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Respect for human rights of mentally ill. Ethical aspects of involuntary hospitalization.
Petr, Tomáš ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Bankovská Motlová, Lucie (referee)
The thesis is devoted to the issue of involuntary hospitalization in the field of psychiatry. Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization is accompanied by a wide range of ethical issues and practical problems. In the theoretical part of the thesis I describe the involuntary hospitalization from several different points of view. I pay attention to international conventions and documents relating to the issue, reveal the historical roots of involuntary hospitalization, compare the situation in different European countries and mention some important judicial decisions concerning the involuntary admission of a person. Using a comprehensive approach I map all the important aspects of this sensitive area in health care provision. In the research part, using both - the quantitative and the qualitative approach, I offer a more detailed look at two selected aspects surrounding the involuntary hospitalization. The first part of the research is focused on the subjective experiences of involuntarily admitted patients. 88 patients participated in the research. These patients described their perception of coercion, the possibility or impossibility of influencing decisions about hospitalization and subsequent treatment, the level of autonomy and emotional experience. The second part of the research is aimed at...
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Changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides in cholestasis associated with other markers of pathological processes in hepatocytes.
Petr, Tomáš ; Muchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee) ; Befekadu, Asfaw (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of glycosphingolipids in the rat liver in different types of cholestasis and the effect of oxidative stress on changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides. First, it was necessary to optimize the immunochemical detection of glycosphingolipids. GM1 ganglioside was selected as a representative of a large glycolipid family. We found that minimum water content in the fixing solution was a key condition for fixation of histological sections. Optimized method of GM1 detection was subsequently used in in vivo experiments. We have demonstrated that estrogen-induced cholestasis characterized by high concentrations of bile acids and increased oxidative stress caused changes in the synthesis and distribution of liver gangliosides. HMOX induction is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress level and accompanied by normalization in GSL content. In experiments with obstructive cholestasis, we found that changes in the distribution and synthesis of gangliosides were not strictly specific to a particular type of cholestasis. We assume that it represents a general mechanism of hepatoprotection. We also confirmed the important role of bilirubin, product of HMOX reaction, in protection of hepatocytes against oxidative damage caused by high concentrations of...
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Changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides in cholestasis associated with other markers of pathological processes in hepatocytes.
Petr, Tomáš
This thesis is focused on the study of glycosphingolipids in the rat liver in different types of cholestasis and the effect of oxidative stress on changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides. First, it was necessary to optimize the immunochemical detection of glycosphingolipids. GM1 ganglioside was selected as a representative of a large glycolipid family. We found that minimum water content in the fixing solution was a key condition for fixation of histological sections. Optimized method of GM1 detection was subsequently used in in vivo experiments. We have demonstrated that estrogen-induced cholestasis characterized by high concentrations of bile acids and increased oxidative stress caused changes in the synthesis and distribution of liver gangliosides. HMOX induction is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress level and accompanied by normalization in GSL content. In experiments with obstructive cholestasis, we found that changes in the distribution and synthesis of gangliosides were not strictly specific to a particular type of cholestasis. We assume that it represents a general mechanism of hepatoprotection. We also confirmed the important role of bilirubin, product of HMOX reaction, in protection of hepatocytes against oxidative damage caused by high concentrations of...
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Effect of global poverty reduction on wild animal welfare
Petr, Tomáš ; Vandrovcová, Tereza (advisor) ; Richter, Eva (referee)
Effect of global poverty reduction on wild animal welfare Abstract This thesis aims to find a connection in the form of theory or economic model between two concepts - world poverty and wild animal welfare. By synthesising contemporary knowledge, we aim to answer the question of whether there are scientifically-based explanations for the relationship between decreasing global poverty and welfare of wild animals. We also aim to answer the question of whether the welfare of wild animals is worsening or improving with declining global poverty. Assuming that animals are sentient beings, their welfare is negatively affected by the variety of human activities. These activities can be undertaken by humans intentionally (e.g. hunting) or unintentionally, with the industrial activities leading to the disruption of animal habitats or chemical contamination of the biosphere. We approach the problem of reducing global poverty on wild animal welfare in two ways. First, we find an explanation of the relationship between the growth of society's wealth and environmental degradation from a macro-perspective using the environmental Kuznets curve and its derivative - animal welfare Kuznets curve. Using these curves, however, the interpretation of the impact of poverty reduction on wild animal welfare can only be very limited....
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Changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides in cholestasis associated with other markers of pathological processes in hepatocytes.
Petr, Tomáš
This thesis is focused on the study of glycosphingolipids in the rat liver in different types of cholestasis and the effect of oxidative stress on changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides. First, it was necessary to optimize the immunochemical detection of glycosphingolipids. GM1 ganglioside was selected as a representative of a large glycolipid family. We found that minimum water content in the fixing solution was a key condition for fixation of histological sections. Optimized method of GM1 detection was subsequently used in in vivo experiments. We have demonstrated that estrogen-induced cholestasis characterized by high concentrations of bile acids and increased oxidative stress caused changes in the synthesis and distribution of liver gangliosides. HMOX induction is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress level and accompanied by normalization in GSL content. In experiments with obstructive cholestasis, we found that changes in the distribution and synthesis of gangliosides were not strictly specific to a particular type of cholestasis. We assume that it represents a general mechanism of hepatoprotection. We also confirmed the important role of bilirubin, product of HMOX reaction, in protection of hepatocytes against oxidative damage caused by high concentrations of...
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Consumer credit and consumer protection
Petr, Tomáš ; Švarc, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Marková, Hana (referee)
The theme of this diploma thesis is Consumer credit and consumer protection. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the new Consumer Credit Act that brings substantial changes to the provision of consumer and mortgage credit. Author compares new act with the previous legislation and describes the development in past years. The diploma thesis compares selected bank and non-bank providers of consumer credit and evaluates the parameters of mortgage credit of these institutions. In the conclusion the results are summarised, and there is stated the recommendation for the consumer. The last part outlines the recommendations concerning chances to decrease the household indebtedness and increase the consumer protection on the consumer credit market.
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Nutritional status of long-term hospitalized patients in psychiatric hospital
Svobodová, Hana ; Tomášek, Jiří (advisor) ; Petr, Tomáš (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this non-interventional observational study was to determine the nutritional statu s of long-term hospitalized pacients in a psychiatric hospital using anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. Assess the presence of overweight, obesity and pathological waist circumference in patients with schizophrenia. Evaluate the incidence of malnutrition and risk of its development in patients with dementia. Methods: The data were obtained by measuring the selected patients in Psychiatric hospital Kosmonosy, were collected data on body weight, arm circumference, waist and calf. Data were completed by information from nursing records - body height of the patient, age, length of hospital stay and used antipsychotic medication. The data of weight and height were used to calculated BMI. Results: The study included a total of 121 patients, of whom 56 (46.28 %) men and 65 (53.72 %) women. Patients were divided into two groups by diagnosis, the first group of schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorders (93 patients) and another group with a diagnosis of dementia (28 patients). In the first group, the incidence of overweight was present in 26.88 % of patients, obesity in 25.81 % of patients and abdominal obesity was present in 79.57 % of patients. The highest average BMI, the prevalence...
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The needs of non-medical staff members in acute psychiatric care
Smolíková, Romana ; Štegmannová, Ingrid (advisor) ; Petr, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis is based on the needs of non-medical staff members in acute psychiatric care. The main aim of the thesis is to identify the needs of staff members and the relationship to their work. The theme is focussed on theoretical part and formed by information about the needs, motives and motivation in general within a working context. It further focuses on the branch of mental health care, describing the history of psychiatric nursing and current trends in psychiatric care. It then provides an analysis of specifics of psychiatric nursing and goes on to present the possibilities of professional support of the nursing staff. The practical part describes a qualitative study that aims on identification of needs of non-medical staff members working on acute psychiatric unit. The result of the study is formed by 23 identified domains of the needs implanted into the theoretical framework of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In making recommendations for practise the author uses two attitudes for practical implementation of the results: 1. the results are rearranged into Herzberg's two factor model of motivation, 2. the mind map is used to capture the most dominant groups of needs and their mutual interferences. The thesis concludes by proposing an implementation of supervision into the organization where the...
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