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Early ontogeny of mother offspring bonding in Bovinae
Staňková, Helena ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Jůnková, Pavla (referee)
The aim of this thesis is, based on the literature, to study the origin, characters and duration of social bonds between the mother and her offspring in Bovinae. The emphasis was given on the specifics of the behaviour related to birth and ecological differences between species. The explored group covers medium and large Artiodactyla living in groups. Many of them were domesticated, and they live in specific conditions so their behaviour may differ. The strongest bond is between the mother and her offspring. This bond is essential for the young, which is completely dependent on the maternal care. Maternal behaviour may be observed few days before parturition, but the most visible sign is maternal separation from the herd to secure exclusive interaction with own offspring. Mother learns to recognize her offspring after parturition, primarily by smell, also for this reason the young is licked. Suckling provides the nutrition to the calf, but also it reinforces mutual relationship. The strength of the bond is mainly dependant on the social environment, strategy of the young, it's age and other factors. The bond between the mother and her offspring differs according to the species, in the duration and in a way of termination. This topic is nowadays only poorly understood and needs further research.
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Maternal investment and reproductive strategy in domestic horses
Komárková, Martina ; Bartošová, Jitka (advisor) ; Šumbera, Radim (referee) ; Vlček, Kamil (referee)
The aim of my doctoral thesis is the detailed study of the behavioural and sociobiological principles associated with the period of lactation. Suckling data covering almost 80 foals of domestic horse (Equus caballus) was obtained within four years of observation in the National Stud in Kladruby nad Labem, Czech Republic. The data were evaluated together with the reproductive history of the mothers, their agonistic interactions and following analysis of the dominance position of subadult foals. The first study describes longer suckling (greater maternal care) in dominant mares compared to submissive ones. Dominant mares are also less disturbed during nursing, whereas they terminated the nursing of submissive mares more often. A possible competitive advantage for the offspring of dominant mares may arise from such behaviour. The second paper enlightens the reproductive strategy of mares facing double maternal investment; suckling of the foal and pregnancy at the same time. I found out, contrary to the expectations, that the pregnant mares neither suckled their foals less nor terminated more suckling compared to non-pregnant herdmates. They may try to compensate their suckling foal with the perspective of its early weaning due to ongoing pregnancy. In the third and fourth manuscript I studied, how...
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GPS telemetry and activity measurement focused on even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla)
Peterka, Tomáš ; Bartoš, Luděk (advisor) ; Komárková, Martina (referee)
GPS telemetry is a recently expanding method for research on most animal species. It provides automatical scanning of position and related data on large distances and often on large temporal scale. The research studies has changed dramatically during the development of this method. Experiments using this technology deal with scanning of incidence, management and species conservation, activity pattern of controlled animals, estimation of behavior in various scales and so on. Activity sensors which are often included to GPS collars serve for determination of behavior of monitored species. In this thesis there are summarized basics of VHF and GPS technology. In available articles of great terrestrial mammals like even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) and marginally also bears (Ursidae) we show possible application of GPS technology for activity measurement, methods, restrictions and results of experiments. At the end we introduce experimental approach for activity measurement of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and results of the pilot study.
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Signaling between ungulates and their predators, depending on the degree of predation pressure
Vidimská, Tereza ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
The Equids are large grazers inhabiting the savannah and prairies throughout the world. They have two types of social organization, the harem or the territorial, depending on the natural environment where they live. Main predators are the large felids and canids, especially these hunting together in packs. Historically humans were also the important hunters, based on the rich archeological evidence. Fast escape is the primary antipredation strategy of equids. This strategy is supported by many morphological, anatomical and behavioral adaptations. The body construction allows them to flee immediately and to run for a long distance. Their senses are evolved extraordinary as well, primarily the olfactory and vision. The early predator detection, enhanced by the broad interspecies communication, significantly increases the chance of horses, zebras and asses for successful survival.
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Inbreeging and its influence on the fitness of animal bread in captivity
Králová, Michala ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Komárková, Martina (referee)
Habitat loss and fragmentation is now the current problem, which leads to an inevitable reduction in the effective size of populations of many species. The negative effect of reduction further enhance processes such as genetic drift and inbreeding that causes deterioration of fitness (tj.inbreeding depression). Inbreeding and related phenomena may therefore be a threat to the survival of remaining populations of endangered species. Negative effects of inbreeding on population held in captivity that are part of the various emergency programs is even more recent concern (Frankham et al. 2002, O'Grady 2006). The aim of this study was to evaluate the current literature on the effects of inbreeding on populations of fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Inbreeding affects mainly qualities associated with fitness and sexual selection traits and behavior.
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Economic Evaluation of the Product Vertical of Sugar
Komárková, Martina ; Homolka, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the economic evaluation of sugar production chain. The first part of the work includes general charasteristic of sugar beet with detailed description of its attributes and importance, its quality, realization of sugar beet together with an economy of suger beet growing. Another part of the work is orientated on sugar beet manufacturers. It contains sugar industry development in the Czech Republic and technology of sugar beet process for sugar and bioethanol production. Also results of 2014 a 2015 campaign and future vision situation after 2017 is included. The third part of the thesis deals with sugar consumers and a foreign trade of sugar. The own part of the work focuses on sugar beet cost and rentability of sugar beet growing and sugar or bioethanol production. Also an impact of selected variables on sugar consumption is analyzed.
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Usage of Marketing for Improving Competitiveness of Company
Kurowská, Monika ; Komárková, Martina (referee) ; Zich, Robert (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with proposal of activities impoving competitiveness of the company Infinit in providing wellness stays, with a specific focus on the website of the company. The theoretical part is devoted to the competition, competitiveness, marketing and methods of marketing analysis. The practical part examines the business of the company, analyses its internal and external environment and proposes appropriate measures aimed at increasing competitiveness and will use for furure development of the company.
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Outline of the development of the political system in Russia between 1917-1991
KOMÁRKOVÁ, Martina
My Bachelor's thesis describes chronological order of events, which form political system in Russia between 1917-1918. Marginally it describes a period of tsarist empire, because it is important to understanding, for what reason bolsheviks won. Relatively enough space is focused on the Great october socialistic revolution, because it affected a world history for decades. My Bachelor's thesis also describes political careers of some politicians. This thesis includes a list of books and dokumentary attachments.
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