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The influence of geology to the diversity of molluscan assemblages
Krajinčáková, Lucie Linda ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Myšák, Jan (referee)
Molluscan populations are influenced by various factors of environment where they occur. In my work I am taking particular atention of soil properties, which are directly influenced by the geological substrate, and of course other factors which are with soil properties either directly or indirectly related. The important benchmarks are especially moisture, pH, calcium content and vegetation cover. This bachelor thesis also deals with utilization of calcium salts. Geological substrate is closely linked with the diversity and abundance of molluscan populations. Various pedochemical factors affect molluscan communities whether it is the amount of calcium in the soil or a pH value. In the past different authors found different dependencies between environmental factors, species composition and diversity of molluscan communities. Most of the studies were focused on very specific habitats and locations. In this thesis I tried to organize our knowledge about the specific effects of various environmental factors, especialy compositíon of geological substrate on malakofauna. Key words: Mollusca, Gastropoda, Geological substrate, diversity
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Diversity of molluscan assemblages of temperate forests: model case of Křivoklátsko
Sobotová, Eliška ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Jana (referee)
1 Abstract: My bachelor thesis summarizes the impact of environmental factors and microhabitats on temperate forest snail assemblages: mainly on their diversity and abundance. Most authors consider humidity, calcium content and forest condition the main factors, which influence forest gastropod assemblages. However, othes have a different view on the importance of another factors such as composition of the forest vegetation, pH, the role of different sources of calcium carbonate. Some studies contradict themselves. My aim was also to point out these differences. Many of environmental factors are measurable with difficulties. Using of Ellenberg's indicator values seems to be an interesting alternative possibility to classical measurement. The importance of Křivoklátsko PLA is highlight as the landscape of continual forest development, which is unique within Central Europe.
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Palaeoecological aspects of Rhynchostreon Bayle oyster evolution
Rantuch, Jakub ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Juřičková, Lucie (referee)
This paper presents a multilevel analysis of palaeoecological aspects of the process of the Rhynchostreon genera evolution. According to the latest results of research, the process of genus appears to be more dynamic than previously assumed.The processes of internal dynamics of the environment in conjuncture with other studied aspects of the late cretaceous environment (e.g. paleotemperature, salinity, etc.) were a significant factor that initiated the activity of selective pressure and represents an important factor in group evolution. In this work we provide the overall hypothesis about co-evolution of two intrageneric (sisters) lineages in Rhynchostreon genera. The definiton of evolutionary trends of intrageneric lineages within the presented hypothesis (including a new description of oyster species) is supported by various analytical methods, which anchors them in the current zoological nomenclature system. An electron microscopy, isotopes and biometrical analysis of a shell in cooperation with some of the sedimentologic methods suggest a relation of lithology (as a result of environmental aspect) and evolution process. The transregional concept of proposed ecological-evolutionary models, based on materials studies from various paleogeographic regions of cretaceous world, increases the...
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On the Nothernmost and Southernmost Limits of European Land Snail Spatial Ranges
Křepelová, Lucie ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Horsák, Michal (referee)
The aim of this work was to evaluate the limits of ranges of European land snail species along the north-south gradient. To work out the document it was necessary to prepare the set of digitalized maps, that enabled to create the database of ranges of the individual land snails species. Based on obtained data I tried to identify places where the northern and southern borders of species ranges are the most frequent. The landsnails' ranges are affected not only by particular life requirements of the individual species (potential limits), but also by other conditions, especially climatic, geographical and historical (truncated limits). In this work I focused on their differentiation. Above mentioned process also enabled me to track the north- south changes in species richness of the landsnails taking into consideration the truncated and potential limits. The most important natural barriers constraining that numerous of species cannot naturally widespread from the south to the north are the Scandinavian Mountains, the Alpes and the Carpathians and suprisingly also southern borders of german and polish lowlands. On the other hand, spreading of the species form the north to the south is limited only by the Alpes. I also tried to distinguish the group of species whose ranges are not influenced by these...
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Influence of environment on morphological and stuctural characteristics of European snails
Holubová, Anna ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Horsáková, Veronika (referee)
In this thesis, I explored the relationships among morphological characteristics of European land snail's' shells, their environment and life strategies. I assembled a database of morphological traits, characteristics of the environment and life strategies of land snails from literary sources. This file was merged with unique dataset from field sampling along a latitudinal gradient through Europe and the morphological characteristics of each species were averaged on real populations from particular sites. This package was analyzed by multivariate linear regression (GLM). In this work I demonstrate that the color pattern is affected by latitude and occurs mainly in gastropods with wider shell. Wide shell also appears mainly in snails with a smooth shell surface and shallower suture. Snails at lower altitudes mostly have calcified shell lips. A snail species with teeth in the mouth of shell, with ribs on the shell surface, and larger relative height of the shell, live in areas with higher calcium content in the leaf litter. Deep sutures on the shell are more frequent in shells from sites with higher rainfall seasonality. Especially in areas with higher rainfall seasonality we can find less gastropods with periostracal structures on the shell, however, their occurrence increase in areas with canopy...
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The Finds of Mollusc Shells From the Lumbe Garden in Light of the Conchological Analysis
Oravec, Jan ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Juřičková, Lucie (referee)
The submitted thesis focuses on the analysis of conchological finds from archaeological layers in the Lumbe Garden situated on the north forecourt of Prague Castle (Prague, Czech Republic). The collection of the conchological finds was discovered during archaeological research realized in the years 2018 and 2019. The first part of this text describes the historical development and the effect of the usage of conchological methods in archaeology, taking into account the results of some other research. The following description of the garden area formation helps to understand the fundamental features of this area, where the geological subsoil allowed the conservation of this large collection of malacological finds. The core of this study is the analysis of conchological material. Together with the description of used methods, all detected taxa of molluscs are identified and described. Four species of common freshwater and terrestrial gastropods, four taxa of routine freshwater bivalves and two genera of marine molluscs were identified. Further, their presence in archaeological layers is explained and discussed, with support of other conchological analysis. The limited number of the detected mollusc species contributed to the knowledge about the area under investigation where natural conditions...
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Western Carpathians as diversity hotspot during the Quaternary climatic cycle
Kubíková, Kateřina ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Horáček, Ivan (referee)
In the context of the entire Europe, the Western Carpathians is a unique area of priceless biological significance. Topological complexity, together with significant climatic and edaphic variability, is reflected in the high habitat heterogeneity and has enabled the survival of a large number of species in this area during the Quaternary climatic cycle. The Western Carpathians thus represents one of the most important glacial as well as interglacial refugium in Europe. The result of these environmental variables and the unique history of this region is an enormous species diversity, a high degree of endemism and the occurrence of many glacial relics. This bachelor's thesis contains a review of mainly zoological studies dealing with high biodiversity and degree of endemism in the Western Carpathians and its possible causes. The role of the Western Carpathians as an important Pleistocene refugium, its influence on other parts of Europe and the postglacial development of the area are discussed in individual chapters.
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Holocene development of European open landscape based on mollusc succession.
Nádvorníková, Lenka ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Rozkošná Knitlová, Markéta (referee)
Steppe was the most significant biome of glacial periods, but after deglaciation, very hostile condition to maintain the steppe came up. As the youngest interglacial, Holocene is the first epoch in which human influence on nature can be observed. This is evidenced by mollusc successions from previous interglacials, in which climatic optimum provide records of fully developed forest communities, in the same site, where mosaic of open habitats and forests occur in Holocene successions. It can therefore be assumed that the Holocene development of the landscape has been affected by man, which enabled continual occurence of open habitats. Key words: steppe, molluscs, Holocene, Europe, fossils
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Short-term successions of mollusc assemblages of natural and anthropogenic habitats
Berková, Kateřina ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Drvotová, Magda (referee)
This work compares the succession of mollusc communities of natural and anthropic habitats. It summarizes how mollusc assemblages of natural habitats change over time, if they are stable over time, and to what extent the natural succession of mollusc communities are affected by man. Mollusc communities of different habitats are subject of constant change. The mollusc succession of natural habitats was usually studied in deciduous forests. It leads to species-rich assemblages that do not change much in the short time-scale. The succession has also been studied at anthropic habitats such as quarries, urban habitats and castle ruins, where some species characteristic of particular habitat types or successive stages were identified. Key words: molluscs, succession, climax, disturbance, malacofauna
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