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Non-Disease Gendered Effects as a Point of Analysis in Pandemic Response: A Comparative Case Study of COVID-19 Response Measures in Canada and New Zealand
Roy-Wright, Leilani ; McDonagh, Ken (vedoucí práce) ; Karásek, Tomáš (oponent) ; Kay, Rebecca (oponent)
The effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on women extend beyond the disease itself and into the social and economic lives of many. This dissertation takes the form of a comparative case study and delves into the question of how well the response measures enacted in New Zealand and Canada reflect a thorough consideration of the gendered human security outcomes of the measures. As well, it assesses whether gender stakeholders were involved in the decision-making processes around policy and response. The dissertation analyses documents on the response measures and uses an intersectional approach based on criteria from each country's action plan on the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda. Overall, the results show that while mention of gender was present in the documents, it was not overwhelming and there remained many areas where it could have added significantly to the quality of the measures. Likewise, certain areas of the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda were severely underrepresented. Overarching areas of weakness include a lack of emphasis on prevention and relief and recovery. Specific weaknesses include measures that ignore the underlying gender inequity within the home and labour force, the absence of measures to aid sex workers, and a lack of recognition of the gendered dynamics often present in...
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Radicalisation of the Masses? Ontological Security and the Rise of the Far Right
Martinez Mendoza, Javier ; Aliyev, Huseyn (vedoucí práce) ; Kučera, Tomáš (oponent) ; McDonagh, Ken (oponent)
For the past decades, the effects of globalisation in societies across the world have not only increased economic development and interconnectedness but also brought about new forms of inequality and loss of social structures, that in the last years have provoked heightened polarisation and, in Western liberal democracies, the rise of the far-right in the form of political parties and movements. This dissertation argues that this phenomenon can be assessed with the lenses of radicalisation studies, proposing that the electoral far-right, as any form of extremism, should be equally treated as a security threat due to its questioning of fundamental rights and liberties. Using the theory of ontological security, this work attempts to demonstrate the processes that mainstream extreme narratives among wider sectors of society, proposing that the avoidance of uncertainty and its resulting existential anxiety opens individuals, groups and societies alike to extreme discourses to find a sense of self, and that in a wider society, extremist actors can do this through processes of mainstreaming taking advantage of the political opportunity posed by rapid socioeconomic and cultural changes like globalisation.
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The (ab)use of ontological insecurity as an instrument of political mobilization and power-consolidation/legitimization within the Visegrad countries since 2015
Balazs, Akos ; Michálek, Luděk (vedoucí práce) ; Butler, Eamonn (oponent) ; McDonagh, Ken (oponent)
This dissertation scrutinizes how immigration has been constructed as an ontological security issue by the member states of the Visegrád group (Hungary, Poland, Czechia and Slovakia) between 2015 and 2020 employing ontological security theory andtheCopenhagen'sschoolsecuritizationframeworkas theoreticallensfortheanalysis.Thepaper'scentralargumentisthattheVisegrádcountries'approach to the question of immigration is fundamentally different than the Western European states' perception owing to their discrepant historical experiences. The thesis analyses each member of the Visegrád group independently through four prisms in order to provide an all-encompassing understanding about the particular characteristics of migration in each country. The analysis reveals that whereas some common attributes do exist among the member states (e.g. unwavering rejection oftheEuropeanUnion'squotamechanismortheexistenceofpronouncedxenophobicattitudes),their approach to immigration also shows striking discrepancies. Keywords: ontological security, securitization, immigration, migrant crisis, quota mechanism
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The Puzzle in the Turkish Foreign Policy Decision-Making Process: Beyond the Nexus of Continuities and Changes
Kiousi, Dimitra ; McDonagh, Ken (vedoucí práce) ; Kučera, Tomáš (oponent) ; Unkovski-Korica, Vladimir (oponent)
The puzzle in the Turkish Foreign Policy decision-making process: Beyond the nexus of continuities and changes July 2020 International Master in Security, Intelligence, and Strategic Studies This dissertation analyses the puzzle over the nexus of continuity and change in the Turkish foreign policy decision-making process. It aims to demonstrate that in Turkey's case what seems to best explain the changing patterns in the country's foreign orientations are the so-called adjustment changes in its foreign policy outlook. This study seeks to address two interrelated research questions. The first research question is highly related to the complexity behind the nexus of consistency and inconsistency and to what extent changes in the country's foreign policy direction are radical or a product of adjustment changes. The second research question is related to how an interplay of interrelated variables can provide an insightful explanation regarding Turkey's convergences and divergences with states in high and low political salience issues. This study uses two decision models, the prominent 'Two-Level Games' introduced by Putnam, and a more recent model, the very well-known Poliheuristic theory introduced by Mintz, to demonstrate how the interplay of the individual, domestic and international component acts...
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Framing operation Barkhane: Moral rhetoric and symbolism in presidential speeches
Nobili, Arthur ; McDonagh, Ken (vedoucí práce) ; Hynek, Nikola (oponent)
Democratic political leaders often use strategic narratives as a strategy of communication about oversees military operations. It is well- established that politicians use moral frames, symbols and emotional appeals to mobilize public support. This dissertation aimed at understanding the French President Emmanuel Macron's strategy of communication about the oversees military operation Barkhane. Specifically, it analysed whether Macron's communicative strategy employed a moral frame, symbols, and emotional appeals as part of a strategic narrative to mobilize the French public support of Operation Barkhane. To test the hypothesis that Macron used a moral frame, symbols and emotional appeals in his strategic narrative, a discourse analysis of nine of Macron's public speeches about Operation Barkhane was realised. The analysis was divided in three themes: the Just War frame; the symbols hero-protector, coward-villain, victim, and its emotional appeals; and lastly, the overall structure as a strategic narrative. The results show that Emmanuel Macron's strategy of communication about Operation Barkhane employed the Just War frame, symbols, emotional appeals, and his discourses were part of an overall strategic narrative. These results suggest that democratic leaders aim at influencing the public's...
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TACtical intelligence: Disrupting the terrorist attack cycle by analysing terrorists' intelligence operations
Dorak, Olivia Jeanne ; McDonagh, Ken (vedoucí práce) ; Ludvík, Jan (oponent)
TACtical Intelligence: Disrupting the Terrorist Attack Cycle by Analysing Terrorists' Intelligence Operations Keywords: terrorism, intelligence, confidence, intelligence competition, violent non-state actors Abstract: Commensurate with prevailing Realist influence in military and security studies,the majority of academic literature on topics of intelligence are from state-centric perspectives, failing to sufficiently address other actors who are taking on greater and more salient roles on the international security stage. In particular, the use of intelligence by violent non-state actors is a premature subject matter in the academic discourse, as literature at the intersection of the two disciplines tends to evaluate the ways in which state intelligence succeeds or fails with regards to, or acts upon violent non-state actors. Rarely are violent non-state actors perceived of as intelligence actors of their own respect. Nevertheless, an intelligence competition persists between the rivals. The intelligence competition between terrorist organisations, seeking to instigate attacks, and state agencies, seeking to thwart them, is underdeveloped in both terrorism and intelligence studies. This study finds terrorist organisations engage in an intelligence competition with their state adversaries-a pursuit to...
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