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The attempts of Spain at Power Recuperation int the sixties of the 19 th Century
Hertel, Petr ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee)
The thesis The Attempts of Spain at Power Recuperation in the sixties of the 19th Century analyzes five actions of military and naval character undertaken by the Spanish Monarchy out of its territories roughly between the years 1858 and 1866, along with their preconditions, circumstances, course, and results. In the comparison with two actions realized or initiated by Spain as early as towards the close of the 1850s (her participation in the French intervention in Vietnam in 1858-1863, the war against Morocco in 1859-1860), an profounder attention is paid to three interventions effectuated from 1861 in the American countries which still approximately four decades before had been creating components of her great overseas empire (the reannexation of Santo Domingo in 1861- 1865; the participation in the so-called Tripartite Intervention in Mexico in 1861-1862; the naval expedition towards the South America's Pacific watersides that culminated in Spanish-Peruvian controversy of 1864 and afterwards, in the so-called First Pacific War, managed in 1865-1866 by Spain against the South America's Pacific republics, primarily against Chile and Peru). After all, just the Hispanic American emancipation, consummated in the 1820s (and thus, the decomposition of the great Spanish empire in continental America, after three...
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The Argentine Army as an economic factor
Daříčková, Eva ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee)
The doctoral thesis The Argentine Army as an Economic Factor focuses on civil-military relations that are key to understanding the history, the development of modern society, and even the reality of current Argentina. The main myth that characterizes Argentine history is that the interruption of the development of the democratic processes is due to military interventions. Both in Argentine society and in the international sphere, there is a purely negative opinion about the Argentine military, in particular related to the shock caused by the last military dictatorship. This sentiment still permeates the cultural and moral face of society. This paper offers another vision of the Argentine military and tries to contribute to overcome an overly simplified perception and the prejudice that derives from it. The first part of the paper examines the emergence of military power and the characteristics of the political system in the first half of the 20th century. This section points out the causes for which the Army overstepped its specific functions and entered into the political life of Argentina. The second part is devoted to the Argentine economic system and its characteristics, from its insertion in the global market and its development through the economic policies of various governments. This...
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Ohrožení ekonomických zájmů EU v Jižní a Střední Americe.
Frýda, Jiří ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Kovář, Martin (referee) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee)
The dissertation analyses the threats to economic interests of EU in Latin America - mostly focused on MERCOSUR's countries. Both regions share history, cultural and social bonds which were interrupted by the Cold War. During this period was Latin America a natural zone of interest of the United States (similarity with East Europe and USS R). The fundamental event is the end of bipolarity. The dissertation is mostly focused on one decade between 2003-2013. The three main chapters define the concept of economic security, the relationship between the EU-Latin America on the background of the historical insight and third main chapter analyses China's engagement in Latin America. In the post-Cold War period came a significant paradigmatic shift in the perception of economic security/vulnerability. Considering the asymmetry of relations between the two regions, we analyze a historical background, including the so-called "shared values" that partially (but not entirely) can be challenged. Relations between the two regions are viewed as highly pragmatic with a strong emphasis on trade ties. China as a new element in the region, where traditionally has competed the United States and Europe, is the core topic of the main third chapter. Latin America isn't perceived as a single region, but it is consider in...
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Brazilian Foreign Policy in the second half of 20th Century
Pelant, Matyáš ; Binková, Simona (advisor) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
This thesis analyzes Brazilian Foreign Policy in the second half of twentieth century. The case study on relations between Czechoslovakia and Brazil during the Cold War is the core of the dissertation. The study is based on unpublished materials from Czech archives. The case study is preceded by two sections: first one deals with tradition and development of Brazilian foreign policy, describes the forming of Brazil-US special relationship and the positions of Brazil in the international politics. Second chapter defines key milestones of the Brazilian Foreign Policy in the second half of 20th century for the purposes of the case study and for better understanding of the context. It focuses on relationship with Eastern Bloc, United States and Western Europe. The chapter is divided into six periods. Same periodization is then used for the case study. A chapter on the tradition of relations between Czechoslovakia and Brazil before 1945 and a chapter on the Czechoslovak intelligence service activities in Brazil are added to the case study. The case study primarily deals with political and trade relations. The case study shows us that the trade was crucial for upholding the relations. Both countries not only stood against each other in the Cold War setting, but Czechoslovakia actively supported the opposition...
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Deconsolidation of Venezuelan Democracy: Erosion of tha Party System, Neo-Populism and Repoliticization of the Armed Forces
Buben, Radek ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
Thesis PhDr. Radek Buben Deconsolidation of Venezuelan Democracy: Erosion of the Party System, Neo-Populism, and Repoliticization of the Armed Forces The thesis Deconsolidation of Venezuelan Democracy: Erosion of the Party System, Neo- Populism, and Repoliticization of the Armed Forces addresses the process of deconsolidation of democracy in Venezuela between 1973 and 1993. The analysis is based on both theoretical and comparative approach embedded notably in institutional comparative political science (analysis of systemic and institutional conditions of the analyzed process), historical sociology and political theory (phenomena of populism and neo-populism) and approaches of traditional historical analysis of political process in a particular period of time. The theoretical part of the text is focused on the issue of democracy in Latin America in general. More concretely, it concerns with typologies of political regimes, institutionalization of party systems, civil-military relations and the so-called resources curse theory. The great deal of the text covers analysis of populism, its definition and the existing research of the phenomenon. The starting point of the empirical part presents the establishment of the petrostate and bipartism in 1973. The analysis ends with the decomposition of the...
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José Martí's Vision on Europe, through the study of his "European Scenes"
Perryman Figueroa, Armando Laureano ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
This paper deals with José Martí's conceptions on Europe, through the study of the chronicles written by him between November 1881 and June 1882 for the Caracas newspaper La Opinión Nacional. These works, grouped in Volume 14 of his Collected Works under the name of European Scenes, address the major events occurred in the main European countries, the relations between them and their position towards the United States, Latin America and other regions of the world. In the extensive literature on the author's life and work, the issues related to Europe are among the least addressed. The passive literature on the subject is practically nonexistent. This void puts forward a demand for study and creates many questions, for which I intend to find answers in this project. As a primary source for this research I have used the online edition of the author's Complete Works, edited by Martí's Studies Center, in November 2001. The core of this thesis is constituted by the analysis of Spain and France. Italy and other European countries are also dealt with. I also include an outline of the context in which the author develops his activities as a journalist. Emphasis is placed on Martí's importance in the history of the nineteenth-century Latin American thought.
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Possibilities for maintaining the Cultural Identity of the Nahuas from the Northeastern Mountains of the Puebla State: The Case of the Organization Union de Cooperativas Tosepan Titatiniske
Bernkopfová, Michala ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee) ; Vrhel, František (referee)
This work deals with the issues of cultural identity of ethnic groups in the modern Mexican society, explores its characteristics and essence and searches for possibilities of its maintenance. The central question is, which way indigenous groups can develop their culture freely in the modern Mexican society, and so keep their own peculiarity and identity. The main instrument is a case study of Nahua communities occupying the territory of the Northeastern mountain range of the Mexican state of Puebla, which is in the sphere of influence of the organization called Unión de Cooperativas Tosepan Titataniske, seeking to improve the standard of living and strengthen the cultural identity of the villagers in the region. An ethno-historical study of the Nahua communities living in the particular region, completed with an analysis of the contemporary inhabitants' cultural identity based on a field research, shows that indigenous cultures can keep their identity in spite of significant external interference into their traditional way of life in the course of centuries and that the continuity of their identity is not dependent on maintaining concrete, time conditioned cultural manifestations. On the contrary, important factors for keeping cultural identity are the functional continuity of a given group and...
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Czechoslovakia, Guatemala and Mexico in period of guatemalan revolution
Perutka, Lukáš ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee) ; Kovář, Michal (referee)
This work occupies until now practically not researched relation of Czechoslovakia and Guatemala in the period of so called Guatemalan Revolution in the years 1944-1954. It also considers explaining the context of the international relations, especially of Guatemala, Mexico and the United States. The thesis in based above all on the until now unpublished archive material from the archives of Ministry of Foreign Relations of the Czech Republic, Secretary of Foreign Relations of Mexico, National Archive of the Czech Republic, and also from American Central Intelligence Agency. Czechoslovak relation with Guatemala was created already in the period in-between World Wars, when the small central European country became one of the greatest purchasers of the Guatemalan coffee. Exactly commercial interests of Czechoslovakia helped to create official diplomatic relations in this period, at which end was sealed in 1936 the commercial agreement and Guatemala bought in the same year arms in Czechoslovakia. After the end of the Second World War these relations were not renewed, however the new democratic regime of the president Arévalo had imminent interest to renew this relationship and as gesture of good will still recognized the commercial agreement from 1936, although in had not been actualized. In the same...
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Dictatorships as a Literary Inspiration: Fiction in the 20th Century
Alfaro Negrete, Ximena del Carmen ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
Latin-American Dictatorships as a Source of Literary Inspiration - Fiction in 20th Century - The literature that deals a historical fact helps us to understand the history, showing us life of fictive individuals representing persons who lived those historical circumstances from an intimate, partial and improbable perspective and thus is not opposed to the "official history"; it creates a fictive chronicles of historical moments. Using the words of Miguel de Unamuno, there is something small and substantive, that history does not manage to capture: the intrahistory, things that happened in the lives of people that witnessed great historical events: All the things described daily by the newspapers, the history of the "present historical moment" is nothing but a surface of a sea, a surface that freezes and crystallizes in books and archives, and once they are crystallized in a hard layer, not major to a poor skin in relation to the intrahistorical lives we live inside of its immense ardent center. The newspapers say nothing about the silent lives of millions of men that wake up at any hour of the day in all the countries of the globe by the order of the Sun and go to their fields to proceed to their dark and silent eternal everyday work, that work, that as the submarine corrals create the bases for the islets...
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