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The Effect of Selected Drugs on Bone Metabolism
Karešová, Iva ; Palička, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bayer, Milan (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
With an aging population and increasing life expectancy, osteoporosis represents a major global health problem. Currently it is estimated that more than 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis. Fractures due to osteoporosis are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly (Compston et al., 2019). A large body of evidence suggests an association between AEDs and bone abnormalities. The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in long-term treated epileptics is high. More than 50% of patients with epilepsy have low bone mineral density (BMD) (Ko et al., 2020). The aim of the dissertation was to evaluate the effect of orchidectomy and the effect of selected new antiepileptic drugs (zonisamide, gabapentin, pregabalin, levetiracetam) on bone metabolism in young Wistar rats. The negative effect on bone tissue after rat orchidectomy was confirmed after 12 weeks. Orchidectomy led to a statistically significant reduction in BMD and had a negative effect on the biomechanical properties of bones. Our results confirm that young rats after orchidectomy can be considered a suitable animal model for the study of osteopenia. After 12 weeks of administration of new antiepileptic drugs (zonisamide, gabapentin, pregabalin, levetiracetam), there was no statistically significant effect on BMD in...
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Dietary measures in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Thiel, Simona ; Maruna, Pavel (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on dietary measures in gastroesophageal reflux disease. The main aim was to investigate the adherence to recommended dietary measures aimed at reducing the frequency of unpleasant symptoms accompanying this disease. In some cases, dietary measures may help to completely eliminate the symptoms. The hypothesis is that patients with reflux disease do not adhere to these measures. A secondary aim was to test the effectiveness of dietary measures in patients who faithfully follow them. By means of a questionnaire survey, a total of 33 patients were asked primarily about their adherence to dietary and regimen measures, as well as about the nature of their complaints and the level of their quality of life. The results show that almost 70% of patients do not currently follow any dietary measures. On the contrary, patients following a diet showed an improvement in symptoms (reduction in the number of reflux episodes), and some individuals even had no symptoms. Finally, some recommendations that may contribute to the improvement of this issue are described. Keywords: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Dietary Measures, Nutrition, Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Historical Atlas of the Battle of Leipzig
Horák, Pavel ; Čábelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Machová, Daniela (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to analyze selected old maps of the Battle of Leipzig and create a historical atlas of this battle, which is one of the most important clashes of the Napoleonic Wars. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts related to the given issue are explained. The methodology of map analysis is also described, namely content, semiotic and cartometric analysis. The following is a brief presentation of the actors, causes, progress and consequences of the Battle of Leipzig. In the practical part of the thesis, a detailed content and semiotic analysis of two old maps of the Battle of Leipzig from the Map Collection of the Faculty of Science is carried out. A separate practical output is a printed thematic historical atlas of the Battle of Leipzig, which is designed and created on the basis of the knowledge gained. This atlas contains eight different maps, accompanying texts, figures, tables, as well as a character key. The atlas should show the reader the spatial location of the armies at different times and also provide basic information about the important conflict in question. Keywords: Battle of Leipzig, historical atlas, map analysis, ArcGIS, battle map, thematic cartography
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Growth assesment and management of Diospyros virginiana L. at the UFE ML Křtiny
Horák, Pavel
The aim of the was to evaluate various seed pre-treatments and possibility of introduction of Common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana L.) to forest stands in Czech Republic. In first part, information from various sources about Diospyros virginiana, are listed together with information about PRP established during this experiment. In second part methodology of experiment in described and finally specific results of seed testing production of seedlings and establishing of PRP are shown. As most effective seed pre-treatment, 3 months of cold stratification with germination 87% has shown up followed by two months period with 68%. After one month of stratification germinated only 31%. In forest nursery seedlings achieved approximately 2,71 mm width at root neck and 19,71 cm in height during first year and 7,15 mm in root neck, respectively 56,31 cm in height in second year. At PRP almost no growth in first year was observed for most of individuals, but in second year after average growth in height achieved 12,91 cm with ranging from 1 to 45 cm. Results are deeper discussed in Discussion part.
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Prevalence and severity of sexual dysfunctions in patients with selected rheumatic diseases and the effect of specialized physiotherapeutic intervention on the sexual health of these patients
Heřmánková, Barbora ; Tomčík, Michal (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee) ; Suchý, David (referee)
Introduction: Rare rheumatic diseases, such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), are severe autoimmune diseases characterized by multiorgan involvement and often significant functional impairment that are chronic and progressive in nature. Severe clinical manifestations of SSc and IIM are often associated with significant deterioration of all aspects of quality of life, including sexual function. Only a low number of studies have addressed sexual health in patients with SSc and IIM, which are limited by small sample size, the use of non-standardized scales, or poor methodological quality. In addition, none of the studies evaluated pelvic floor function and its relationship to sexual function in patients with these diseases. Objectives: The aim of this work was a cross-sectional evaluation of the prevalence and severity of sexual dysfunction and pelvic floor dysfunction in women and men with SSc and IIM compared to sex-/age-matched healthy controls (HC). Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the association between sexual dysfunction/pelvic floor dysfunction and disease-related features. Finally, our goal within the pilot project was to evaluate the effect of an 8-week physiotherapy program on sexual function in women with SSc and IIM. Methods: This work consists of...
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Political ideas of Bohumil Laušman - story of the democratic socialist
Horák, Pavel ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Kuklík, Jan (referee)
Bohumil Laušman (born August 30th, 1903) was a member of the Social Democratic Party. He was elected member of the National Assembly for the Pardubice region after ten years in regional politics. At the age of thirty-one he became the youngest Member of Parliament. He organised the foundation of the second parliament formation after the Munich events within the system of limited democracy, the National Labour Party. Not only did he show courage, he also showed sense for reality, when he was regulating some left-wing radicals in the weak party. He participated actively in the resistance after the establishment of the protectorate. In his resistance, he promoted collaboration across the political spectrum. That is why the selfconfident Laušman entered the exile with the idea that the left-wing party should have a moral right to determine political direction of exile institutions, which were forming at that time. His obvious left-wing tendency and non-constructive behaviour are possible to be seen after the failure of his political formation of Czechoslovakia's resistance movement in Paris and London. He travelled to the USSR in the middle of the year 1942 to get acquainted with political ideas of the representatives of the Czechoslovak resistance residing there, possibly to get their political support. During...
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Vliv vybraných látek ovlivňujících centrální nervový systém na kostní metabolismus
Fekete, Soňa ; Živný, Pavel (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee) ; Nobilis, Milan (referee)
The increase in life expectancy of the world population is associated with challenges regarding health issues. For instance, osteoporosis is a medical condition mostly observed in elderly people, in which the quality and quantity of the bone are severely affected. Not only for women but also for men, osteoporosis is recognized as an important public health issue. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder and is a result of loss of skeletal mass. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporotic fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The longterm use of drugs such as antiepileptics and antidepressants could affect the onset of osteoporosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of orchidectomy, the effect of newer antiepileptic (levetiracetam, lacosamide, topiramat, lamotrigine) and antidepressive drugs (mirtazapine, venlafaxine and trazodone) on bone metabolism in healthy male Wistar rats. The first specific aim was to determine the effect of orchidectomy on bone metabolism in rats. We found that after 12 weeks post-orchidectomy there was a negative effect on bone metabolism in rats. These results established these animals as suitable models for...
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The Organization of Repatriation of Displaced Persons in Czechoslovakia after WWII
Kasíková, Jana ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Horak, Pavel (referee)
The Organization of Repatriation of Displaced Persons in Czechoslovakia after World War II. Bc. et Bc. Jana Kasíková Abstract Analyzing the social aspects of the repatriation process of those forced out of their home countries to Czechoslovakia during WW2, this thesis first describes the communication and cooperation of the Czechoslovakian exile government in London with international organizations, particularly with UNRRA and SHAEF. Furthermore, the social, health, transportation and financial impact of creating and maintaining the supporting structures for repatriating displaced persons is explored, with both governmental and non-governmental perspective. Special attention is given to the participation of the general public, e.g. donations, volunteering, media coverage and public relations. The final chapter then explores the organizational structure of the repatriation process in Czechoslovakia. Specific communication between Czechoslovakian and French institutions is presented as an insight into international cooperation. Keywords: repatriation, the return after the Second World War, Displaced Persons, UNRRA, post-war media, relation of repatriation with France
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Epidemiological aspects of inflammatory rheumatic diseases and diffusional diseases of binding tissue.
Hánová, Petra ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Introduction: No information was known about frequency of common inflammatory disorders in rheumatology in the Czech Republic. Aims of the study: To estimate the standardized annual incidence (INC) and point prevalence (PREV) of six diseases (rheumatoid arthritis-RA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis-JIA, gout, psoriatic arthritis-PsA, ankylosing spondylitis-AS, reactive arthritis-ReA) in a population-based study in two regions of the Czech Republic (CR). Methods: INC: Incident cases were registered on condition that the definite diagnosis was confirmed according to existing classification criteria during the study period. PREV was studied on the basis of identification of established diagnoses at a time point. Crude rates were standardized for age and sex. Results: Both INC and PREV are shown per 100.000 inhabitants. RA INC:31 (95%CI 20-42), PREV:610 (95%CI 561-658). Gout-INC:41 (95%CI 28-53), PREV:300 (95% CI 266-334). JIA-INC: 13 (95% CI 1-20), PREV:140 (95%CI 117-280). PsA-INC:3,6 (95% CI 1-8), PREV:49 (95%CI 40-60). AS-INC:6 (95% CI 3-11), PREV:94 (95% CI 94-109). ReA-INC:9 (95% CI 6-15), PREV:91 (95% CI 78-106). Conclusion: This is the first population-based study estimating annual incidence and prevalence rates of the most common rheumatological disorders in the Czech...
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2Adherence to Osteoporosis Treatment
Vytřísalová, Magda ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee) ; Macek, Karel (referee)
Literature search Introduction: Osteoporosis (OP) is an important non-communicable disease, the incidence of which is increasing. It is a systemic metabolic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and changes in bone tissue quality. These disorders increase the risk of fracture and consequently have a considerable impact on public health. OP affects primarily postmenopausal women, but has recently become a great concern in men as well. Among the most important preventive (and non-drug therapeutic) interventions are a diverse diet high in calcium, adequate physical activity, avoidance of exposure to toxic substances and fall prevention. Multiple therapeutic strategies are used in attempts to restore balance between the bone resorption and the bone formation. A first-line intervention is calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Specific drug therapies (anti-osteoporosis drugs) are classified according to the predominant mechanism of action into anticatabolic or antiresorptive drugs (bisphosponates, raloxifene, calcitonin) and formation stimulating, anabolic drugs (parathormones), and drugs with a dual mechanism of action (strontium-ranelate). The current treatment strategies reduce the risk of fracture by about half and have proved cost effective. As in other chronic asymptomatic diseases,...
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