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Determination of Paracetamol content in selected drugs using ATR-FTIR spectrometry
Waczulíková, Kristína ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with determination of paracetamol content in selected drugs by ATR-FTIR spectrometry and aims to design and optimize determination of paracetamol in dosage forms by a direct measurement of the sample, called ‘dry way’. Tablets of three drugs containing paracetamol have been studied. Wavelength ranges were determined from the measured FTIR spectra as regions where the absorptions of fillers (microcrystal cellulose, starch and magnesium stearate) were minimal. Absorption bands of paracetamol were selected at the wavenumbers of 1 503 cm-1 and 1 224 cm-1 in order to construct a calibration curve. The contents of paracetamol in the drug tablets were calculated using calibration curves obtained by the method of simple regression analysis. The lowest deviation from the amount of 500 mg paracetamol per tablet as reported by the manufacturer was from the calibration curve for paracetamol with microcrystalline cellulose. The determined amounts of paracetamol per tablet in the selected drugs lied within range 493.5–505.5 mg. These results point to the conclusion that the ATR-FTIR spectrometry method can be used for the quantitative determination of paracetamol in drugs using direct measurement, as deviations from the reference value of 500 mg did not exceed 1.5 % for cellulose and 3.85 % for magnesium stearate and therefore are within acceptable limits for the exploratory study.
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Optimization of optical and transport properties of PVA based hydrogels
Zahrádka, Jan ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to design and optimize a suitable method for preparation of transparent physically crosslinked hydrogels with manipulable transport properties. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) crosslinked by cyclic freezing and thawing was chosen as the model gel-forming material. From the originally proposed three mechanisms of influencing optical properties of thus prepared PVA gels, the influence of freezing rate was selected on the basis of pilot screening experiments for a deeper follow-up analysis. The mechanical properties of prepared hydrogels were analyzed by rheology using strain sweep test. The internal structure was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimized technique for preparation of transparent PVA gels was subsequently used for preparation of gels with an interpenetrated polyelectrolyte component (poly (styrene sulfonate)). It was then experimentally verified by diffusion pair method with methylene blue as diffusion probe that the hybrid hydrogel network has modified transport properties.
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Utilization of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques in study of stress-response of cyanobacteria
Skoryk, Maksym ; Šedrlová, Zuzana (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce je soustředěná na zkoumaní cyanobakterií, vystavených hyper a hyposmotickým stresům. Na základě literární rešerše byly navžené vhodné analytické metody určené ke studiu dvou modelových organismu - Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 a Synechocystis sp. salina Wislouch CCALA 192. Celkem čtyři metody byly použité k charakterizaci osmoticky zatížených bakterií. Průtoková cytometrie byla použita k vyhodnocení viability. Fluorescenční sonda SYTOX Blue poskytla důvěryhodnou informaci ohledně viability bakterií. Propidium jodid naopak poskytl nezřetelnou informaci. Optické vlastnosti cyanobakterií byly prozkoumané pomoci UV-VIS absorpčních a turbidimetrických měření. Termogravimetrická analýza byla použita pro mapování změn obsahu vody v osmoticky stresovaných buňkách. Tato metoda ukazala. že PHB-positivní Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 jsou pravděpodobně vice odolné vůči hyperosmotickým stresům než PHB-negativní. Plynová chromatografie byla použita ke kvantifikaci vnitrobuněčného PHB, který činil přibližně 1-2 % suché hmoty PHB-positivních buněk.
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Characterization of bacterial strains obtained in evolutionary engineering
Hrabalová, Vendula ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with application of evolutionary engineering on PHA producing bacterial strains. Two bacterial strains, Cupriavidus necator H16 and Halomonas halophila, were chosen for the evolutionary experiments. Copper cations (Cu2+) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were chosen as the selective pressure for C. necator H16; acetic acid (AA) and levulinic acid (LA) for Halomonas halophila. The adapted strains were during long-time evolutionary experiments characterized by GC-FID and SEC-MALS. The growth of the adapted strains was studied by the mean of optical density measurement. The amount of viable cells was determined by spectral FC after their expositon to selected stress factors. Specific enzyme activities of enzymes involved in citrate and glyoxalate cycle, enzymes generating NADPH, LA metabolism enzyme and PHA biosynthesis enzymes were determined. The adapted strains were compared with the wild-type of strains. The successfull adaptation of C. necator H16 adapted to Cu2+ was detected. Biomass and PHA production of both wild and adapted H. halophila strains cultivated in lignocellulosis waste were determined. It was found out that H. halophila adapted to the LA is capable of producing more PHA than the wild strain of this bacteria.
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Modelling of particle thermal motion
Orság, Miroslav ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
The goal of this thesis was to get familiar with the basics of mathematical description of the thermal motion of particles in a given media, and with other possibilities of the software package COMSOL Multiphysics. A model for viscous and viscoelastic environments was created, a uniform and user friendly system for simulation and calculation of MSD and system for data conversion from FCS to MSD. Furthermore, the possibilities of the model for use in microrheology were assessed and another procedure in the implementation of the COMSOL program in the characterization of gels was proposed.
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Influence of hydroxyacids on transdermal absorption of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients
Volhinava, Anastasiya ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with the experimental study of transdermal transport of individual hydroxyacids and their combination with water-soluble vitamins. During this work the literature review was prepared, which was focused on the use of hydroxyacids in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. At the same time the current state of use of water-soluble vitamins for topical applications was studied. Series of experiments was performed using Franz diffusion cells to simulate transdermal transport in vitro across cutaneous, synthetic and artificial Strat M ® membranes. The methodology of sample preparation and analysis of their transport properties was invented and optimized. The optimized methodology was subsequently used in a series of diffusion experiments in which the penetrated amount of hydroxyacids was analyzed by ion chromatography. The concentration of water-soluble vitamins was determined by HPLC. All examined active substances demonstrate positive penetration properties. The best results were obtained with combination of glycolic acid with pyridoxine.
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The Suggestion of Optimal Supply Process for New Orders
Adamík, Vít ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Jurová, Marie (advisor)
The topic of diploma thesis was implemented in selected mechanical engineering company producing precision parts in small series. The main aim of the thesis is to create the suggestion of optimal supply process for new orders. The first part of thesis describes the company, area of its business and the processes of the order. In second part, the production analysis is carried out: production order path, production analysis for two reference parts, comparison of all time delay over two last years, find bottlenecks in the supply process. Base on analysis, theoretical approaches was described. In the last chapter there are suggestions for improvement of supply processes and thus shortening of production time of new orders.
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Study on adhesion properties of hydrogels to solid surfaces
Šindelářová, Anna ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelors thesis deals with optimization and subsequent verification of the applicability of an unconventional method for determination of adhesion properties of hydrogels and materials related to them, which will then be useful for measuring the adhesion of hydrogels to solid surfaces using rheological techniques. In the case of the presented thesis, the determination of adhesion properties by means of rheometer and simple experiments such as slipping of measured materials on inclined surface is chosen. The results of both of these methods are compared to each other and also to the knowledge gained from literature. The applicability of the methods is assessed in terms of objective results, reproducibility, and whether the measured data are quantitative expressions of adhesion properties. It has been found that rheometry is useful as a reliable quantitative method of measuring adhesion. The rheometric data was reproducible and consistent. By this method, it was found that, with increasing concentration of dispersion, the adhesion force increases, which is in agreement with the knowledge obtained from literature.
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Influence of particle size on microreology experiments using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Valovič, Stela ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with microrheology measured via the fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. As microrheological probes, fluorescently marked nanoparticles of 5 sizes in the range of 10-100 nm, were used. The particles had been immersed in a variety of concentrated glycerol solutions and agarose gels of different concentrations, and the FCS measurement revealed a diffusion coefficient of individual particles in each environment. Based on the coefficient, the viscosity of the glycerol needed to stop the particles could be determined. Particles of 10 nm size were not stopped even by the 100 wt% glycerol. In the case of the agarose gels, a combination of higher agarose concentration and larger particles resulted in an increase in the diffusion coefficient to an unlikely high value. This was caused probably by an agarose autofluorescence and the value indicates stopping of the particles in the given agarose gel. Later, the data acquired by the FCS measurement were converted to MSD curves using MATLAB software. The thesis discusses the influence of the experimental parameters on the shape of the MSD curve. The results showed that the number of particles and autocorrelation function have the most significant effect.
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Biotechnological production of sophorolipids
Šimšová, Veronika ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the microbial production of sophorolipids by the Starmerella genus yeasts. The theoretical part of the thesis includes general characteristics of biosurfactants with the focus on sophorolipids. There are described the options of biotechnological production of sophorolipids and fields of their possible applications. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the describtion of Starmerella bombicola yeast, which is often used for biotechnological production of sophorolipids. Six strains of the Starmerella genus were cultured in the basic medium suitable for sophorolipid produsction. The amount of produced sophorolipids was tested by the emulsification capacity assay, solubilization of crystalline anthracene assay, measuring the surface tension by the Du-Noüy-Ring method and determination of the sophorolipid concentration by extraction with ethyl acetate. The purity of the extracted sophorolipids was inspected by the Fourier Transform infrared spectrosopy (FT-IR) Based on the results, the Starmerella bombicola CBS 6009 and the Starmerella anomalae CBS 14178 strains were studied in greater detail. They were cultured in several production media of different composition and the effect of the individual components on the ability of the sophorolipid production was monitored. Based on the results, it was evaluated that the composition of the medium has a great influence on the production ability of the strains. The highest production rate of sophorolipids was achieved in the basic production medium and so was in the medium containing molasses and Indian waste oil. The cultivation mode has great effect on the sophotolipid production rate. It has been found that when cultured in a bioreactor, the strains produced sophorolipids in a larger amount and of a different quality than in the shaker flasks.
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