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Homosexuality in the view of culturology
Ježková, Jitka ; Opletalová, Lenka (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
The subject matter of this degree paper is homosexuality as a biologically given sexual orientation and, at the same time, as a cultural phenomenon. An attempt to treat it from a culturological point of view issues from its duality; the duality we can observe also in the case of sexuality itself. The culturological perspective allows for interdisciplinary understanding of the problem with the help of psychology, sociology and cultural anthropology, taking account of the historical development of attitudes to homosexuality and current trends like the cultural and queer studies. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the psychological development of an individual and peculiarities of such development if the individual is homoerotically oriented. The section named "Homosexuality in the Cultural Context" summarizes the situation of homosexually oriented and homosexually behaving people in the history of Europe and North America. Special chapters describe the state acknowledged forms of bonds of marriage of the people having the same sex in the world and in the Czech Republic. The paper is further aimed at the institute of family, its transformations in the course of times and at the current trend being directed at its new forms. One of such forms is homoparentality, too. The subject of the last section is...
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The belly dancing as a multicultural phenomenon
Ebelová, Patricie ; Opletalová, Lenka (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
This thesis deals with belly dancing as a multicultural phenomenon. The autor chose this subject for different reasons. Firstly, the very nature of belly dancing asks for which falos for multidisciplinarity, which is the main idea of cultural antropology. Secondly, she practices belly dancing herself. This fact helps her understand belly dancing more properly even on the theoretical level. Moreover, the author could study this phenomenon because she attends courses and has become a part of the newly emerged Czech belly dancing subculture. The third and last reason why she picks up this phenomenon was a fact that she had studied at an artistic secondary school. Thats why she does not only study the subject from the perspective of humanities (studied at FFUK) but she also tries to apply the artistic point of view. Thus the dance is not viwed only as an artwork, but strong inspiration for artists as well.
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Cultural ecology, cultural materialism, and Marxism
Szeryński, Tadeusz ; Soukup, Martin (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
In my thesis, I attempt to outline the relation of the work of three prominent representatives of the 20th century American anthropology to Kari Marx's teachings. The text consists of four relatively independent parts joined by the subject of the application of materialist principles in the analysis of man and culture. In the first part, I advance my interpretation of the picture of man and nature in Kari Marx's writings. Besides Marx's approach to an individual and his activity, I also pay attention to his conception of the stmcture and development of human activity on the social level, where this practice acquires the complexion of socioeconomic formations, the succession of which constitutes human history unfolding in accordance with dialecticallaws. In the second part, I examine Marx' s inf1uence on the concept of man and culture in the writtings by Leslie Alvin White. Not only is it possible to identify the inspiration by Marx' s theories in White' s approach to the stmcture and development of a cultural system, but it is also obvious in his understanding of the relation of man to culture, and in certain passages on politi cal economy. The third part deals with Marvin Harris' s cultural materialism. I hope to show here the way that Harris employed certain fragments of Marx's method of historical...
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The work of Gregory Bateson in the context of contemporary culturology
Kučera, Marek ; Soukup, Martin (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
The thesis is an attempt to relate the work of Gregory Bateson to the concept of culturology as it is being developed at the Department of Cultural Studies at the Faculty of Philosophy and Arts at Charles University in Prague. It consists of three relatively independent parts each of them dealing with particular science with which Bateson was concerned - anthropology, psychology and ecology. In the first part, notions of function, cultural structure, ethos, eidos and schismogenesis are discussed. It is asserted that Bateson's anthropological work represents integration of British functionalism and American configurationism and that the concept of cultural structure anticipates French structuralism. The second part is concerned with Bateson's concepts developed during the forties and fifties which related mostly to psychological topics, especially his best known double bind theory. It also treats Russell's type theory that plays a central role in most of Bateson's works. And finally, the ecological part deals with Bateson's epistemology and evolutionary theory. In addition to his major epistemological notions - "a difference which makes a difference" and the fundamental distinction of Pleroma versus Creatura, which he borrowed from famous Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung - his picture of new...
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Educational systems from the perspective of theory of culture
Pardeková, Helena ; Soukup, Václav (referee) ; Opletalová, Lenka (advisor)
Cílem předložené práce bylo zpracování tématu výchovy a vzdělávání z kulturo logického hlediska. Tento přístup je autorkou považován za přínosný hned z několika důvodů. Umožňuje spojení poznatků různých vědních disciplin, jejichž výsledky se do souvislostí dostávají v běžné i odborné literatuře spíše výjimečně, a tím otevírá další možnosti řešení specifických problémů a bádání v dané oblasti. Dalším přínosem je začlenění tématu do lidského způsobu života, jeho vnímání jako základní charakteristiky lidstva, jednotlivých společností i jednotlivce. Zkoumáním dopadů edukace na všech těchto třech úrovních lze dospět k funkčním řešením problémů formalizovaného i individuálního předávání lidských poznatků. Vzhledem ke komplexnosti tématu jsem se soustředila na ty základní složky edukačních procesů, které mi pro přehled dané problematiky připadaly nejdůležitější. Důvodem podrobnějšího rozpracování konkrétního systému vzdělávání v ČR, bylo seznámení se s přesnou formulací mechanismů zajištění přenosu znalostí, norem chování, zvyků na ty členy společnosti, u kterých přirozená složka tohoto procesu, tedy rodina, chybí. Specifické sociokulturní regulativy v podobě právních předpisů, existence vládních, krajských i nestátních orgánů, charakter jejich činnosti i vzájemné spolupráce ukazují na míru kulturní vyspělosti...
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Cultural change in High Himalaya. The transformation of Sherpa and Thakali culture from the traditional to the modern context
Thoma, Michal ; Rychlík, Jan (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
This diploma work is concerned with the cultural change in the societies of Sherpas and Thakalis of High Himalaya. Focus is on the crucial period - turn of fifties and sixties of the last century - when the Tibetan frontier was closed for the traditional long-distance trade. This trade was crucial for the living of the studied societies. This work at first brings brief geographical and historical overview of the situation in Himalaya and in general terms describes the transhimalayan trade system. The processes of building ethnic identities in Nepal Himalaya are explained thoroughly to facilitate understanding of various relations of the studied communities. In two chapters concerned with Sherpas and Thakalis the work deals with the traditional way of living of the studied societies, especially focusing on their adaptation to the harsh highland climate. Further it explains swift changes to which both ethnics was exposed and concentrates on the adaptive strategies and mechanisms employed to succeed in the new context. In the conclusion the work brings evaluation and comparison of the adaptive strategies of the studied groups.
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Advertisement and gender in culturological perspective
Šilhánová, Julie ; Opletalová, Lenka (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
The subject of the dissertation thesis is the advertisement and gender and social inequality among men and women as a phenomenon of the consumer society. Special attention is paid to the definition of the gender roots, historic introduction to the gender, creating of stereotypes and biologic and cultural determinisms. Thesis is referring to gender not only as an expression for feminism but also as a phenomenon with anthropological background from perspective of advertisement and consumer influence. The work is comprised of three separate parts. In the first part that represents the theoretic exposition of the whole work I define the basic terms that create conceptual scope of the elaborated theme. Attention is mainly paid to the historic background behind the start of the advertisement, beginning of the mass media, their typologies and characteristics. In the second part, the attention is turned to the issue concerning the gender in the advertisement from the culturological perspective and in the third part towards the empiric knowledge of this issue as an important means allowing the reflection of two different genders. The work puts a special emphasis on understanding of differences between genders presented in current media. For practical reasons, the content analysis was reduced to the pilot study of...
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Mythology of the indian Winnebago tribe. "Wakdjunkaga" - trickster and his prankishness
Eliášová, Helena ; Soukup, Martin (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
I wrote this graduation thesis on this theme from my own interna! conviction. I suppose that the journcy oť liťe is sometimes very similar to the symbology of the Trickster' s destiny as depicted by the indian of the Winnebago tribe. That is the reasonl wrote this thesi s by hcart oť the anthropologist. The life is leasing by the effort to find the sense oť liťe that oťten runs away. Sometimes it is the seeking for the icons that we long for identity, anothcr time the dreaming and surrnounting the barriers that we design. The absurdity oť tbc liťc is not only something that came by the arriving of the modem and postmodcrn period. The myths of Trickster can show us how old and ancient is the absurdity of beying. When I was reading the myth of Trickster for the first time, I intensively perceived the Trickster' s stories pervaded mutually by the comicality, tragicality and absurdity as timeless. I started be more interested in this mythical figure and I explored how richly is this figure represented in the anthropological studies, as well as the bearer and narrator of this myth, the Winnebago tribe, offers the originality and peculiarity in its culturc. The first part of this thesis shows how the Trickster started to be the object of many researches in the anthropological and religious. The Trickster appeared...
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Visual and narrative aspects of culture and their role in forming of cultural identity
Nechvátalová, Zina ; Soukup, Václav (referee) ; Matějů, Martin (advisor)
In my Thesis I discuss practices of representation through which meanings are produced and through which we can make sense of our experience with outer world and of who we are. According to the Hall's theory of The Circuit of Culture, I state that an individual adjusts to reality by the use of language and the symbolic system of representation. Furthermore I argue that symbolic systems create the possibilities of what we can become. Representation as a cultural process establishes individual and collective identities. Therefore I tried to ask fundamental questions about how individuals fit into the community and the social world; and how identity can be seen as the interface between subjective positions and social/cultural situations. As a leamt (through the process of enculturation) concept, identity gives us an idea of who we are and how we relate to others and to the world in which we live.
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The Maya Indian as a Tourist Construction
Součková, Kristina ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Halbich, Marek (referee)
The anthropology of tourism is a dynamically developing sub-discipline of anthropology dealing with man as the main actor of the tourist industry. In my thesis, I attempt to show that tourism is a two-sided phenomenon - just as the human desire to travel is the main reason for the existence of the tourist industry, then tourism also affects the thinking of man. In particular, I deal with the notions that tourists have of Mayan Indians, and how these notions are indirectly and directly formed.
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