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Rational nutrition of paramedics in workshift
Hillová, Dagmar ; Nováková, Alena (advisor) ; Marková, Eva (referee)
HILLOVÁ, Dagmar: Rational nutrition of paramedics in workshift. [Bachelor thesis]. Charles University in Prague. 1 faculty of medicine; Nutritional therapist. Consultant: Mgr. Nováková Alena. Prague, 2017, 46s. Thesis discusses the rational eating habits of medics, paramedics and nurses who work shifts. The theoretical part describes principles of balanced nutrition with regards of rotating day and night shifts, the impact of poor diet on the job performance and on health of an individual. The work is focused not only on nutrition, but also on aspects that are closely related to nutrition, such as smoking and regular physical activity. The aim was to identify weaknesses in eating habits and then suggest possible and effective solutions considering the financial options of health facilities. Selected problem was solved by quantitative research using questionnaire methods. The questionnaire was directly focusing on different aspects of rational nutrition, smoking, sports activities and its own position towards health and nutrition. The observed data were graphically and numerically processed into graphs, and comparisons were made based on the age of the respondents and the country in which they operate (Slovakia or Czech Republic). In this work, there were suggested possible solutions in terms of...
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Awareness and Knowledge of Lexical and Spelling Differences Between British and American English Among Czech Students of English
Nováková, Alena ; Matuchová, Klára (advisor) ; Bojarová, Marie (referee)
This thesis is concerned with lexical and spelling differences between British and American English. The theoretical part provides an overview of the history and development of those differences, including a list of selected high frequency items. It also focuses on the role of American culture in the world and its impact on the English language. The practical part is based on a survey and attempts to discover whether Czech upper secondary students are aware of British and American English and the differences between them, with special attention to the media dominated by American English and their influence on students' language competence. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Management activities of charge nurse in the intensive care unit
Nováková, Alena ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Lišková, Iveta (referee)
This thesis focuses on the work of charge nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) as first-line managers. The practical part of the thesis aims at assessing the experience with nursing management in day-to-day routine, especially with the management of change introduction, conflict resolution and motivation of employees. It further compares different charge nurses' career beginnings. The second part of the research deals with personal typology of charge nurses. Twenty six ICU charge nurses were included into the study. The results indicate that charge nurses are not being specifically prepared for their job and that they particularly lack any special education in management. They usually solve conflicts either by compromise or via a directive. Most charge nurses intend to introduce changes into daily practice and they perceive changes as positive. Conversely, they describe the attitude of their subordinates towards changes as negative. Charge nurses generally know the motivators of their employees; however, they excessively and inappropriately use praising as motivation tool. Although not standardized and not used generally, a formal evaluation of employees is considered by charge nurses as a possible way to improve motivation. Allover, the study shows the need for a more thorough management training...
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The role of fathers in family policy
Nováková, Alena ; Angelovská, Olga (advisor) ; Vlčková, Kamila (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to examine the phenomenon of active fatherhood and the influence of an engaged father on raising a child. I am interested in sociological view on parenthood and stereotypes of male and female roles. But my major interest lies in a phenomenon that has been developing in last several years not only in the Czech Republic, but also abroad - and this phenomenon is active fatherhood. I will pay attention to historical development of fatherhood and a positive impact a father has on his child. In the empirical part of my paper I analyze the research called Forms of fatherhood in the CR (Podoby otcovství v ČR); in this part I try to describe opinions of current fathers on active fatherhood and determine whether the father - provider and mother - caretaker stereotypes still exist in society. The practical part is based on results of a qualitative survey, comprising of an analysis of semi-structured interviews with fathers from two generations, who are relatives (fathers - sons). The aim of my bachelor thesis is to find whether the opinions on active fatherhood have changed over generations.
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Mechanisms of water stress adaptations of the filamentous fungi
Sklenář, František ; Hubka, Vít (advisor) ; Nováková, Alena (referee)
Some species of the filamentous fungi can grow on the substrates with low water activity that have either low water content or high concentration of osmotically active substances. These fungi are usually called osmotolerant or xerotolerant. They occur particularly in the soil of arid areas and in hypersaline environments. Economically important species cause spoilage of stored food, seed and feed. This thesis brings the summary of physiological and morphological adaptations of fungal organisms to water stress and deals with the molecular genetic background of these adaptations. The current taxonomic classification of the fungal organisms adapted to grow at low water activity is summarized. Separate chapters are dedicated to the influence of different osmotically active substances on the phenotype of the fungi and to the possibilities of using media with osmotically active substances for taxonomic purposes.
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Mycobiota of energy sorrel
Janďourková, Hana ; Novotný, David (advisor) ; Nováková, Alena (referee)
Energy sorrel (Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A. Los.) is a plant with a high yield of above-ground biomass. Because of this, it is grown as energy crop, but in Ukraine it is also important forage crop. Mycobiota has not been examined, even though energy sorrel is grown in the Czech Republic experimentally since 1992 (in agricultural operations since 2001). The aims of this thesis were: to determine the composition of mycobiota of healthy plants and of mycobiota associated with leaf and stem spots, to verify whether fungi isolated from spots can cause these spots and if previously isolated fungus Phomopsis sp. can cause spots. Fungi were cultivated on 2% malt extract agar and then morphologically determined. From representative strains were isolated DNA and sequences of the ITS region were compared with the GenBank databases, this verified the morphological determination and the sterile species were determined. In total 24 morphotypes of endophytic fungi were cultivated from healthy plants. The most common species were: Clonostachys rosea f. rosea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus, Alternaria alternata and Acremonium strictum. From the spots were isolated in total 29 morphotypes, the dominant species were: A. strictum, Aureobasidium pullulans, C....
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Diversity and taxonomy of Trichoderma in the Czech Republic
Valinová, Šárka ; Kubátová, Alena (advisor) ; Nováková, Alena (referee)
Genus Trichoderma - anamorph of the genus Hypocrea (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) belongs to saprotrophic filamentous micromycetes. The representatives of this genus are known primarily as cosmopolitan inhabitants of soil ecosystems, including leaf litter and woody debris. This work summarizes the results of the study of isolates belonging to the genus Trichoderma originating from the territory of the Czech Republic, mainly from soil and leaf litter. During the study, altogether 267 isolates were analysed. For all of the isolates the following methods were used: phenotypic characterisation, UP-PCR fingerprinting, gene sequencing in tef 1α and ITS regions, and in the strain AK 115/00 also in rpb2 region. The main result of the study was the identification of 21 species of genus Trichoderma belonging into 4 groups and discovery of one isolate of species yet unknown to science. Species T. crassum, T. gamsii, T. ghanense, T. rossicum and T. longipile were found in the Czech Republic for the first time. According to the literature review and results of this study, 34 different Trichoderma species is currently known from the Czech Republic. In the work there is also discussed low reliability of identification of certain species based only on phenotypic characters. Key words:...
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Interactions of microscopic fungi and testate amoebae in Norway spruce litter
Konvalinková, Tereza ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Nováková, Alena (referee)
Both testate amoebae and fungi are common inhabitants of coniferous litter. Their interactions in this environment were rarely studied, although they reach high biodiversity and can play a significant role in nutrient cycling in this environment. In this study, a cultivation of litter needles in the damp chambers was used to investigate interactions between fungi and testate amoebae. Observation of spruce litter needles in environmental scanning electron microscope was used to better characterize testate amoebae communities directly on the needles. Additionally, two experiments changing the biotic conditions in the microcosm were used to follow a principle of the interactions. Three species of testate amoebae from litter needles were able to colonize the filter paper on the bottom of the damp chambers. Occurrence of Phryganella acropodia and Assulina muscorum on the filter paper was significantly fuelled by the presence of mycelium. Assulina muscorum was associated with the fungal spores and Arcella discoides was attracted by sporulating colonies of Cladosporium spp. in the damp chambers. By contrast, no association of putatively mycophagous Phryganella acropodia with fungal spores was observed. Arcella discoides was attracted both by live and death mycelium in additional experiment. Interestingly, the...
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Educational program for clients of home parenteral nutrition
Nováková, Alena ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Vaňková, Dana (referee) ; Rybářová, Marie (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals about the education of home parenteral nutrition. Generally, the theoretical part provides a comprehensive overview of education in nursing and parenteral nutrition and gives its specifications in the home environment. The empirical part refers to the possible problems relating to the nurse and the patient, which were solved by questionnaire. Based on the delivered data I have prepared proposal of an educational program for clients on home parenteral nutrition.
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