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Entanglement and Nestor's cup
Horáček, Stanislav ; Pavúk, Peter (advisor) ; Kuna, Martin (referee)
(in English): Archeology is a science interpreting the past. In every interpretation of the past, there are some conceptual assumptions present that may be imperceptible at first sight. The aim of this primarily theoretical work is to make these assumptions more visible. The thesis is mainly based on the renowned archaeologist Ian Hodder, whose work is presented on the contrast between processual and postprocessual archeology. The greatest attention is paid to Hodder's current theory of Entanglement, which combines the work into one whole and sets its overall tone. Entanglement is a theory dealing with relationships and dependencies between people and things. Interpretation, critical evaluation and summary of related approaches is successively presented. Theory of Entanglement is set within a broader framework of archaeological theoretical discourse, which can be termed as relational archeology. The common denominators of relational archaeologies are the emphasis on relations, interest in the materiality of things and the effort to confront dualisms, such as the relationship of locality and globality. Symmetrical archeology primarily based on the work of Bruno Latour is introduced in one of the chapters. The final section in the spirit of Hodder's theory and relational archaeology deals with the...
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Possible interpretation of Minoan palaces as religious centres
Peterková, Anna ; Pavúk, Peter (advisor) ; Dubcová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to introduce the Minoan palaces as cult, religious centers as one of the possible functions, which the Minoan palaces had. Beginning of the work will present the main theories, which exist on the creation of Minoan palaces. Because the origin of palaces must be inherently connected with their function. Their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. The second part will describe palaces themselves, especially from the architectural point of view. The last, third part, will compare the common architectural elements that occur in the palaces. Based on these common elements and their functions, the palaces will be represented as religious centers of the Bronze Age in Crete.
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Possibilities and limits of gender analysis for interpretation of the so called genre scenes on the Black and Red Figured vases
Kroutilová Jamrichová, Zuzana ; Pavúk, Peter (advisor) ; Remišová Věšínová, Kamila (referee) ; Bažant, Jan (referee)
Black and red figured pottery is a captivating, while also a vast and demanding subject of research. For decades, vases were primarily studied as valuable art objects and scenes depicted on them considered as testimonies of ideas and lives of their creators and users. Many researchers focussed on interpreting the scenes captured on these vessels. When studying works by our research predecessors, it can be noted that their methods and conclusions were often influenced by the socio-cultural context in which they lived and worked. The aim of this thesis is not to create new, surprising interpretations of selected scenes or to point at erroneous interpretations of other researchers. The aim of this work is to draw attention to how contemporary society has influenced researchers and the methods they use and conclusions they draw when interpreting scenes considered for long periods as immutable, final and undisputable. While re-evaluating adopted conclusions I drew on gender studies and gender analysis which require a multidisciplinary approach to research and interpretation of vase paintings. In four subject areas I pointed out to what extent the dichotomies within which we are used to think and with which we work, i.e. dichotomies of masculine - feminine, public - private, exterior - interior, but also...
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Decorative motives of the small-scale Persian Achaemenid Art
Cejnarová, Petra ; Stančo, Ladislav (advisor) ; Pavúk, Peter (referee)
Following diploma thesis is focused on decorative motifs of Achaemenid small-scale art. Borders of the Achaemenid Empire stretched from the river Indus to Bulgaria and from Egypt to the Black sea. It was associated with dynasty of Persian kings, who ruled over the empire between 559 - 331 BC. During its existence a characteristic art with its own style and iconography was formed. The main aim of the thesis is to present iconographical analysis of decorative motives appearing in Achaemenid small-scale art. Due to the vast range of decorative motives thesis is focused only on motives of animals. The analysis is conducted on diverse spectrum of objects included in studied collection. It consists of 397 objects namely jewellery, plaques, bracteates, toreutics, coins, stamp and cylinder seals and their impressions, horse-harness strap dividers, weapons, scabbards and scabbard tips and small scale sculpture. These objects are decorated with total of 822 animal motives, which are sorted into six chapters. The introduction is followed by second chapter, in which beasts of prey are described. Here belongs lion, dog, fox, leopard and other beasts of prey without more specific interpretation. Next chapter includes motives of wild animals where ibexes, gazelles, deer and wild boars. In the following chapter...
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The Concept of the Orientalising Period in the Italian Archaeology
Lorenzová, Alžběta ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Pavúk, Peter (referee)
This thesis focuses mainly on the subject of the so-called process of orientalisation, how this process shows on selected pre-Roman archaeological sites, and how it is presented in Italian archaeology. Analysis of funeral contexts is used as a base for chronological timeline, the nature of the orientalising process as well as the degree of its uniformity. With the help of the collected data will be proposed a hypothesis regarding the character of social changes and whether it is appropriate to use the term "orientalisation" when describing these changes.
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Middle and Late Bronze Age Textile Production on the Greek Mainland and in Western Anatolia
Staničová, Jana ; Pavúk, Peter (advisor) ; Březinová, Helena (referee)
This thesis is concerned with textile production in Middle and Late Bronze Age on the Greek continent and western Anatolia. First part explains the description of methodology of approach to textile manifacture in the studied area, followed by description and properties of threads used to weave the cloths, as well as technologies used in their making. Terms related to textile are mentioned on clay tablets with linear writing B, hence the thesis engages in their interpretation and comparison between particular centres. Second part analyses tools used in textile manifacture, namely whorls and loom weights based on their shape. Then follows topographic overview of the most prominent localities of textile manifacture in which textile-making tools were found. Localities not included in the overview are mentioned in the table. The overview describes locality, number and types of whorls and loom weights and what materials are they made of. Whenever possible, the most important specification is mentioned - the weight - based on which the type of weaved textile is described. The aim of the thesis is to create overview of localities with tools used in textile making as well as their analysis and comparison. Collected data are converted into tables, graphs and maps. In the last part called discussion,...
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So Called Sacred Knot in the Minoan and Mycenaean Art
Matoušková, Monika ; Pavúk, Peter (advisor) ; Mynářová, Jana (referee)
Minoan and Mycenaean iconography uses several symbols with religious meaning. One of them is the well-known sacred knot. This sign occurs on seals and sealings as well as on frescoes and pottery, and there are also a few three-dimensional examples. This thesis discusses at first the look and the shape of the sacred knot, in order to rule out confusion with similar symbols. Next, it is followed by the study of its use on various kinds of materials. Finally, there is the question of its origin, whether it is possible that the sign could have been derived from an Egyptian or Near Eastern symbol. Based on this research, we should be able to interpret the meaning of the sacred knot, although this explanation cannot be exact as we are still missing the decipherment of the Cretan hieroglyphic and Linear A scripts. Key words: sacred knot, seals, sealings, frescoes, pottery, ivory, faience, ankh, Isis knot tiet, sign of protection sa, symbol of Inanna, Knossos, Hagia Triada, Mycenae
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Environmental changes and human land-use interactions in ancient Thrace during the Iron Age: The impact of Greek colonization
Parvoničová, Lenka ; Pavúk, Peter (advisor) ; Bouzek, Jan (referee)
The present thesis deals with the interrelationship between environmental changes and the Thracian society whose development took place in the surrounding environment undergoing fundamental transformation during the first millennium BC. The more significant impact of increasing human activities on the landscape, namely cultivation of plants and pastoralism, both connected with extensive deforestation, associated with the higher social and economic pressure can be detected since the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. In the following phase of agriculture development, since the seventh century BC when the first Greek colonies were founded in the Northern Aegean, Thrace became an important part of the Eastern Mediterranean macro-region. Vegetation cover and its changes influenced by local land-use and livelihoods is studied on the basis of identification and interpretation of anthropological indicators, contained in the plant macroremains and pollen assemblages. Geographically, the palaeoecological and archaeobotanical studies included in this thesis are focused on inland Ancient Thrace, i.e. the territory of the modern Bulgaria. For better understanding of vegetation history, settlement pattern and subsistence strategies, the archaeobotanical records of cultivated and ruderal plants or weeds...
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Metallurgy along the East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface in the Second Millennium B.C.
Roháček, Miloš ; Pavúk, Peter (advisor) ; Bouzek, Jan (referee)
(in English): This thesis aims at collecting, cataloguing and analysing bronze objects from the area of the East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface in the second millennium B.C. Based on closer typological assessment and comparanda, the question of eventual local specific production along the Interface, different from the Aegea or Eastern Mediterranean, is being investigated here. From up to 217 collected items, indeed many types of bronzes, especially swords, razors and spearheads indeed show a set of specific features. Also, the characteristic of bronze metals differs in Lower Interface with stronger minoan-mycenaen influnce from items in Upper Interface which seems to be following more anatolian features.
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Transformation of urban settlements in Syria and Palestine in Hellenistic period
Havlík, Jakub ; Stančo, Ladislav (advisor) ; Pavúk, Peter (referee)
The aim of my thesis is to describe the urban space in Syria and Palestine and how it was transformed during the early Hellenistic period. The time frame is set by the reign of Alexander the Great, who marched into the area in 333 BCE, and by the unification of the whole territory under the rule of Seleucids in the time of Antiochus III. in 200 BCE. Firstly I will examine the geography of the area, its specifics and impact to the settlement. Following this is an historical overview in which I discuss the progress of the area and the Hellenistic colonization in this period. In the second half of my thesis I study the archaeological situation. I go on to define the settlement in Syria and Palestine in the end of the Persian period, with particular reference to regional differences. Next I observe aspects of the transformations of the urban settlement that began at the turn of the third and fourth century BCE. This was when the territory was divided between Seleucids in the North and Ptolemies in the South. I also define the urban space of the Hellenistic period in Syria and Palestine and its specifics. In particular I focus on the differences between the North and the South of the observed territory.
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