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Reading comprehension in children at risk of learning difficulties
Bláhová, Veronika ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the level of reading comprehension in children at risk of developing grammar difficulties. The main goal consisted of assessing the performance and children's success in two experimental groups (with impaired speech development and the familial risk of dyslexia) and one control group (individuals with typical speech development) at the Test of Reading Comprehension based on the YARC diagnostic scale (Hulme et al., 2009). Additionally, we also observed the performance of children throughout a longer period of time. Consequently, it enabled us to compare the performance of children in the original test with the results of the Test of Reading and Comprehension by M. Caravolas and J. Volín (2005), which was administered two years later. Further analysis reveal that the individuals with the impaired speech development performed significantly worse than the children with familial risk of dyslexia whose performance was very much on the same level as the ones with typical speech development. Additionally, we found out that the performance of children in terms of comprehension does not change significantly during their development. The results of this study may be beneficial both for specialists and parents who may obtain a better understanding of their children's...
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Language Awareness of Children at the Early School
Votrubová, Alena ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the linguistic awareness of children at the first and second grade of elementary school in both reading methods, i.e. the analytic-synthetic and the genetic method of reading. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the critical analysis of the terms "linguistic awareness" and "linguistic sense" is done and further the approaches and traditions used abroad are compared to actual situation in the Czech Republic. In the analytic part of the thesis, the research project focused on the comparison of two tests of linguistic awareness is developed. The first method is the traditional Linguistic Sense Examination (Žlab, 1992), used not only for the diagnosing of the specific learning disorders, but also for diagnosing of bilingual children, children from minority groups and children with hearing or mental disabilities. The second method is the new Linguistic Awareness Test (Kucharská, Šmejkalová, under the preparation) prepared in the cooperation with Department of Czech Language and the Department of psychology PedF UK. In the research project, there were 40 schoolchild from the first and second grade of elementary school, 20 of them in the analytic-synthetic method of reading and 20 of them in the genetic method of reading. Several areas were monitored. Firstly, the...
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School readiness assessment
Orlíková, Vendula ; Trpišovská, Dobromila (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
ORLIKOVA, V. Evaluation of readiness for admission to primary school. Prague 2015. Diploma thesis. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Education. Psychology department. The first chapter defines the concept of school maturity and readiness. The second chapter lays down the general criteria of child's maturity for primary school. It deals with pupil's physical, and especially psychical readiness for school. The third chapter describes several means of diagnosing school maturity and readiness by various methods and tests. The empiric part of the thesis deals with awareness of criteria of school maturity at selected schools and the means of their application for evaluation of readiness for admission to school. It also includes characteristics of the selected schools, used methods of research and results of the conducted research. In the last part of the thesis, there is a discussion and a conclusion. KEYWORDS Criteria of maturity, enrollment, evaluation, primary school enrollment
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Perception and coping with the specific learning disabilities impacts on everyday life of children with this diagnosis
Vilímová, Zuzana ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
TITLE: Perception and coping with the specific learning disabilities impacts on everyday life of children with this diagnosis. ABSTRACT This text is focused on recognition of impacts of the specific learning disabilities on everyday life as the children with this diagnosis themselves see it and the strategies used by these children in order to cope with these disabilities. The theoretical part summarizes the necessary knowledge of the early school age developmental stage, the interaction of a child with the family, and briefly the stress and the coping. The results of last year's mothers of specific learning disabilities diagnosed children research are also presented. The empirical part is based on semi-structured interviews with six children diagnosed with the specific learning disabilities attending fourth or fifth grade of primary school. Based on it's qualitative analysis, the thesis attempts to clarify how the specific learning disabilities diagnosed children perceive and experience the impacts of this disabilities on them and how do they cope with it. KEYWORDS specific learning disabilities (SLD), child, family, school, failures, coping strategy
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Accuracy and speed in numerosity at individuals with dyscalculia
Pražáková, Kateřina ; Špačková, Klára (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The thesis deals with the topic of dyscalculia, which is officially recognized as a learning disability. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the current status of knowledge about development of mathematical skills and their disorders in the context of dyscalculia. The empiric part of this thesis describes a research which compares the performances of individuals with dyscalculia and control participants on a range number and numerosity processing tasks. The main goal was to describe the image of possible causes of difficulties. Deficits in the processing of symbolic and nonsymbolic numerosities were observed in group of dyscalculic participants. We conclude that dyscalculia is related to specific disabilities in basic numerical and numerosity processing which affects ability to acquire arithmetical skills. KEYWORDS Klíčová slova (anglicky): Dyscalculia, numerosity, arithmetic skills, mathematical skills, specific learning difficulties
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Child with developmental dysphasia in regular kindergarten
Tuhá, Michala ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
This thesis deals with children with impaired communication ability who are educated in regular kindergarden we use preschool also. The implementation of the research was selected as the research sample of 5 children with impaired communication abilities, specifically impaired developmental dysphasia. The theoretical part deals with the classification of impaired communication skills and the definition of developmental dysphasia. Comprehensively deals with the integration and education of children with ICA in regular kindergardens, preschool teacher quality and its role in the development of a child with ICA, focused on the development of children with developmental dysphasia. It also monitors the cooperation of kindergarden, parents and experts in the form of a speech therapist, workers SPC and PPC workers. The purpose of the research is based on interviews with parents, teachers, teacher assistants and direct short-term observation of the research sample in the form of 5 children with developmental dysphasia, who are educated in regular kindergarden to explore the learning process of a child with developmental dysphasia in regular kindergarden and map risks and benefits affecting his education.
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Students of teaching with learning disabilities
Pejchalová, Michaela ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
in English The thesis focuses on trainee teachers with specific learning disabilities. Its aim is to map their university study and teaching practice. The research part is supplemented with a short survey showing public opinion on teachers with learning disabilities. The thesis is based on empirical research of qualitative nature with quantitative information. Data were obtained from semi structured interviews with students of teaching with specific learning disabilities and from the questionnaire conducted which the public. Another analysis (qualitative and quantitative) and an interpretation of the data followed. All the findings were then compared with the data fixed in literature. The written work consists of three major parts. The theoretical part is predominantly based on abroad scientific sources of information about people with dyslexia studying at a university and employed. The second part of the thesis describes the methodology of the research and the analysis of the data. The two most important results of the research are represented by a number of features which describe a trainee teacher with specific learning disabilities, and the public opinion on such a person. The third part of the thesis discusses and summarizes similarities and differences of the research and a relevant...
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The early literacy development and its variability in children at risk of dyslexia: The prediction models of literacy deficits.
Medřická, Tereza ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee) ; Bytešníková, Ilona (referee)
In the context of both projects Enhancing literacy development in European languages, work package 2 and The early literacy development and its variability in children at risk of specific learning disabilities, we monitored child development of literacy in preschool age and during the first years of school attendance in a four-stage process. The research group (n = 76) compound of typically developing children (BV = 37), children with the family risk of dyslexia (RR = 22) and children with specific language impairment (NVŘ = 17). We evaluated development of phonemic/phonological, lexical/semantic and morphological/syntactic skills, preliteracy skills and early literacy skills. The last fifth test stage included the assessment of literacy development in 3rd graders. First, a group of children with literacy deficits (n = 9) was identified via the latent profile analysis method. Subsequently, four predictive models of literacy deficits for each stage were created by means of lasso or L-1 penalized regression method. Predictive models follows the trend that until literacy skills are fully automatized (preschool age and the 1st grade), phonemic and phonological skills predominate, but later - after the formal learning to read and write proceeds - early literacy skills are becoming more and more...
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