25 BC). For this research, five gods were selected: Atum, Shu, Kheprer, Nefertum and Weneg. They were either linked to the sun cycle and light (Atum and Kheprer, evening and morning sun respectively, Shu), or to some particular plants (Nefertum to water lily and Weneg to the so-called wng-plant). Some of the deities under survey also represented a part of the so- called Heliopolitan cosmogony and cosmology. A number of Old Kingdom sources (Pyramid Texts, tomb decoration and burial equipment with special focus on the funerary domains and offering formulae, royal names and epithets, personal names, royal annals and administrative sources, namely seals and sealings, papyri from Wadi el-Jarf, Gebelein and Abusir, and titles) are analysed, taking into consideration the attestations for the individual gods and the information concerning the links of the deities to the sun and their solar aspects. Likewise, the roles and functions of these divinities, and their relation to other divine beings are studied. Further research questions are in which social spheres these gods appeared and where they were venerated, if exclusively in Heliopolis and its vicinity, or if there were diverse sanctuaries...
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The social role and meaning of jewels in the Old Kingdom
Kovalovská, Soňa ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
This work offers a view into the representation and function of the jewellery in the Old Kingdom. We can consider jewellery as a part of the cultural values of mankind, not only because of its aesthetic function. My purpose is a comprehensive insight of the importance and the representation of jewellery in the Old Kingdom, which is associated with a social role of the tomb owners. The primary source of knowledge of the meanings and functions of the jewellery are the iconographic sources in the Old Kingdom nonroyal tombs, including the scenes of the jewellery workshops and jewels as part of the funerary equipment.
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Seth, the guardian of Ra
Rovenský, Jan ; Coppens, Filip (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
This B.A. thesis is a study of the ancient Egyptian god Seth and his very particular role as the guardian of the sun god Ra. The focus is primarily on available epigraphic and iconographic evidence whilst at the same time examining Seth from a wider historical, religious, iconographic and ideological perspective. Although the image of Seth in the role of the guardian of Ra might seem out of place at first, this thesis concludes that such a concept is wholly in accordance with the expectations of the ancient Egyptians and their religion.
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Akhenaten's religious reform as a background of Moses's antireligious emphases in Torah
Bureš, Jiří ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is searching for possible influences of Akhenaten's religious reform on the person of early Moses. The first part is devoted to the analysis of Akhenaten's reform and events and religious currents that may have left marks on its character. I believe that for understanding of this reform, which is atypical from the perspective of Egyptian history, it is important to briefly mention preceding traditions and historical events that may have inspired Akhenaten. The second part deals with the analysis of Moses's story, especially where Moses is most confronted with Egyptian civilisation. The question of historicity of exodus is also discussed. On the basis of acquired findings, the third part summarises individual similarities and differences in the legacies of both men. Unequivocal conclusions could not be arrived at due to the nature of available resources. However, I believe that further and more detailed research in this area and closer examination of individual resources which were beyond the scope of this work could lead to other interesting findings.
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Exodus and the Egyptian Tradition
Smítková, Veronika ; Mynářová, Jana (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
Exodus, the second book of Moses, narrates the stay of the Israelites in Egypt, their leave and wandering to the Promised Land. According to the Old Testament narration, they served as slaves making bricks and working on fields in Egypt. Whether the story is true or fictitious, that is the subject of ardent debates for several decades. The historicity has not been reliably confirmed yet, as well as several other aspects of this biblical book. However, it is interesting that we can see similarities between particular passages of Exodus and the ancient Egyptian sources. The aim of the B.A. thesis is to provide a comparison of ancient Egyptian cultural studies with the biblical tradition. Within that there will be introduced some iconographic and written sources that are focused particularly on the brick production and agricultural works, which according to the Old Testament version the Israelite people was toiling with. Even though cited sources do not prove the truthfulness of the story, they at least detail the historical and cultural background of the book of Exodus.
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