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Commercialization in Microfinance
Švenka, David ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Kracík, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is focused on commercialization in microfinance. Particularly on one of its possible negative impacts - the mission drift. Microfinance could be described as a useful financial tool that makes it possible to provide banking services, usually small loans and deposits, to rural poor people who live in places where it is hard to access the traditional banking sector. Commercialization of microfinance institutions means that the MFIs seek for commercial ways of funding. This usually happens when, for instance, some of the microfinance NGOs transforms into regulated commercial entity. Mission drift is then a situation when the microfinance institutions (MFIs) commercialize and abandon some of their poorest clients in order to pursuit some non-social goal such as sustainability or profitability. Therefore the MFIs drift from their original mission which is usually to fight the poverty. So far, there has not been conducted a lot of research on this topic. Furthermore, neither the microfinance experts agree with each other about the existence of mission drift. Therefore the main goal of this thesis is to closer inspect the mission drift on data from the MIX database. To do this we have used the regression analysis, combined with analysis of historical performance of the observed MFIs.
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The Distribution and Utilization of Health Services in Ghana before and after the Introduction of the National Health Insurance Scheme.
Ankomah, Kwadwo ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
The introduction of Hospital Fees Regulations (LI 1313) in popularly called "cash and carry" in 1985 made it mandatory for fees to be charged at the point of service delivery. This almost made health care in Ghana beyond the reach of the poor. Realizing the effect of the "cash and carry" on the poor, the then government in 2003 came out with the National Health Insurance Policy to make health care services accessible and equitable to all Ghanaians especially the poor and the vulnerable in the society. The government has invested a lot of money in the NHIS in an effect to make more accessible to the poor. The general perception of the Ghanaian populist is that NHIS is more accessible to those are well to do because they live in cities and towns closer to the NHIS offices and health facilities to the detriment of the poor who are mostly found in the rural areas. This study is focused on the level of involvement of the poor in the National Health Insurance scheme to ascertain if the desired aim of making health care equitable and accessible to the poor is being achieved.
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Vliv struktury sourozenců na dětskou práci a školní docházku
Korbel, Václav ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Janotík, Tomáš (referee)
In scholarly literature the impact of sibling structure is commonly examined in connection with child health and school attendance. The aim of my bach- elor thesis is to determine what influence has the particular sibling structure on child labor, which is not studied so often, and the school attendance re- lated to the subject. The first part dwells on models of resource allocation within household and description of basic mechanisms regarding the method in which the structure of siblings influences resource allocation within house- hold. Main emphasis is laid on theoretical model with household production. Hypothesis about effect of sibling structure is then empirically tested using data from two African countries - Sierra Leone and Niger. Based on this analysis, it is possible to conclude that particular structure of siblings do not have fundamental influence on recourse allocation within household. Last but not least, reasons of differences between chosen countries are discussed in the conclusion.
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Vliv ekonomické krize na finanční zdroje neziskových organizací
Budská, Petra ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Báťa, Karel (referee)
These papers focus on the financial resources of nonprofit sector and how the economic crisis had to changed them a what was the effect. By analyzing data which were collected from questionnaires and annual reports of nonprofit organizations, I'm using basic statistics came to the answer to the question whether an increase or decrease of financial resources, especially, donations, money from EU funds and state subsidies. In papers, there is also explanation of paradoxical behaviour of Czech donaters, stability of government grants as a financial resource and the different behaviour of Prague due to whole state. At the end of papers is a comparison between European nonprofit sector and American nonprofit sector, because the crisis began there and spread throughout the world, and of course, there is also comparing nonprofit sectors of Czech Republic and United States.
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Earnings profiles and money illusion
Todica, Doina ; Štika, Pavel (referee) ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor)
The main goal of the thesis is to test the existence of money illusion among the working population of the Republic of Moldova. The author of the thesis conducted a survey in March 2010, and results suggest that under the presence of rather high inflation, and a larger increase in nominal wage relative to real wage, Moldovan workers are prone to money illusion, this influences their earning profiles over time and across economic sectors; more than that this finding is important in explaining why workers change the economic sector, or why some sectors of the economy are characterized by grater fluctuations than other. To the author's best knowledge, this represents the first time a study of this kind is conducted in the Republic of Moldova.
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Does remedial education help disadvantaged children in the Czech Republic? : evaluation of education support programme
Lelovská, Adriána ; Koubek, Ivo (referee) ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor)
Programmes supporting education are one of the main activities of nongovernmental organizations. However, the information about effects of such programmes is often misleading, as it provides only limited clarification on improvement observed with the treated children. This thesis concentrates on a particular project of the Czech nongovernmental organization People in Need, where selected children from families endangered by social isolation received extra tutoring. In this study, the whole course of evaluation is described, revealing the process of data collection in the field. The main part of the thesis focuses on analysis of the programme, comparing the control and treatment groups before and after joining the programme using difference-in-differences method. The aim of the thesis is to show the true impacts of the remedial education on school performance, school absenteeism and school behaviour of the children. Moreover, the research will reveal the change that the programme had on the parents' attitude towards educating their children.
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AIDS and polygamy in Sub-Saharan Africa
Pokorný, Jiří ; Verchuša, Kateřina (referee) ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor)
The objective of this work is to contribute to understanding the relationship between AIDS, polygamy and the economic performance of a country or of an individual by analyzing and discussing some particular questions, and by adding some new ideas to existing theories. The first part is theoretical, largely devoted to AIDS and it's influence on the economy. The second part is a microeconomic statistical analysis, which tries to find what are the characteristics of polygamous men and women, and what is the relationship between polygamy and AIDS. It shows that polygamous households are relatively more wealthy and that the men's motivation to have more wives is probably wanting to have lots of children. Then it was found that polygamy brings higher risk of being infected by AIDS, because of polygamous husbands being more often unfaithful. The conclusion is that families having the best outlook are probably those with a polygamous and faithful husband. Such families will be wealthy and will have many children.
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Relationship of demographic and economic development in Subsahar countries
Havlínová, Jana ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
This paper deals with the impact of the population growth on the economic performance in the Sub- Saharan countries. This region hasn`t undergone demographic transition and faces high population growth, which is caused by high fertility and relatively low life expectancy. Economic growth is not sufficient enough to deal with this pressure and many countries end up in population traps. The first part of this paper describes the evolution of the population debate since Malthus till the most recent findings and sumarizes key demographic and economics links. Second part analyses demographic development of the region with emphasis on the fertility and mortality. The third part is focused on selected domograpic and economics links. The last part examines economic development of the region on the basis of economic and demographic model and the problem of high population growth is viewed from the broader perspective of development policies. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Education and HIV: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Kopecký, Tadeáš ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Korbel, Václav (referee)
The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a large threat for developing countries, es- pecially for Sub-Saharan Africa. To be able to fight the epidemic, we need to understand the socio-economic drivers of it to distinguish the groups of people at the highest risk of the HIV. We performed an econometric analysis using logistic regression dealing with the relationship between education and several HIV connected factors - HIV status, HIV knowledge and sexual behavior - based on a large sample from 21 Sub-Saharan African countries from Demographic and Health Survey data collection from years 2008-2014. The education ap- pears to be non-lineary correlated with the HIV status as people with primary and secondary education are at the highest risk of being HIV positive. These results can be nevertheless influenced by e.g. survivorship bias as the education appears to have a positive effect on both HIV knowledge and protective sexual behavior. It is thus advised to promote education in the Sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, it is needed to target the help primary to the groups at the highest risk of being HIV positive to prevent further spread of HIV and to help families of the HIV positive individuals. Moreover, we found that there is no significant difference in the correlation between education and HIV status between...
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