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Form, design and thinking of the modern robot
Krajník, Marek ; Berka, Petr (referee) ; Jirků, Petr (advisor)
V této práci bych rád podal popis robota jakožto stroje jak po fyzické, tak po psychické stránce. Budu postupovat od toho, jak by měl vypadat na první pohled a jaké by měl mít funkce, přes úvahu o struktuře konstrukční látky až po to, jak by měl myslet - to bude poslední kapitola, která by se dala také nazvat Umělá Inteligence.
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The malfunction concept in complex systems
Švarný, Petr ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (referee) ; Jirků, Petr (advisor)
The paper studies the concept of malfunction or illness, which are characterized by nonstandard or undesirable behaviour of the given complex systems. The parallels and differences between natural and artificial mind, simple and complex systems are shown to be crucial for the conclusion, that mental disorders must not be restricted to human minds.
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Communication problems with the computer in natural language
Sirůčková, Hana ; Petkevič, Vladimír (referee) ; Jirků, Petr (advisor)
Ve své práci se snažím poukázat na to, jak je pochopení přirozeného jazyka složité. A ačkoli jej používáme každý den, není snadné jej jednoduše popsat natož jej přesně matematicky definovat. Ale pokud se chceme bavit s počítačem v přirozeném jazyce, tak je nutné mít nějaký systém, který převede přirozený jazyk do příkazu počítače. Prostředníkem by mohly být umělé jazyky, které by byly jednoduché a zbaveny nejednoznačností a přitom by byly dostatečně univerzální. Práce kromě úvodu a závěru obsahuje čtyři kapitoly. Ve druhé kapitole se snažím popsat, co to vlastně přirozený jazyk je, odkud se bere informace. Jaké jsou komplikace v porozumění přirozenému jazyku, problémy, které mají s porozuměním stroje na rozdíl od lidí, u nichž se předpokládá standardní chápání světa, je vyjádřeno ve třetí kapitole. Ve čtvrté kapitole je nastíněna snaha o vyřešení problémů z třetí kapitoly zavedením umělých jazyků a v páté kapitole jsou rozebrány možnosti reprezentace znalostí.
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Logical foundations of fuzzy mathematics
Běhounek, Libor ; Jirků, Petr (advisor) ; Gottwald, Siegfried Johannes (referee) ; Dvořák, Antonín (referee)
The dissertation consists of the author's published papers on logic-based fuzzy mathe- matics. It is accompanied with a cover study (Part I of the thesis), which introduces the area of logic-based fuzzy mathematics, argues for the signicance of the area of re- search, presents the state of the art, indicates the author's contribution to the eld, and comments on the papers comprising the thesis. Fuzzy mathematics can be characterized as the study of fuzzy structures, i.e., math- ematical structures in which the two values 0, 1 are at some points replaced by a richer system of degrees. Under the logic-based approach, fuzzy structures are formalized by means of axiomatic theories over suitable systems of fuzzy logic, whose rules replace the rules of classical logic in formal derivation of theorems. The main advantages of the logic-based approach are the general gradedness of dened notions, methodological clarity provided by the axiomatic method, and the applicability of a foundational architecture mimicking that of classical mathematics. Logic-based fuzzy mathematics is part of a broader area of non-classical mathematics (i.e., mathematical disciplines axiomatizable in non-classical logics), as well as a specic subeld of general fuzzy methods. Following earlier isolated developments in logic-based fuzzy set...
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Comparison of advantages and disadvantages OOP databases against relational databases
Polák, Robert ; Duží, Marie (referee) ; Jirků, Petr (advisor)
There exists different approaches on database modeling. This work tries to identify strengths and weaknesses of nowadays technologies. Besides relational databases, object oriented databases, and methods to combine the world of objects with the world of tables of relational databases. Last part gives attention to design of methodology of process of development of information systems using technology that implements object access to the data throw build on relational database facilities .
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Selected data mining methods and their applicability to the television audience monitoring data in the Czech Republic
Walter, Jan ; Jirků, Petr (referee) ; Hájek, Petr (advisor)
Data mining is nowadays a fast-growing field, which incorporates machine learning, statistics, and logic within computer science. It has the potential to bring new insights into almost all branches of human activity, because the data are stored almost everywhere. This thesis tries to show the main aspects of the original Czech method Guha, to demonstrate its strength via its application to television audience data, and finally to compare it with the association rules method, which is similar to it. The ambition of this text is to interconnect the world of praxis with the theoretical field, where methods are invented. It also serves as an introduction to data mining itself. The results show that Guha is a full-value method with several interesting features and might be a good tool for extracting knowledge from analyzed data.
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Mapování znalostí v organizaci
Nožička, Josef ; Jirků, Petr (advisor) ; Říhová, Zora (referee) ; Mikulecký, Peter (referee)
Search for the knowledge within big companies could become pain not only for knowledge seekers, but as well for knowledge managers in case they want a solution, that reflects well actual state of knowledge of a company, allows discovering emerging areas of knowledge and at the same time its maintenance does not require huge amounts of effort. This doctoral thesis starts by a comprehensive analysis of needs of expertise location of current company, description of theoretical backgrounds, related approaches and fundamental directions in expertise location, analyses their advantages and disadvantages and on the ground of this analysis presents a new expertise location technique that tries to avoid disadvantages of current expertise location systems by keeping their advantages. The technique is designed to respect the needs of effective knowledge management within a company, which main assets are their employees, their knowledge reflected in unstructured documents they produce as a part of their daily work. Described knowledge mapping technique analyses document publication history of company members and proposes various measures to asses and characterize their knowledge. The implementation of the knowledge mapping technique allows its direct usage (as an expert search engine) as well as its own evaluation (validity of search engine results). The efficiency of proposed measures on various types of document sources (project directories/versioning repositories/etc.) and within various dimension configurations (current/overall knowledge search) is evaluated by the practical evaluation method introduced within the thesis. The evaluation took place in the environment of a middle-sized software company allowing seeing directly a practical usability of the expertise location technique. The results of the evaluation are presented not only in statistical form, but in a form of suggestions of how to implement the model on various document sources within the company. The results suggest that described knowledge mapping technique is a viable approach in expertise location.
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Selected methods of artificial intelligence - artificial life and computer viruses
Hapala, Michael ; Jirků, Petr (advisor) ; Berka, Petr (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to introduce a reader into the area of artificial intelligence, artificial life and computer viruses. The thesis is divided into chapters. First chapter deals with artificial intelligence, it tries to define natural intelligence and then also artificial intelligence. Next part of the thesis describes history of artificial intelligence from its beginings till current times, particular points are separated by years, in which they happenned. Second chapter deals with artificial life, it defines life and characterizes artificial life. Then it deals with cellular automata. It describes, what a cellular automaton is. It deals with von Neumann's kinematic model and celullar automaton and then characterizes particular cellular automata -- the Game of Life, Langton Qloops and Wolfram's one-dimensional cellular automaton. It describes the meaning of cellular automata, then Lindenmayer systems and other methods of artificial life -- artificial life and chaos and life simulators. Third chapter deals with computer viruses, their definition and beginnings. Then it describes classification of malware and techniques of computer viruses. Remaining part sorts viruses by target they infect, by their concealment strategy, by their location in memory and it mentions other types of viruses.
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