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Changes of the diffusion parameters of brain tissue caused by pathologic processes - the use of diffusion tensor imaging
Zolal, Amír ; Sameš, Martin (advisor) ; Hájek, Milan (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (referee)
The thesis contains a summary of research of the changes of diffusion parameters of the white matter performed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Because of the diversity of topics discussed, the text is logically divided into chapters. In the first part, the thesis contains two studies concerning the measurement of the regional changes of the diffusion parameters. The second part is dedicated to the use of the method as an instrument to explore the topographic relationships of the pyramidal tract (and other large descending tracts contained within the same space - corticopontine, corticonuclear tracts etc.). Concerning the regional changes of diffusion, the manuscript discusses two problems. One is represented by the distant changes of the pyramidal tract in the brainstem caused by a tumor adjacent to the tract in its supratentorial course, where a significant decrease of the fractional anisotropy (FA) and the increase of the tensor trace value, corresponding to mean diffusivity (MD). The second discussed problem are the artificial changes in the diffusion parameters measured after gadolinium contrast administration, that were showed to be significant even in areas outside of the postcontrast enhancement areas. The second part of the thesis most importantly confirms the accuracy of the depiction of the...
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The significance of the S100B protein in patients with an injury to the central nervous system
Lavička, Pavel ; Choc, Milan (advisor) ; Náhlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Novák, Zdeněk (referee) ; Sameš, Martin (referee)
Inroduction: The S100B protein is a small dimeric protein which belongs to a group of calcium binding proteins. It is found in astroglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The S100B protein is detected, at very low concentrations, in fat tissue, muscle and bone marrow. We can measure this marker in the cerebrospinal fluid, in serum and in urine. The commercially available assay measures the sum of two different dimers (the S100A1B and S100BB) which collectively are called the S100B protein.The level of this marker increases significantly in patiens with CNS damage. Studies of patients with isolated head trauma have demostrated a correlation between serum marker level, neurological findings and outcome. In patients with polytrauma there is a problem to evaluating the initial S100B protein level with regards to CNS damage, because the S100B protein level can be affected by extracerebral sources of the S100B protein. Aim of study: The aim of our study was to evaluate the significance of the S100B protein in patiens with either isolated head trauma or polytrauma and to evaluate the significance of the initial level and the significance of dynamic monitoring of the S100B protein levels. The importace of these levels for predicting primary CNS damage, and for making a prognosis of such patiens...
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