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NATO states' operations against violent non-state actors in Somalia, Afghanistan and Mali
Müller, Vojtěch ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze selected military operations of NATO states in Somalia, Afghanistan and Mali against violent non-state actors, who led anti-government insurgence in these states. On the basis of analysis of individual interventions will be rendered their comparison and by its result, I will try to capture the development of military strategies, which were used by the states within counter-insurgence operations. Because the start of interventions in Somalia and Mali is divided by more than 20 years, it is possible to capture prospective development. Furthermore, due to analyzing individual military interventions, I will be able to identify reasons for their success or eventual failure.
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"The 'new right' The English Defence League and PEGIDA"
Radloff, Paul Christian ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This thesis is aimed at analysing key similarities and differences of the Englsih Defence League and the German-born social movement PEGIDA. Whereas both movements have a common goal, to stop the perceived Islamisation of their respective countries, and Europe as a whole, the means and methods vary greatly. Moreover, it is argued that the followership of said organisations differ in age, social background and motivation. Both organisations are able to exert a certain amount of influence on their supporters, the rest of the society, as well as policy- makers and the political elite. Both organisations have influenced the societal and political climate of their respective countries of origin and also in the countries in the European neighbourhood with links to individuals and organisations in North America.
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The Policy Paradox of the Intelligence Community Setup and its Democratic Oversight: The Case of the Czech Republic between 1993 and 2013
Ryza, Tomáš ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Intelligence services are vital security systém elements of each democratic state. Access to the important intels without any lags is basic for state to survive. No state, nor the democratic nor the totalitarian can survive withou intelligence. On the other hand, strong based and rooted oversight is nature in democratic states. Basic purpose of this work is in examination of the situation in the Czech republic, where intelligence systém reform should be prepared as soon as possible. Especially in the light of missuse of the military intelligence by prime minister's mistress in 2013. In advance, the limits of current oversight methods and systém should be find. Deborah Stone's, proffesor of Dartmouth university, in the Czech republic rare theory called Policy Paradox is used as main for this work. It was choosen because it brings new view on the current intelligence system setup and its oversight. This analytical model see creation of public policy as continuous clash of personal and public interests. In advanced it is in opposition to the traditional view of policy from the market perspective and it provide new view as ancient polis where you have to beer the public interest on your mind. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Insurgent Governance Systems: The Effectiveness of the Taliban and the Islamic State
Kent, Joshua ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The master's thesis Insurgent Governance Systems: The Effectiveness of the Talban and the Islamic State is a qualitative comparative analysis of Islamic Jihadist rebel governance systems in the cases of the Islamic State and the Taliban. Using Mampilly's framework for effective rebel governance systems, I analyze the various factors, stemming from 'below', 'within', and 'above' that negatively and positively affect an insurgent government, its leadership, and the civilians that dynamically interact with the rebels. This thesis' aim is three part. First, it aims to show that variations between conventional rebel governments and Islamic Jihadist governance systems do exist. Second, that variation also exists between different Islamic Jihadist rebel governments, and that the challenges and opportunities presented by civilians and international actors are dealt with differently. Third, that the effectiveness of these rebel organizations is dependent on the factors presented by Mampilly, yet is not static as effectiveness of a rebel governance system changes throughout a conflict. This thesis found that significant variation, as well as some similarities, exists between conventional and Islamic Jihadist organizations; through analyzing the two cases presented, we can see variation does exist between the...
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NATO-Russia Relationship after the Annexing of Crimea from Nuclear Weapons Perspective
Flajšhans, Ludvík ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The aim of this work is to determine the influence of nuclear weapons possession in 1) Russia's foreign policy in the Ukraine crisis, 2) relations between NATO and Russia. For this purpose the work monitors the development of NATO - Russia relations from the Budapest memorandum until present. The work also creates typology of russian signalling activities based on the theoretical basis of the nuclear deterrence conceptions and especially on the models of crisis signalling, which is closely linked to these conceptions. After monitoring these activities the work concludes that Russia is indeed using threats of nuclear weapons employment in the framework of it's attitude towards Ukraine crisis and also the intensity of signalling shows similar development as the relations with NATO.
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Hybrid Warfare, Wars, and Threats: A Conceptual Analysis
Bahenský, Vojtěch ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This thesis strives to raise and answer three questions about the concept of hybrid warfare: What concepts of hybrid warfare exist so far? How similar or different are they? How useful are they from conceptual standpoint? The questions are answered by a conceptual analysis consisting of survey of existing concepts, their comparison and detailed evaluation of two of them on the basis of criteria of conceptualization. The answers revealed several important issues of the concept. Firstly, there are too many different concepts of hybrid warfare, often formulated with insufficient care for previous debates and already established concepts. Secondly, the formulated concepts of hybrid warfare are often different to a degree, which calls into question the claim, that all of them are trying to capture the same phenomenon. Lastly, even the better elaborated of the hybrid warfare concepts seem to be rather poorly conceptualized and not very useful. These three answers together cast shadow of doubt on the currently popular concept of hybrid warfare. The results of this work call for more careful thinking on whether and how the use of this concept is helping or hurting both our understanding of contemporary conflicts and our defence efforts against contemporary threats.
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Armed Forces and Identity: A Constructivist Analysis of the Role of the Czech Airforce Figters
Chromý, Marek ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Rychnovská, Dagmar (referee)
The study examines the arguments raised for or against possessing supersonic aircrafts of the Army of the Czech Republic. The aim is to identify the arguments primarily during deciding on the acquisition of new aircrafts, because the old ones were retired in 2005. In the first part, the author analyzes various approaches to purchasing and possessing weapons systems (nuclear weapons, supersonic aircrafts and tanks) and defines three approaches, which he expects in discourse and which he will examine. The main part of the study deals with analysis of the arguments for and against the acquisition of supersonic aircrafts through discourse analysis. As a frame of reference author establishes the deputies and senators of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, the professional public and official documents of the Ministry of Defense and Army of the Czech Republic. By analyzing the discourse the author concludes that the official documents of the Army of the Czech Republic looks at supersonic aircrafts as a means of national defense strictly, professional public also looks at supersonic aircrafts this way in most of times. MPs and senators argue for acquiring supersonic aircrafts not only by defense purposes, they argue that supersonic aircrafts is mandatory purchase, because loss of the supersonic...
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The alternative explanations of military rise of China
Kilík, Milan ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
The question of China's military rise will be the security issue of the 21st century. Chinese economy has been growing since open door policies were introduced and its implications is the military expansion of China's military, which is gaining strength. Thanks to its weapon acquisition process, China's power gap has been shrinking in comparison to other, developed countries. China's regional military dominance is beginning to be publicly accepted and American strategists are trying to figure out how to keep China respect its international obligations. Despite all disputes, whether historical or current, China assures the other members of the international environment, that her rise, whether economic or military, is a peaceful rise. However, its acquisition process, whether it is led from domestic or foreign sources, causes concerns not only within the region but also from a global perspective. This thesis approaches the Chinese military rise from an alternative perspective. In Sagan design, the thesis tries to explain China's military rise by three modules applied to various doctrinal periods of the People's Republic of China. Three modules explain China's acquisition process from three perspectives - security, domestic political and normative terms. The work assumes that can Sagan's concept,...
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Why do States build Nuclear Weapons? Application of Sagan's Theoretical Models on the Case of Israel
Čermáková, Kamila ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This rigorous thesis deals with the historical development of the Israeli nuclear program and examines motives which led either to the decision to acquire nuclear weapons or to further develop Israeli nuclear arsenal. Indentified motives are compared with the theory by Scott Sagan who proposed three 'models in search of the bomb'. Security Model sees the effect of nuclear weapons on state security as the motivation, the Domestic Politics Model considers nuclear weapons to be a tool for gaining political profit and the Norms Model emphasizes their symbolic value. My proposition is that other than abovementioned motives, or more motives from different models might be found. Such a result would pose a challenge to Sagan's theory, and could be used a basis for further research. To define independent variables, which are the motives in my case, the method of process tracing is used. I identify critical moments which led to changes in the direction of the program, and define motives on their basis. In the thesis, I further deal with the policy of strategic ambiguity, which consists in complete non-acknowledgement of Israel's nuclear status and enabled Israel to reduce negative effects of the region's nuclearization.
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Shaped by the Mission: Influence of the Combat Deployment in Afghanistan on the Transformation of the Czech Armed Forces
Greplová, Kristýna ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
GREPLOVÁ, Kristýna. Formována misí: Vliv zahraniční operace v Afghánistánu na transformaci české armády. Praha, 2014. 66 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut politologických studií. Katedra mezinárodních vztahů. Vedoucí diplomové práce Mgr. et Mgr. Jan Ludvík. Shaped by the Mission: Influence of the Combat Deployment in Afghanistan on the Transformation of the Czech Armed Forces Abstract The thesis is dedicated to the operations of Czech Army in Afghanistan during 2002-2012 and it studies the influence that the deployment has had on the ongoing transformation of Czech Armed forces. The work builds upon a theoretical frame of postmodern paradigm studying various trends that accompany a shift from modern to postmodern militaries. Part of the study is dedicated to acquiring empirical knowledge about the changes that deployment to Afghanistan has brought to Czech army. Later the theoretical predictions are confronted with the real development of Czech armed forces and it is argued that the impact deployment to Afghanistan had on Czech armed forces has brought the army closer to the concept of postmodern military.
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