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Valvular heart diseases: some of the less frequent aspects of the problem-the task of noninvazive methods
Línková, Hana ; Gregor, Pavel (advisor) ; Mandysová, Eva (referee) ; Linhartová, Kateřina (referee)
Unusual aspects of valvular heart disease - the role of noninvasive imaging methods MUDr. Hana Línková Abstract More than 100 million people around the word suffer from valvular heart diseases (VHD). We observe changes in the etiological spectrum in well developed countries. The number of postrheumatic diseases diminishes, while there is an increased number of patients diagnosed with degenerative VHD, in particular with aortic stenosis (AS). The observed increase of VHD, in particular secundary etiology of VHD, is also connected with an improved treatment of heart failure. Less frequently, the VHD can result from unusual mechanisms, in particular regurgitation VHD developed on both native and artificial valves. This work concentrates on the VHD which developed more or less due to iatrogenic mechanism. A special attention is payed to noninvasive imaging methods used for VHD diagnoses, their prediction and prevention. These diseases developed as a result of drugs therapy which can induce valvulopathy or they can appear as a complication of transcathether aortic valve replacement (TAVI) with patients with AS. In the first part of this work, possible effects of Pergolide is described. Pergolide - an agonist of dopamine receptors- used in the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) can contribute to the development...
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New diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of inflammatiory cardiomyopathy
Kuchynka, Petr ; Šimek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Krejčí, Jan (referee) ; Gregor, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Inflammatory cardiomyopathy (DCMi) represents a non-familial form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is crucial for its diagnosis. Aims: To assess the prevalence of DCMi in patients with DCM of unclear origin, to evaluate the significance of serological tests for antibodies against infectious cardiotrophic agents and to analyze the effect of specific therapy guided by EMB results. Methods: EMB was performed in 56 subjects (mean age 52 ± 10 years) with DCM of unclear etiology and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) < 40% with a history of heart failure less than 1 year. EMB samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy. Results: Immunohistochemical examination revealed myocardial inflammation in 26 patients (46%), the PCR method detected genome of microbial agents in 32 patients (57%). Electron microscopy showed the presence of particles of microbial agents in 41 patients (73%). Serological blood tests found no IgM antibody positivity against any of the investigated microbial agents. Targeted antibiotic therapy in patients with evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) genome in the EMB led to a reduction in LV size, improvement of LV EF and alleviate symptoms of heart failure. Conclusion: DCMi...
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The stress response to cardiac catheterisation. The concentration of stress markers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Skarlandtová, Hana ; Kittnar, Otomar (advisor) ; Gregor, Pavel (referee) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
In our study, we analyzed four stress markers (cortisol, cortisone, DHEA and DHEAS) in blood serum in young sows using minimally invasive heart catheterisation as the stress factor. The marker levels were assessed in four defined periods of the experiment, beginning with the baseline level on the day before intervention (1), the second period was after the introduction of anaesthesia (2), the third was after conducting tissue stimulation or ablation (3), and the final period was after the end of the catheterisation (4). Cortisol and cortisone were detected using HPLC method, DHEA(S) by commercial kits. For statistical analyses non-parametric tests were used (due to non standard Gaussian data distribution). In our study we arranged these experiments: 1. Diurnal variability in these markers concentration during heart catheterisation was tested. 2. Are there differences between stress markers concentration the day before experiment (sampling 1) and in the day of the catheterisation (samplings 2, 3, 4)? 3. Are there differences between these markers concentration during operation (the first sampling was excluded)? 4. The cortisol/cortisone ratio was calculated. We found only minimal statistical differences in studied markers between the morning and afternoon group (p > 0.05) in experiment 1. For tested...
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Genetic testing in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Bonaventura, Jiří ; Veselka, Josef (advisor) ; Pudil, Radek (referee) ; Gregor, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterised by marked heterogeneity both in phenotype and genotype. One of the main objectives in medical care is early HCM diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular events including sudden cardiac death (SCD). In a large number of patients, we do not detect any pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant within molecular genetic analysis. Since the genomic testing is time consuming, expensive and difficult to interpret, the patients should be carefully selected. A proper selection of patients helps to prevent SCD in asymptomatic high-risk patients and reduce the unnecessary preventive steps in low-risk individuals. Hypothesis: There are clinical and morphologic HCM characteristics associated with positive genotype. Objectives: 1) Perform genomic testing in a large cohort of Czech HCM patients 2) Identify clinical and morphologic HCM characteristics associated with positive result of genomic testing (finding P/LP variant) 3) Utilize the clinical and morphologic HCM characteristics to predict the result of genomic testing 4) Facilitate cascade family genetic screening by genotyping HCM probands for early prevention of cardiovascular events before clinically overt HCM 5) Investigate the genotype and outcome of HCM patients treated with ASA...
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Analysis of GPS data in orienteering sports
Picek, Štěpán ; Gregor, Petr (advisor) ; Kučera, Petr (referee)
In orienteering sports, there are many analytical tools used for determining the performance of competitors and the visualization of the routes. However, none of these tools allows automatic comparison and subsequent analysis of competitors' completed track between each single control point. The thesis intends to use the Needleman-Wunsch bioinformatics algorithm for comparison of GPS data, and their visualization within a web application. The application allows comparison of the track with other competitors, analysis of the performance and the connection with other tools. It is created on the ASP.NET Core platform and the Model- View-Controller design pattern with the use of other technologies such as HTML, CSS and TypeScript.
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Applications of Gray codes in cache-oblivious algorithms
Mička, Ondřej ; Fink, Jiří (advisor) ; Gregor, Petr (referee)
Modern computers employ a sophisticated hierarchy of caches to decrease the latency of memory accesses. This led to the development of cache-oblivious algorithms that strive to achieve the best possible performance on such memory hierarchies with minimal knowledge of the exact parameters of the hierarchy. A common technique used in the design of cache-oblivious algorithms is a recursion-based divide-and-conquer method. In this work, we show an alternative technique based on the Gray codes. We use the binary reflected Gray code to traverse arrays in the cache-oblivious way, allowing us to design algorithms for problems such as matrix transposition, naive matrix multiplication or naive convolution that match the asymptotic performance of their recursion-based counterparts. The advantage is that our algorithms can be implemented without recursion (or a stack that simulates it) by using a loopless algorithm. We also introduce a variant of the binary reflected Gray code tuned to certain applications of our technique and an almost loopless algorithm to generate it. Apart from the theoretical analysis of our technique's performance, we also examine its practical performance on the problem of matrix transposition.
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Communism in Guatemala? Eisenhower's "New Look" and policy of rolling-back
Gregor, Patrik ; Fiala, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the causes, progress and consequences of the overthrow of the democratically elected and reform president of Guatemala - Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán in 1954 - the coup d'état of the "National Liberation Army" under the leadership of Carlos Castillo Armas and his "secret" US allies. The main reasons for the overthrow of the Árbenz's regime in Guatemala were the potential threat of "leaking of international communism" in the US sphere of influence, i.e. Western Hemisphere and threat of US economic interests in Guatemala which are interrelated with the agrarian reform declared by president Árbenz. The aim of this diploma thesis is to answer key questions related to the overthrow of president Árbenz in 1954. Keywords: Guatemala, USA, Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán, Carlos Castillo Armas, Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Parity vertex colorings
Soukup, Jan ; Gregor, Petr (advisor) ; Kučera, Petr (referee)
A parity path in a vertex colouring of a graph G is a path in which every colour is used even number of times. A parity vertex colouring is a vertex colouring having no parity path. Let χp(G) be the minimal number of colours in a parity vertex colouring of G. It is known that χp(Bn) ≥ √ n where Bn is the complete binary tree with n layers. We show that the sharp inequality holds. We use this result to obtain a new bound χp(T) > 3 √ log n where T is any binary tree with n vertices. We study the complexity of computing the parity chromatic number χp(G). We show that checking whether a vertex colouring is a parity vertex colouring is coNP-complete and we design an exponential algorithm to com- pute it. Then we use Courcelle's theorem to prove the existence of a FPT algorithm checking whether χp(G) ≤ k parametrized by k and the treewidth of G. Moreover, we design our own FPT algorithm solving the problem. This algorithm runs in polynomial time whenever k and the treewidth of G is bounded. Finally, we discuss the relation of this colouring to other types of colourings, specifically unique maximum, conflict free, and parity edge colourings.
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Genetic Approach To Hypercube Problems
Kuboň, David ; Gregor, Petr (advisor) ; Pilát, Martin (referee)
The main focus of this thesis are hypercubes. In the first part, we introduce hypercubes, which form an interesting class of graphs that has practical uses in networks and distributed computing. Because of their varied applications, the thesis describes the graph-theory problems related to hypercubes such as searching for detour spanners, minimizing their maximal degree and finding multiple edge- disjoint spanners. It also overviews current results on selected hypercube problems and proposes a solution using a genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm is designed, implemented and its performance is evaluated. The conclusion is that applying a genetic algorithm to some hypercube problems is a viable, but not the most effective method.
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Hamiltonian cycles in Kneser graphs
Hulcová, Tereza ; Šámal, Robert (advisor) ; Gregor, Petr (referee)
In this thesis, we will discuss existence of hamiltonian cycles in Kneser graphs: graphs K(n,k) with vertex set corresponding to k-element subsets from set of n elements, and vertices will be adjacent if and only if their corresponding k-sets are disjoint. Lovász's conjecture about vertex transitive graphs implies hamiltonicity of Kneser graphs for n ≥ 2k + 1. Chen proved that K(n, k) are hamiltonian for n ≥ 3k. Later she improved her result to n ≥ 2.6k + 1. In both cases she used Baranyai's partition theorem. Recent proof of Middle levels conjecture allowed to show hamiltonicity of bipartite Kneser graphs. We will get familiar with some these results.
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