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Individual acoustic monitoring of songbirds - case study on the tree pipit
Pišvejcová, Iveta ; Petrusková, Tereza (advisor) ; Linhart, Pavel (referee)
In field behavioural and ecological studies, it is often necessary to identify specific individuals. In birds, colour rings are often used as individual marks. However, rings might be difficult to observe, especially in small species and dense habitats. Thus recently, individual acoustic monitoring is becoming more commonly used to study of birds. This method is based on the recognition of individuals and often on the difference between temporal and spectral parameters of their vocalizations. However, in passerine species with more complex song these acoustic characteristics may not be reliable. In my thesis I used an alternative approach for the individual acoustic monitoring, based on differences in syllable repertoires of individual Tree Pipit males (Anthus trivialis). So far I have not found any study that would use a similar approach with other migratory passerine species with more complex song. The main aim of my study was to test the possibility of using syllable repertoires for recognition of specific individuals and to determine if this method is more efficient than identification by colour banding. From four years of research on the Tree Pipits population in the selected location in Brdy I received acoustic data from 59 males that I subsequently analyzed in a bioacoustic program. The...
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Role of evolutional mechanisms in designing of acoustic signals
Rulfová, Alena ; Policht, Richard (advisor) ; Linhart, Pavel (referee)
Acoustic communication is a wide-spread phenomen in all animal taxones. The theme of evolutional mechanisms and their functioning in acoustic communication has become more and more frequently studied during last years, and geographic variation in acoustic signals has been reported in various taxa such as insect, birds, anurans and mammals. However, some evolutional mechanism still remain poorly understood. The mechanisms comprise mainly stochastics forces such as genetic drift and bottleneck or cultural drift. Genetic drift causes stochastic changes in acoustic signals, whereas bottleneck probably primarily spawns reduction of acoustic variability. Some acoustic parameters are shaped by habitat and others by species' phylogeny. Physical environment and other ecological factors play important role in shaping vocalizations in most species, and thus distantly related populations occupying similar habitats may possess very simmilar vocalization. Because of that, revealing phylogenetic pattern is possible only by careful cladistic analysis of vocal characters in taxa that have simple songs or calls that are not learned, and whose habitat distributions are well understood. By finding the proper acoustic parameters we can also e.g. map connection between acoustic divergence and glaciations, history of colonisation...
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Once bitten twice shy: longterm behavioural changes caused by trapping experience in willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus
LINHART, Pavel
In this study, we provide an evidence that willow warblers captured into mist nets by using conspecific male playback avoided the playback and the mist net on future capture attempt. Whether the subsequent capture attempt was carried out within a same breeding season or in a following breeding season, the results were very similar suggesting that the situation is very strongly memorized by willow warblers. Such a behavioural changes leading to "trap shyness" could potentially affect population dynamics estimates and behavioural data based on playback captures or playback provocation in willow warblers but very likely in many other species as well.
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Songbased rival assessment in songbirds
LINHART, Pavel
This study shows the importance of the basic spectro-temporal song parameters in territorial contests between male songbirds. Chiffchaff and willow warbler were selected as model species for their phylogenetic and ecological similarity, strong territorial behaviour, but very different singing styles. We found that bigger males of both species sing lower pitched songs and that males of both species adjust their behaviour according to song pitch of their rival simulated by playback. Thus, it seems that both species use song pitch to acoustically assess the body size of their rivals. We also show that song length and syllable rate are important features of the song, probably signalling short-term motivation to escalate territorial conflict.
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Business models of MMORPG
Linhart, Pavel ; Donát, Jiří (advisor) ; Skoupý, Radek (referee)
This thesis studies massive multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) and their business models. Purpose of this work is to analyze current MMORPG market and business models which are currently used. The main goal and asset of this thesis is concept of new business and payment models that could be used in MMORPGs in order to increase number of customers and to raise profits. Part of the concept is the analysis of possibilities of player's history to create a profile suitable for personalized advertising. The last goal is analysis of ways that developers of MMORPGs use to motivate players to to play long-term, so they use the service and generate profit.
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Interspecific aggression in meadow pipit (\kur{Anthus pratensis}) and whinchat (\kur{Saxicola rubetra})
LINHART, Pavel
Interspecific aggression of meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis) towards treepipit (A. trivialis), whinchat (Saxicola rubetra) and skylark (Alauda arvensis) and interspecific aggression of whinchat towards meadow pipit was tested in playback experiments at the beginning of breeding cycle (both species) and during the brood feeding period (whinchat only). Neither meadow pipits nor whinchats responded aggressively to the playback of the heterospecific songs. Whinchats, however, chased or attacked meadow pipits that approached it in response to the meadow pipit songs in the brood feeding period. I suggest that the aggressive behaviour in whinchat is triggered rather by visual than acoustic cues. Another series of playback experiments with meadow pipits was carried out to investigate the effect of the sensitisation caused by previous playback of the conspecific song on performance during the playback of the tree pipit song 30 minutes later. No clear effect was discovered, but some of meadow pipits reacted in a way more characteristic for the intraspecific experiments.
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Overview and comparison of advantageousness of database objects for storing in ORACLE database system
Linhart, Pavel ; Macák, Petr (advisor) ; Buus, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis studies types of tables in ORACLE database system. Main goal of this work is to explain rules and logic of these types, to try their creation and usage and to compare ORACLE company recommendations with the results of these tests. The work is divided into two main parts. The first part tries to explain the possibilities of types of tables in ORACLE database, their advantages and disadvantages, and roughly explain indexes in database, that hang with tables together, to a user who never created any other type of table than standard one. The second part is practical testing of creating those described types of tables, filling them with testing data and comparing results achieved by standard heap organized table with results achieved by other specific type of table.
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