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The prevalence of contact sensitization in children in the Czech Republic
Machovcová, Alena ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Vantuchová, Yvetta (referee) ; Cetkovská, Petra (referee)
Background The frequency of allergic contact dermatitis in children is not as negligible as had been originally thought. During the last decades, many reports have been published abroad concerning allergic contact dermatitis in children. However, the data about the Czech Republic were lacking. Aim of study The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of contact sensitization to the allergens of European baseline series in unselected child population. Material and Methods A group of 236 unselected schoolchildren aged between 6 and 16 years were patch tested with European baseline series in the years 2005 - 2006. Patch tests were evaluated in 218 (114 boys, 104 girls) according to the criteria of International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Results One or more positive reactions had 67 children (30.7%). The top allergens in children were nickel sulfate, neomycin sulfate, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru) and fragrance mix I. Conclusion Results of patch tests in unselected set of Czech children are not very satisfactory. They indicate that the incidence of contact hypersensitivity in children is relatively frequent. It appears that the patch tests in the Czech Republic are not carried out on all children in whom they should be performed....
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Klusáčková, Pavlína ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Hajduková, Zdeňka (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Early diagnosis of occupational asthma is important especially for the prognosis of this disease. The confirmation of the diagnosis of occupational asthma is sometimes difficult using diagnostic methods available nowadays. That is why searching new methods is very important. Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry enables the separate detection of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) - LTC4, LTD4, LTE4; LTB4 and 8-isoprostane. If patients with occupational asthma and controls were compared, only LTC4 was significantly higher among all EBC parameters studied in asthmatics (despite corticosteroid treatment). This marker could be used in the future diagnostics. Monitoring of 24-hours variability of EBC parameters in patients, in whom occupational asthma is suspected, showed relatively high intraindividual and interindividual variation. It is evident therefore, that if only one daily measurement in asthmatics would be possible (which is common in articles of several authors), it should be collected in the same period of day in all persons. In negative bronchoprovocation tests significant changes of EBC parameters were not found. The evaluation of positive bronchoprovocation tests was limited by small number of patients, however in five persons from six, the...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Křenová, Martina ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of our study was to evaluate the severity of hepatic and kidney damage retrospectively in the years between 2000 and 2004 with a focus on their reversibility, and to analyse the prognostic factors following Amanita phalloides (Am. ph., mainly hepatotoxic agent) and ethylene glycol (EG, nephrotoxic liquid) based on the calls made to the Czech Toxicological Information Centre and analyses made by toxicological laboratories. Analysis relied on data from medical records. A variety of clinical and laboratory parameters were collected. Fisher's test, Student's t-test and the calculation of linear correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Twenty-four of 206 case-patients with EG intoxication were children. Fifty of 158 adult patients who survived, developed signs of nephrotoxicity. In 19 patients renal function normalized up to one month following the intoxication. Total 21 patients were followed-up as out-patients. Renal function completely recovered in 13 patients during 6 months and in three patients during 8-24 moths following the intoxication. The serum creatinine level was only mild elevated (119 |imol/l) in other two patients. However, their follow-up finished. In three patients renal damage persisted, serum creatinine level 138-200 (imol/1, in 19-26 months after discharge from...
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Pharmacovigilance in the Toxicological Information Centre
Urban, Michal ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee) ; Zacharov, Sergej (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Background The annual drug overdose rates have been increasing exponentially since the 90's worldwide. Toxicological information centre (TIC) represents a valuable source of information for evaluating the trends in the drug poisonings in Czech Republic. Aim of the study The purpose was to analyze the number and trends in the calls concerning poisonings due to central nervous system (CNS) affecting drugs, identify the reasons of medication errors caused by laymen, frequency and consequences of these errors across all age groups and also to analyze the numbers, causes, symptoms and severity of the paracetamol intoxications. Methods During the reference period the data from the enquiries were extracted from the TIC electronic database, discharge reports from the hospital were studied or phone call follow-ups with the patients were carried out to be able to evaluate the outcome of the poisonings. Results In the years 1997-2002 the number of calls caused by poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants and barbiturates decreased (by 366.7 % and 340,0 %, respectively) whereas the calls due to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines overdose increased (by 1347.4 % and 359.8 %). The 0-5 years old children are at the highest risk of experiencing medication errors or accidental poisonings...
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Mercury and its Future in the Czech Republic
Navrátil, Tomáš ; Vytopilová, M. ; Vlčková, Š. ; Mrázová, K. ; Zakharov, S. ; Honsová, Š. ; Pelclová, D.
Toxicity of mercury has been discussed for many years by specialists as well as by laymen. Legislative tools connected with measures and conditions concerning the trade, manufacture, use and interim storage of mercury, mercury compounds, mixtures, mercury-added products and the management of mercury waste are currently being prepared. Some suggestions and prepared measurements are mentioned and discussed in this contribution. Of course, it is necessary to differentiate among various forms of it, i.e., metallic form, vapors, amalgams, soluble and insoluble inorganic and organic compounds.
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Information on Several Interesting Case Reports of Liquid Mercury Intoxication
Navrátil, Tomáš ; Vlčková, Š. ; Mrázová, K. ; Nováková, Kateřina ; Zakharov, S. ; Honsová, Š. ; Pelclová, D.
This contribution reports on several mercury non-professional intoxications. It can be summarized that it is very important to differentiate among forms of mercury which can (acute or chronic) endanger human health. Contrarily to the wide spread fears, liquid mercury represents low danger for men and for environment. Solid amalgams are probably the less toxic forms of mercury compounds. On the other hand, widely spread daily consumer goods can be very dangerous and toxic (saving balls, fluorescent tubes, etc.). Moreover, these goods are not marked as “toxic mercury containing”. The article discusses the instruction for removing mercury from our environment. Most of the reported data are based on database of the Czech Toxicological Information Centre (TIC) (from the years 1995 – 2015).
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Methanol Outbreak in the Czech Republic in the year 2012 – Almost Two Years Later
Navrátil, Tomáš ; Zakharov, S. ; Pelclová, D. ; Mrázová, K.
Almost two years ago, in autumn 2012, a large methanol outbreak was registered in the Czech Republic (CR). The first case was registered in September 2012 in Moravian city Havířov. The source was connected with illegal production and sale of adulterated spirits. About 50 dead and more than 150 cases of methanol intoxications have been reported since September 2012. Some cases of intoxications, connected with old methanol sources distributed in 2012, have been registered up to now. Not all of total amount of prepared methanolic drinks has been found and hundreds liters of toxic methanol have remained in stores or in households. n the other hand, many people intoxicated during this outbreak and classified as “fully recovered” by their hospital discharge, have suffered by sequels of their intoxication at present (visual and nervous system disturbances) and their number has been increasing.
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Markers of Oxidative Stress are Elevated in Workers Exposed to Nanoparticles
Pelclová, D. ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Fenclová, Z. ; Vlčková, Š. ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Pušman, Jan ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Syslová, K. ; Kuzma, Marek ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Zakharov, S. ; Kačer, P.
Health-effects of nanoparticles in humans are little understood. Pre-shift and post-shift spirometry, markers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured both in 20 workers exposed to TiO2 aerosol and 19 controls. Particle number size distributions were monitored by aerosol spectrometers SMPS and APS, covering the overall size range 15 nm-10 μm. Simultaneously, the spatial distributions of total particle number and mass concentrations were determined using a particle number concentration monitor (P-TRAK) and a monitor of particle mass concentrations (DustTRAK DRX). Total aerosol concentrations in the production plant varied greatly in both space and time; number concentrations 1x104-2x105 particles/cm3 and mass concentrations 0.1-30 mg/m3. In the workshops, 90% of the particles were smaller than 100 nm in diameter and particle concentrations were 10x higher than in the control room.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013111914100 - PDF
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Short Information on Methanol Outbreak in the Czech Republic in the year 2012
Navrátil, Tomáš ; Zakharov, S. ; Pelclová, D. ; Mrázová, K.
This contribution reports briefly on the large methanol outbreak in the Czech Republic (CR) in autumn 2012. The first case was registered in September 2012 in Havířov. The source was unknown at that time, but it was connected with the illegal production and sale of adulterated spirits. More than 130 cases of methanol intoxication have been reported during September 2012 – April 2013. 44 people died, about 1/5 of intoxicated patients have suffered by sequels of intoxication and their number have been increasing. Moreover, the samples of methanol can be found in some illegal stores and in some households up to now.
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