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Arsenic toxicity and hyperaccumulation in plants and their potentail use in phytoremediation
Gímeš, Lukáš ; Mašková, Petra (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Arsenic is classified as a heavy metalloid. Small amounts of arsenic can be found in the environment naturally, but human activity constantly increases the amount of arsenic in the soil. Increasing arsenic contamination of the soil causes serious health problems for both animals and humans. Due to its toxicity, it can also cause considerable problems for plants. Arsenic negatively affects a number of processes in the body of plants, such as oxidative stress or the metabolism of important macromolecules. Photosynthesis is a physiological process that is the most affected by arsenic toxicity. Closely related to photosynthesis are the growth properties of plants. Negative effects that arsenic has on many biochemical, physiological and morphological processes in the plant body, we must understand the uptake, translocation and detoxification of arsenic in the plant body. Arsenic hyperaccumulators are plants that can accumulate orders of magnitude higher concentrations of As and better manage the phytotoxicity of this contaminant than non-hyperaccumulating plants. Hyperaccumulation of heavy metals is associated with changes in the physiological properties of plants. A common characteristic of hyperaccumulators is that they can accumulate the higher concentrations of metals they in the aboveground parts...
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Environmental Effects of 223-Ra Radiopharmaceuticals
Krmelová, Tereza ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Title: Environmental Effects of 223 Ra Radiopharmaceuticals Author: Tereza Krmelová Branch: Environmental chemistry Type of thesis: Diploma thesis Advisor: Doc. Ing. Stanislav Smrček, CSc Abstract: In thesis was studied the possibility of extracting the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide or hydroxyapatite with bounded 223 Ra by root system of tested plant species Avena sativa and Zea mays as a model for phytoremediation technologies. The thesis obtains data to assess the potential of residues radioactivity and nanomaterials entering the food chain. There was also verified an experiment of 223 Ra phytoextraction, in the form of nitrate, in effects on addition of EDTA, which was conducted in Bachelor thesis. This experiment was repeated because of its results, which were inconsistent with generally described phytoextraction efficiency improvements after adding the complexing agents. In this work was primary studied translocation of radioactive material from the root to shoot. Experimentally was confirmed the extraction of nanoparticles with bounded 223 Ra and translocation into shoot. In the case of Avena sativa, capturing of nanoparticles hydroxyapatite with bounded 223 Ra was 53 % of which 88 % of activity was recovered in roots and 12 % in shoots. Capturing nanoparticles of titanium dioxide with bounded 223...
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Thorium as an environment stressor for plant growth.
Hrdinová, Aneta ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Thorium is an element belonging to heavy metals, which is characterized by its radioactivity similarly to uranium and radon. Thorium is not commonly used in industry, but becouse of its radioactive properties it has a great potentional for future use in nuclear energetics. Thus, increasing release of Th into the soil, water and atmosphere can be expected in near future and through plant biomass it could become a part of food chains and webs and, thus, to represent a considerable health risks to humans. Studies devoted to research on thorium and its effects on plants has not been published much yet. The majority of these studies focus mainly only on plant abilities to accumulate thorium and/or monitoring distribution of thorium in plant body. But till now, a study is still missing, which would monitor the effect of thorium on the physiological characteristics of plants. Plants of Nicotiana glutinosa (L.) medium Thorium accumulatin were hydroponically cultivated Hoagland nutrient media differedin the presence of thorium, tartaric acid, putrescine and phosphates. In first part of the present study I monitored accumulation of thorium by tobacco plants under the influence of the above-mentioned modifications of media. In the second part, I studied the Th effect on the photosynthetic apparatus (contents...
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The effect of heavy metals on plant carbohydrate metabolism
Kofroňová, Monika ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Arsenic is an element which belongs to metaloids. Contamination with arsenic is a problem all over the world. Basically it is a part of Earth's crust, but with anthropogenic activities it could overspread into soil, water and air in large scale a thus it could mean health hazard. Fytoremediation is kind of environment decontamination, which is quite effective and cheap as well. Publications about arsenic and its influence on plant metabolism are mostly focused on important crop plants like rice. Rice is mostly used for experiments and questions on anatomical and morphological changes are widely being solved by these experiments, but it has only insignificant relevance for fytoremediation. There are only few publications about arsenic influence on carbohydrate metabolism, thus little is known about this problem. That is why I have decided to study this topic more deeply and get more information about carbohydrate metabolic changes under influence of arsenic and partly also under influence of mercury, because information about influence of mercury are completely lacking. My experimental material includes tobacco plant, tobacco tissue cultures and horseradish hairy roots cultures. Accumulation of starch and soluble carbohydrate spectrum and content was determined by HPLC. Furthermore arsenic influence...
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Dust particles in the environment and their effect on plants - possibilities for use in phytoremediation
Endlerová, Šárka ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with dust particles, one of the substances polluting the enviroment, and their effect on plants, which can be used for phytoremediation. First part focuses on an oerview of substances that participate to air pollution and there are also given theri harmful effects on the environment. The next part describes the methods of phytoremediation and their use. In the last part is described experimental measurements of dust in the air and monitoring of polyaromatic hydrocarbons content in the atmosphere based on thein analysis on the surface of the leaves of trees. Key word: phytoremediation, dust particles, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, air pollution
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The proteomic study of abiotic stress of plants.
Barabášová, Kamila ; Podlipná, Radka (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, phytoremediation, abiotic stress, ibuprofene, doxorubicin, two-dimensional electrophoresis Nowadays, develop of the pharmaceutical industry is very fast. Reason of this trend is ever-increasing number of diseases, lifestyle and still increasing demand for the drugs. With this trend growing interest in the analysis of the residues of pharmaceuticals in the environment which is result of incomplete wastewater treatment. This diploma thesis is studying effect of cytostatic drugs, specifically doxorubicin and one of the most widely used analgesics - ibuprofen, at the proteome level of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Proteins isolated from plants exposed to the drugs were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Comparing of protein maps by PDQest program (Bio-Rad, USA) was found several proteins whose expression was affected by the presence of drugs in the culture medium. Selected proteins were identified by LC - MS / MS.
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Study of plant stress responces in presence of pharmaceuticals in cultivation medium
Bystroňová, Jana ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of ibuprofen degradation by selected plant cultures and determination of activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase) as markers of oxidative stress caused by ibuprofen. Nicotiana tabaccum (cv. La Burley 21, cv. SR 1 and their GMOs) and Nicotiana glauca were used as experimental plants. The rate of removal of ibuprofen tested by tobacco was decreasing in the following order: N. tabaccum SR1 > N. tabaccum Zm-P60-1-T4 > N. tabaccum TRI 2T2 > N. glauca > N. tabaccum TRI 2T1 > N. tabaccum cv. La Burley > N. tabaccum Zm-P60-1-T5. As the most suitable tobacco for the removal of ibuprofen seemed untransformed N. tabaccum SR1. The long-term experiment showed that plant stress is being manifested even after longtime. N. tabaccum cv. La Burley 21 seemed to be the most tolerant to ibuprofen in compare with the total enzyme activities in cultures with the presence of ibuprofen and controls. N.glauca was the least tolerant cultivar. Keywords: phytoremediation, ibuprofen, Nicotiana tabaccum, Nicotiana glauca, HPLC, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathion-S-transferase
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Phytoremediation: structural characteristics of plants under heavy metal effect
Otradovcová, Marie ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
The environmental pollution by heavy metals has been becoming currently a big problem. The contents of these metals in soils and water increase, particular in consequence of human activities particularly in developed countries. Local contaminations are problematic in our country, too. Soil contamination by heavy metals negatively affects agricultural production and food chains in nature. It may have an adverse impact to human health. The general public is interested in possibilities of removing these metals from the environment. The phytoremediation is one of those methods for removal contaminants via plants. This is relatively new, environmentally friendly method. However, not all plants are suitable for use in phytoremediation. For the best selection of plant species and their subsequent effective use in phytoremediation is necessary to study the relationship between heavy metals and plants, physiological processes that affect the intake of heavy metals and their distribution in a plant body, effects of heavy metals on the anatomical structure of plants at different levels of functioning. A group of plants called hyperaccumulators is specially adapted to high concentrations of metals in soil. These plants are capable to accumulate in their aboveground parts quantities of metal greater than the...
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